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益生素及其在仔猪饲养中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在饲料工业中,人们将益生素作为抗生素最有效的替代产品之一,寄希望于通过益生素来生产安全的畜产品,同时强化对环境的保护。笔者从益生素的分类及在防治仔猪腹泻、提高仔猪生产性能上的应用等方面进行了综述,探讨益生素在生产和使用过程中应注意的问题,以及益生素推广应用中存在的问题及发展前景。 相似文献
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仔猪阶段是猪一生中生长发育迅速、可塑性大、对饲料和饲养管理要求最高的一个关键时期,断奶仔猪由于断乳以及饲料和环境的变化而出现应激,常导致腹泻、体弱、生长停滞甚至死亡.长期以来,人们一直采用在日粮中添加抗菌素的手段以控制仔猪腹泻,维持仔猪健康和正常生长发育.但大量使用抗菌素,所产生的抗药性问题及药物残留毒副作用日趋严重,已引起各国的普遍关注,禁用抗菌素作饲料添加剂的呼声日高.因此研制和应用抗菌素的替代品已成必然趋势,能替代抗菌素而又无其毒副作用的高效饲料添加剂——益生素应运而生.应用益生素可降低畜禽应激,改善动物健康状况和生产性能.为了验证益生素对断奶仔猪的添饲效果,为推广应用益生素提供科学依据,我们于1996年10月至11月进行了本次研究. 相似文献
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断奶仔猪日粮中添加加酶益生素的效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章介绍了关于益生素的基本内容及加酶益生素对断奶仔猪产生的影响,并针对断奶仔猪生产性能进行了对照试验,进行了使用加酶益生素饲喂断奶仔猪的试验。通过在基础日粮中添加加酶益生素比较其对断奶仔猪的生长性能、腹泻及料重比的影响。试验选用了体质健康的28日龄断奶仔猪40头,随机分成两组,Ⅰ组(试验组)20头,Ⅱ组(对照组)20头。Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加0.4%的加酶益生素,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮,研究加酶益生素对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。结果表明:Ⅰ组仔猪63日龄时的平均体重为16.8kg,腹泻的发生率为2.9%;Ⅱ组仔猪63日龄时的平均体重为15.4kg,腹泻发生率为18.3%。 相似文献
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加酶益生素添加时间对哺乳断奶仔猪日增重和腹泻率的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
将 2 0窝杜斯哺乳仔猪随机分为两组 :试验组和对照组。试验组哺乳仔猪 0～ 7天通过涂抹益生素接种 ,7～ 35天饲喂含加酶益生素的饲料 ,断奶仔猪饲喂含加酶益生素的饲料 ;对照组哺乳仔猪 7～ 35天按常规以基础料诱食补食 ,断奶仔猪饲喂含加酶益生素的饲料。试验结果表明 :试验组哺乳仔猪日增重比对照组提高 11.4 2 % (P <0 .0 1) ,腹泻率比对照组降低 37.5 2 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ;试验组断奶仔猪日增重比对照组提高 7.0 9% (P >0 .0 5 ) ,腹泻率比对照组低4 6 .5 6 % (P <0 .0 1)。加酶益生素的添加时间不仅影响哺乳仔猪的日增重 ,而且影响断奶仔猪的腹泻率 ;哺乳仔猪 0～7天涂抹益生素接种 ,哺乳断奶全程使用加酶益生素可有效提高哺乳仔猪日增重 ,降低断奶仔猪腹泻率 相似文献
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本实验研究在断奶仔猪日粮中添加抗生素、益生素的应用效果。 3个试验分别在基础日粮上添加卡巴氧 70×10 -6、 SPA 2 5 0× 10 -6、复合益生素 10 0 0× 10 -6。结果表明 :在断奶仔猪过渡期饲喂抗生素、复合益生素显著减少了仔猪腹泻 ,提高了经济效益。饲喂复合益生素组对仔猪生长发育影响最为显著 ,经济效益明显增加 相似文献
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益生素应用于规模化养猪业的效果 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文综述了益生素在规模化养猪业中的应用效果，阐明了益生素的作 理及其影响因素，通过分析着重强调益生素添加到猪日粮中，可 减少仔猪腹泻、降低仔猪死亡率、提高母猪繁殖力、提高饲料报酬等，说明益生素是一种具有良好市场前景的饲料添加剂。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(2)
为了研究在断奶仔猪日粮中补充益生素控制抗生素、氧化锌用量的养殖效果,以杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪为试验对象,以新型的益生素为试验材料,在日粮中分别补充0.5、1.0 g/kg的新型益生素,通过28 d的养殖试验,结果表明,去除喹乙醇、那西肽,减少硫酸抗敌素、氧化锌,并补充益生素后,仔猪的增重有提高的趋势、饲料系数有下降的趋势,可以维持断奶仔猪的生长速度和饲料效率。同时,血清总胆汁酸水平有所提高,0.5 g/kg组差异不显著,1.0 g/kg组差异显著。添加0.5 g/kg新型益生素组,仔猪的腹泻率有所下降。试验结果表明,在断奶仔猪饲料中使用益生素,可以大幅降低饲料中抗生素的用量,并有减少仔猪腹泻、提高增重的趋势。 相似文献
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犊牛在幼龄阶段时,其消化系统和免疫系统还未发育健全,腹泻发病率居高不下,从而导致犊牛的饲养难度增高。随着抗生素的副作用越来越明显,寻找抗生素替代物被提上议程。益生菌具有调节犊牛消化道微生态平衡、抑制病原微生物、增强胃肠道消化吸收及调节机体免疫等功能,能够起到提高犊牛生长性能、预防和治疗犊牛腹泻、降低犊牛发病率和死亡率的目的。但益生菌制剂的发展刚刚处于起始阶段,且益生菌在反刍动物方面的研究稀少,所以对益生菌制剂的研究尤为重要。本文对益生菌的功能机制及其在犊牛中的应用与研究作以综述。 相似文献
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益生菌在马属动物中的应用及研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2022,43(4):39-47
益生菌作为一种活的微生物饲料补充剂,不仅能提高动物生产性能、增强免疫力,还有维持胃肠道菌群平衡、净化胃肠道环境的功能,在预防和治疗动物腹泻、调节宿主免疫功能等方面发挥着重要作用。益生菌具有安全性高、无残留、无耐药性等特点,可作为替抗产品。益生菌广泛应用于马属动物并取得良好的效果。综述了益生菌及相关活性物质的作用机理及马用益生菌产品存在的问题和应用前景,旨在为马用益生菌产品的开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
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Signorini ML Soto LP Zbrun MV Sequeira GJ Rosmini MR Frizzo LS 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(1):250-258
