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1.
研究了两种头孢噻呋注射液给猪肌注后的比较药物动力学特征。选用12头健康猪随机分为两组,每组6头,分别肌注上海公谊兽药厂生产的长效盐酸头孢噻呋注射液和美国辉瑞生产的盐酸头孢噻呋注射液(速解灵注射液),每头5mg/kg。采用超高效液相色谱法测定猪血浆中头孢噻呋的的药物浓度,用Winnonlin5.2药动学分析软件非房室模型处理药时数据,模型200处理肌注给药后的药代动力学参数。结果表明:健康猪肌注两种注射液后,参数MRT、Cmax、tmax统计差异极显著(P〈0.01),长效盐酸头孢噻呋注射液单剂量肌注给药较速解灵注射液吸收慢,达峰时间显著延迟,达峰浓度显著降低,平均驻留时间显著延长;参数AUC、Kel、t1/2允统计无显著性差异(P〉0.05),长效盐酸头孢噻呋注射液的相对生物利用度为98.41%,与速解灵注射液的生物利用度相当。本研究可为头孢噻呋注射液的临床合理用药提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
作者研究了头孢噻呋混悬液和头孢噻呋钠对人工诱发猪大肠杆菌病的疗效.对人工诱导发病的35日龄仔猪分别肌注头孢噻呋混悬液和头孢噻呋钠冻干粉(每种药设3和5 mg/kg2个剂量组),分别在第0、12、48、72 h给药,3 d共给药4次.同时设氨苄西林混悬注射液、Tinknium注射液以及健康和感染对照组.用药14 d后结果表明,头孢噻呋组有效率、治愈率及增重相对比显著高于氨苄西林和Tinknium组,头孢噻呋混悬液和头孢噻呋钠各剂量组之间死亡率、有效率、治愈率和增重相对比差异不显著.头孢噻呋混悬液和头孢噻呋钠冻干粉以3 mg/kg 3 d给药4次的治疗方案是可行的.  相似文献   

3.
为建立猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)耐头孢噻呋模型,利用最小抑菌浓度(MIC)倍递增法,用盐酸头孢噻呋诱导敏感APP-0成为耐药子代APP-Y100,结果发现,头孢噻呋对耐药子代APP-Y100的MIC比APP-0提高了128倍,无药培养30代后,MIC为APP-0的64倍。在头孢噻呋作用下,APP菌体由球杆状变为杆状,个体变大,与无头孢噻呋环境下存在显著性差异。小白鼠体内试验中,感染APP-0和APP-Y100的小鼠,感染后2 h分别注射10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg的盐酸头孢噻呋,计算10 d内小鼠死亡率。APP-0感染组,低、高剂量药物处理后,死亡率分别为80%和100%,而APP-Y100感染组分别为0和80%。  相似文献   

4.
以自然感染的发病猪为试验对象,观察氟苯尼考、盐酸头孢噻呋、硫酸阿米卡星注射液对猪传染性胸膜肺炎的疗效。结果表明,按用药方案连续用药3d后,疫情基本上被有效控制,取得了良好的治疗效果。氟苯尼考注射液、盐酸头孢噻呋注射液、硫酸阿米卡星注射液治疗猪传染性胸膜肺炎的有效率分别为93.5%、91.6%、95.6%。  相似文献   