Before weaning, dairy calves are susceptible to many pathogens which can affect their subsequent performance. The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been identified as a tool to maintain the intestinal microbial balance and to prevent the establishment of opportunistic pathogenic bacterial populations. However, a consensus has not been reached as to whether probiotics may be effective in reducing the prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in young calves. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of probiotics on diarrhea incidence and the intestinal microbial balance. LAB supplementation has been shown to exert a protective effect and to reduce the incidence of diarrhea (relative risk, RR=0.437, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.251-0.761). In the subanalysis, this protective effect of the probiotics against diarrhea was observed only in trials that used whole milk (RR=0.154, 95% CI 0.079-0.301) and trials that used multistrain inocula (RR=0.415, 95% CI 0.227-0.759). Probiotics did not improve the fecal characteristics (standardized mean difference, SMD=-0.4904, 95% CI -1.011-0.035) and were unable to change the LAB:coliforms ratio (SMD=0.016, 95% CI -0.701-0.733). Probiotics showed a beneficial impact on the LAB:coliforms ratio in the subanalysis that included trials that used whole milk (SMD=0.780, 95% CI 0.141-1.418) and monostrain inocula (SMD=0.990, 95% CI 0.340-1.641). The probability of significant effects (probiotic positive effect) in a new study was >0.70 for diarrhea and fecal consistency. Whole milk feeding improved the action of the probiotic effect on the incidence of diarrhea and LAB:coliforms ratio. The probability to find significant effects in the diarrhea frequency and LAB:coliforms ratio was higher (P>0.85) if the new studies were conducted using whole milk to feed calves. This paper defines the guidelines to standardize the experimental designs of future trials. LAB can be used as growth promoters in calves instead of antibiotics to counteract the negative effects of their widespread use. 相似文献
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【目的】研究中药联合益生菌对大肠杆菌性小鼠腹泻的保护作用。【方法】通过正交试验筛选中药联合益生菌最佳因素配比。取60只小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、中药组、益生菌组和中药联合益生菌组,每组12只。空白组小鼠腹腔注射生理盐水(0.2 mL/只),模型组、中药组、益生菌组和中药联合益生菌组均先腹腔注射分离菌悬液1×107 CFU/kg,然后中药组按10 mL/kg灌胃中药液(其中蒲公英提取物浓度为0.25 g/mL,黄芪总黄酮和黄芪多糖浓度均为0.05 g/mL),益生菌组按4 mL/kg灌胃枯草杆菌悬液(菌含量5×107 CFU/mL),中药联合益生菌组按上述量灌胃中药液和枯草杆菌混合液,每天定时灌胃给药1次,连续3 d。每日记录小鼠腹泻、体重、采食量等情况。末次给药12 h后分离心脏、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肺脏,称重并计算脏器系数;血液分析法检测血液学指标;取粪便及小肠内容物检测粪便隐血情况并进行细菌计数;ELISA法检测小鼠血清和小肠组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性。【结果】中药联合益生菌最佳因素配比为A1B2C2D2。与空白组相比,模型组小鼠腹泻率100%且无自愈现象,症状和剖检病变明显,腹泻指数极显著上升(P＜0.01),体重、采食量均极显著下降(P＜0.01),肝脏、脾脏器官指数均显著升高(P＜0.05),淋巴细胞比率(LYM)、中间细胞比率(MID)均显著下降(P＜0.05),粒细胞比率(GRAN)极显著上升(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,中药组和中药联合益生菌组腹泻指数极显著下降(P＜0.01),体重、采食量显著上升(P＜0.05),中药组肝脏、脾脏器官指数显著下降(P＜0.05),中药联合益生菌组脏器系数极显著下降(P＜0.01),中药组、益生菌组及中药联合益生菌组LYM显著上升(P＜0.05)、GRAN显著下降(P＜0.05)。粪便隐血检测结果显示,模型组检测呈强阳性;中药组、益生菌组呈弱阳性,中药联合益生菌组呈阴性。与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肠内大肠杆菌数、血清及小肠组织中MPO活性均极显著上升(P＜0.01);与模型组相比,中药组和中药联合益生菌组小鼠肠内大肠杆菌数、血清及小肠组织中MPO活性均显著下降(P＜0.05)。【结论】中药联合益生菌可降低腹泻指数、肝脏和脾脏器官指数,增加体重、饮食量,使粪便隐血转阴并降低肠内大肠杆菌数、血清及小肠组织中MPO活性,从而对大肠杆菌性小鼠腹泻产生协同保护作用。 相似文献