5.
《中国兽医学报》2014,(10):1657-1662
研究并比较了头孢噻呋注射液和速解灵注射液在猪体内药物代谢动力学特征和相对生物利用度。20头健康猪,随机均分为2组,进行单次给药剂量(5mg/kg)肌注头孢噻呋注射液(洛阳惠中)和速解灵注射液(美国辉瑞),前腔静脉采血,高效液相色谱法检测猪血浆中头孢噻呋的浓度。采用药动学软件WinNonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型分析方法,计算出药物的动力学参数。猪肌注头孢噻呋注射液和速解灵注射液后的药动学参数分别为:达峰时间(Tmax):(2.63±0.74)、(3.38±1.92)h;峰质量浓度(Cmax):(14.06±2.21)、(9.48±1.84)mg/L;消除半衰期(t1/2β):(17.65±2.07)、(17.70±2.43)h;平均滞留时间(MRT):(23.21±2.68)、(22.11±2.50)h;药时曲线下面积(AUClast):(240.81±47.73)、(182.51±36.12)μg·h·mL-1。参数Cmax、AUClast统计差异极显著(P<0.01),头孢噻呋注射液较速解灵注射液吸收迅速、完全,达峰时间短,峰浓度显著升高;参数Tmax、t1/2β、MRT统计差异不显著(P>0.05),头孢噻呋注射液的相对生物利用度为132%,高于速解灵注射液。结果表明头孢噻呋注射液肌注后吸收迅速、完全,达峰时间短,峰浓度高,生物利用度高。  相似文献   

6.
摘要:目的 为了比较美国盐酸头孢噻呋、大中农盐酸头孢噻呋与山东某生物科技公司新研制的头孢噻呋三种头孢噻呋注射液在白羽鸡血浆中的药物代谢动力学特征,以检测新研制盐酸头孢噻呋注射液在白羽鸡体内的药物动力学参数是否符合要求。方法 在给白羽鸡肌肉注射药物后,在0至48小时内于不同时间点采集血样,用碘乙酰胺衍生,把二硫赤鲜醇作为提取液,以水-三氟乙酸-乙腈(700:1:300)作为流动相,266nm紫外检测。结果 标准曲线线性相关很好,相关系数都在0.995以上。最低检测限为0.05μg/mL;最低定量限为0.1μg/mL,回收率都在90%以上。日间变异系数小于0.1,日内变异系数小于0.05。结果表明,新研制盐酸头孢噻呋的药物动力学参数符合产品要求。结论 三种剂型达峰时间相同;美国盐酸头孢噻呋和新研制盐酸头孢噻呋的半衰期相似,大中农盐酸头孢噻呋半衰期相对要短,但总体三种剂型的半衰期差异不显著;美国盐酸头孢噻呋和大中农盐酸头孢噻呋最高血药浓度相当,而新研制盐酸头孢噻呋相对高些,但总体三种剂型的血药浓度差异不显著。  相似文献   

7.
采用肉汤微量稀释法测定头孢噻呋对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、溶血性巴氏杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌等病原菌的最小抑菌浓度,采用棋盘稀释法测定头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星、甲氧苄啶(TMP)的联合抑菌浓度指数.结果表明,头孢噻呋、氧氟沙星对5种病原菌都具有很强的抗菌活性;头孢噻呋与氧氟沙星联合使用时,对大肠杆菌、沙门菌、链球菌可产生协同作用,对溶血性巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌表现为无关作用;头孢噻呋与TMP联合用药时,对上述5种病原菌均具有协同作用.对实验性感染鸡大肠杆菌病的药效学试验结果表明,头孢噻呋高(100mg/L)、中(50mg/L)剂量对感染鸡的有效率明显高于对照药物庆大霉素(P<0.05),极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01);头孢噻呋高剂量组(100mg/L)感染鸡的增重率与健康对照组相比差异不显著(P>0.05).建议临床应用头孢噻呋治疗鸡大肠杆菌病时,可采用饮水给药,剂量为100mg/L.  相似文献   

8.
将头孢噻呋混悬剂分为高、中、低(10、5、2.5 mg/kg体重)3个剂量组分别肌肉注射治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,每36 h用药1次,连用2次;同时设头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组,按10 mg/kg体重给药,2次/d,连用3 d。结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂3个剂量组和头孢噻呋钠注射液对照组对仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎均有明显的治疗效果,成活率可达80%~100%,极显著高于感染对照组(P<0.01)。头孢噻呋混悬剂中、高剂量组成活率极显著高于头孢噻呋混悬剂低剂量组及头孢噻呋钠注射液组 (P<0.01)。本试验结果表明,头孢噻呋混悬剂能减少胸膜肺炎放线杆菌人工感染引起的临床症状,降低死亡率。作为注射剂治疗仔猪传染性胸膜肺炎,以5~10 mg/kg体重的剂量为佳。   相似文献   