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饲粮添加益生菌和合生元对环江香猪生长性能及血浆生化参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加益生菌和合生元对环江香猪生长性能和血浆生化参数的影响。选取窝产仔数相近的新生仔猪24窝,随机分为3组,每组8个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.05%丁酸梭菌(益生菌组)或0.05%丁酸梭菌+0.02%低聚木糖(合生元组)。仔猪10日龄之前随母猪哺乳;10~35日龄随母猪哺乳,同时补充教槽饲粮;36~65日龄饲喂保育前期饲粮。试验期间,记录每日采食量和腹泻情况,于10、35和65日龄称取空腹体重,计算各阶段平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)、料重比(F/G)和腹泻率;于35和65日龄采血,检测血浆生化参数。结果显示:与对照组相比,益生菌组和合生元组65日龄仔猪体重显著增加(P<0.05),10~35日龄、36~65日龄和10~65日龄阶段仔猪腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05),36~65日龄和10~65日龄阶段仔猪ADFI和ADG显著升高(P<0.05),35日龄仔猪血浆总蛋白(TP)含量和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著升高且谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),65日龄仔猪血浆TP、白蛋白(ALB)和甘油三酯(TG)含量以及ALP活性显著升高且ALT和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著降低(P<0.05);此外,合生元组35日龄仔猪血浆低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)含量、65日龄仔猪血浆总胆固醇(TC)和LDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与益生菌组相比,合生元组36~65日龄和10~65日龄阶段仔猪ADFI和ADG显著升高(P<0.05),10~35日龄、36~65日龄和10~65日龄阶段仔猪腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05),35日龄仔猪血浆LDL-C含量、65日龄仔猪血浆LDL-C和TC含量以及ALP活性显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加益生菌或合生元均可改善环江香猪氮代谢和脂代谢相关的血浆生化参数,降低腹泻率,进而提高生长性能。 相似文献
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Effect of a Probiotic on Prevention of Diarrhea and Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens Shedding in Foals 
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下载免费PDF全文 A. Schoster H.R. Staempfli M. Abrahams M. Jalali J.S. Weese L. Guardabassi 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):925-931
Background
Up to 60% of foals develop diarrhea within 6 months after birth. Preventive measures are limited but potentially probiotics could be used.Objective
To evaluate the effect of a newly designed probiotic on the incidence of foal diarrhea in a randomized field trial.Animals
Seventy‐two healthy neonatal foals.Methods
Randomized, placebo‐controlled field trial. Foals were administered a placebo or probiotic for 3 weeks and monitored for an additional week. A total of 3 fecal samples were taken from each foal at biweekly intervals. Statistical modeling was applied for comparison of incidence and duration of diarrhea and fecal shedding of Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile between treatment and age groups.Results
The overall incidence of diarrhea was 41 of 72 (59%) and did not differ (P = 0.37) between treatment groups. Foals treated with probiotics were more likely to develop diarrhea requiring veterinary intervention (P = 0.007). Age had a significant effect on incidence of diarrhea (P < 0.001); foals 8–15 days old having the highest probability of developing diarrhea. Duration of diarrhea and soft feces were not significantly different between groups. The prevalence of C. perfringens shedding was 55% with no difference between treatment groups (P = 0.23). The prevalence of C. difficile shedding was 11%.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
There was no benefit of administering a 3‐week course of probiotics, but potential adverse effects were noted. Whether the probiotics lacked a clinical effect, or the choice of strains or dose was inadequate, is unknown. Clostridial shedding was not influenced by probiotics despite in vitro activity of probiotics. 相似文献18.