9.
头孢噻呋晶体注射液是长效第三代头孢菌素类抗生素,可抑制细胞壁合成,属于时间依赖型抗生素,具有杀菌作用,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有效。头孢噻呋晶体注射液已被批准用在预防和治疗由胸膜肺炎放线杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、副猪嗜血杆菌和猪链球菌引起的猪呼吸道疾病,以及治疗猪链球菌感染引起的败血症.  相似文献   

10.
盐酸头孢噻呋注射液在国外已广泛用于治疗奶牛急性产后子宫炎,本文结合国内外研究进展,阐述了盐酸头孢噻呋注射液的作用机制、抗菌活性、药代动力学、临床应用以及残留消除等内容,为盐酸头孢噻呋注射液在治疗奶牛急性产后子宫炎上的研究及应用提供相关参考。  相似文献   

11.
Ceftiofur sodium, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, is active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens of veterinary importance. Two studies were designed to compare the intramuscular bioavailability of the current sodium salt and the new hydrochloride salt in pigs at doses of either 3 mg or 5 mg ceftiofur equivalents (CE)/kg body weight. Twenty-six healthy young pigs were selected for these two-period, two-treatment crossover studies, 12 for the 3 mg/kg study and 14 for the 5 mg/kg study. Each animal received one intramuscular (i.m.) injection of ceftiofur sodium and one i.m. injection of ceftiofur hydrochloride with a 14-day washout period between the two treatments. Blood samples were collected serially for up to 96 h postinjection. Plasma samples were then analysed using a validated assay that measures ceftiofur and all desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography. In the 3 mg/kg dosage study, average maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) after administration of ceftiofur sodium was 15.8+/-3.40 microg/mL at 0.4-4 h after injection. After administration of ceftiofur hydrochloride, the C(max) was 11.8+/-1.67 microg/mL at 1-4 h after injection. Concentrations of ceftiofur and metabolites 72 h after the injection were 0.392+/-0.162 microg/mL for ceftiofur hydrochloride and 0.270+/-0.118 microg/mL for ceftiofur sodium. The mean area under the curve (AUC), from time 0 to the limit of quantitation (AUC(O-LOQ)) after ceftiofur hydrochloride administration, was 216+/-28.0 microg x h/mL, compared to 169+/-45.4 microg x h/mL after ceftiofur sodium administration. The calculated time during which plasma concentrations remained above 0.02 microg/mL (t(>0.2)) was 85.3+/-10.6 h for ceftiofur sodium and 77.2+/-10.7 h for ceftiofur hydrochloride. In the 5 mg/kg dosage study, C(max) after administration of ceftiofur sodium was 28.3+/-4.45 microg/mL at 0.33-2 h after injection. After administration of ceftiofur hydrochloride, the C(max) was 29.7+/-6.72 microg/mL at 0.66-2 h after injection. Concentrations of ceftiofur and metabolites 96 h after the injection were 0.274+/-0.0550 microg/mL for ceftiofur hydrochloride and 0.224+/-0.0350 microg/mL for ceftiofur sodium. The mean AUC(O-LOQ) after ceftiofur hydrochloride administration was 382+/-89.8 microg x h/mL compared to 302+/-54.4 microg x h/mL after ceftiofur sodium administration. The t(>0.2) was 78.9+/-9.65 h for ceftiofur sodium and 94.2+/-8.64 h for ceftiofur hydrochloride. Based on the similarity of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the sodium and hydrochloride formulations of ceftiofur, similar therapeutic efficacy can be inferred for the two products.  相似文献   