Two probiotics of different ecological origin, Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 and Bacillus cereus var. toyoi, were chosen as model organisms. Feed for sows during gestation/lactation and for piglets pre-/postweaning was supplemented with either of these probiotics. To evaluate the effect of different starting points of E. faecium NCIMB 10415 initiations the probiotic was administered to piglets of sows, which have not received the probiotic, from birth onwards or just postweaning. Here we report the impact of these variants on probiotic distribution in the gut, on the gut microbiota, on diarrhea and on performance. Both probiotic strains were detected immediately after the start of the supplementation in feces of sows and piglets. The vertical transfer of both probiotic strains with sow feces to piglets could be demonstrated already before suckling piglets had access to the supplemented diets. Both probiotics were recovered from all intestinal segments of piglets. The dominant autochthonous colonic microbiota of young piglets as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was more similar within than between treatment groups (control vs. probiotic). Both probiotics reduced the incidence of postweaning diarrhea (p < 0.05). For the E. faecium probiotic the relative magnitude of this effect was largely independent of dietary probiotic concentration or starting time of supplementation. Significant overall influence on piglet performance was observed only with the B. cereus probiotic. 相似文献
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益生菌是一类有益于宿主健康的活性微生物,可以通过调节家兔肠道菌群的平衡和增强肠道屏障功能来发挥作用,能够抑制有害菌的生长,提高消化道内营养物质的吸收利用,增强免疫系统的功能,从而维持肠道健康。本文从益生菌对家兔肠道菌群的影响,益生菌治疗机制的探索等方面探讨益生菌在恢复家兔肠道菌群平衡和解决腹泻中的作用,分析了当前研究的局限性和未来研究方向,有助于推动益生菌在家兔腹泻治疗中的临床应用,为家兔肠道健康提供更全面的保障。 相似文献
20.
益生素和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、消化酶活性、血液指标和肠道微生物的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
选用(21±2)日龄体质量为(6.83±0.9)kg的PIC断奶仔猪240头,随机分为4个处理,正对照组(positive diet,PD)含有较多的鱼粉和乳清粉;负对照纽(negative diet,ND)舍有较少的鱼粉和乳清粉,较多的豆粕;负对照+0.035%益生素(negative diet+probiotics,ND+P);负对照+0.002%低聚木糖(negative diet+xylo-oligosaccharide,ND+X).饲喂至65日龄屠宰.结果显示,在断奶仔猪日粮中乳清粉和鱼粉从5.50%降低到2.50%,豆粕从22.50%增加到26.50%可导致仔猪消化道酶活性、血糖和血清总蛋白水平、盲肠乳酸杆菌数量降低(P<0.05),血清尿素氮、盲肠大肠杆菌数量、仔猪腹泻指数扣料重比增加(P<0.05).添加益生素和低聚木糖可以提高仔猪消化道蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉消化酶活性(P<0.05),降低料重比(P<0.05);提高血糖,降低血清尿素氮水平(P<0.05),改善蛋白质平衡和能量代谢;提高盲肠乳酸杆菌数量,减少大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),降低仔猪的腹泻指数(P<0.05).添加益生素和低聚木糖与否,均不影响日增重和采食量(P>0.05).益生素和低聚木糖可以改善断奶仔猪的消化功能、后消化道有益菌群、饲料转化效率,防治仔猪腹泻. 相似文献