12.
This study determined the impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Streptococcus suis coinfection on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of ceftiofur hydrochloride in pigs after intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Eighteen clinically normal crossbred gilts were assigned by weight into a challenge group (10 pigs) and control group (eight pigs). Pigs in both groups received a single i.m. injection of ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel RTU Sterile Suspension; Zoetis) at a 5 mg/kg BW dose. Serial blood samples were collected to characterize the plasma concentration curve. After a 10 days drug washout period, the challenge group was inoculated with 2 mL of PRRSV isolate VR‐2385 (105.75 50% tissue culture infective doses per mL) intranasally and 8 days later inoculated S. suis. When clinical disease was evident, the second PK assessment began in both challenge and control groups. Coinfected pigs demonstrated lower values of AUC and CMAX, but higher values of Cl/F and Vz/F indicating drug kinetics were altered by infection. The data from this study have implications on ceftiofur treatment regimens in diseased pigs.  相似文献   

13.
复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂的药代动力学研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
利用药物动力学的方法考察复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂是否具备缓释长效的特点,同时研究鱼腥草油对头孢噻呋药代动力学的影响。36只SPF大鼠随机平均分成三组:A组单剂量注射复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,B组单剂量注射盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂,C组单剂量注射头孢噻呋钠粉针;三组注射剂量均为50 mg/(kg.bw)。采用反相高效液相色谱内标法测定血浆药物浓度,并以DAS2.0药动学程序和SPSS(11.0)统计软件对所得数据进行分析。A、B、C组药时数据均符合一级吸收二室模型(权重=1/cc),主要动力学参数如下:A组:T1/2Ka=(1.253±0.100)h,Tpeak=(2.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(35.203±5.732)mg/L,AUC=(229.51±18.278)mg.h/L;B组:T1/2Ka=(0.341±0.090)h,Tpeak=(1.000±0.000)h,Cmax=(43.919±1.51)mg/L,AUC=(188.488±9.611)mg.h/L;C组:T1/2Ka=(0.044±0.012)h,Tpeak=(0.167±0.000)h,Cmax=(159.091±19.971)mg/L,AUC=(128.554±6.625)mg.h/L。实验数据表明,复方盐酸头孢噻呋混悬剂肌肉注射后,其药物动力学特征表现为吸收缓慢,血药浓度平稳,消除半衰期延长,生物利用度高等特点,在临床上注射1次,连用3 d,可以维持有效血液浓度。  相似文献   

14.
为研究自制盐酸多西环素注射液在猪体内的药代动力学-药效学,对10头健康猪单次肌内注射盐酸多西环素注射液,采用UPLC法测定血浆中药物浓度,利用药代动力学软件WinNonlin进行数据处理。结果显示,主要药代动力学参数:消除半衰期t1/2为(31.3±9.2)h,达峰时间Tmax为(0.80±0.7)h,峰浓度Cmax为(4132±2475)μg/L,药时曲线下面积AUC为(88378±88095)(μg/L)·h,平均滞留时间MRT为(20.5±2.5)h;PK/PD参数T〉MIC为24h,AUC/MIC〉50。试验表明该制剂以10mg/kg剂量肌内注射,给药间隔两天一次为宜。  相似文献   

15.
Ceftiofur, a third generation cephalosporin, demonstrates in vitro efficacy against microorganisms isolated from septicemic neonatal foals. This pharmacokinetic study evaluated the intravenous and subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur sodium (5 mg/kg body weight; n = 6 per group) and subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (6.6 mg/kg body weight; n = 6) in healthy foals. Plasma ceftiofur- and desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolite concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography following drug administration. Mean (±SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for i.v. and s.c. ceftiofur sodium were: AUC(0→∝) (86.4 ± 8.5 and 91 ± 22 h·μg/mL for i.v. and s.c., respectively), terminal elimination half-life (5.82 ± 1.00 and 5.55 ± 0.81 h for i.v. and s.c., respectively), C(max(obs)) (13 ± 1.9 μg/mL s.c.), T(max(obs)) (0.75 ± 0.4 h for s.c.). Mean (± SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for s.c. ceftiofur crystalline free acid were: AUC(0→∝) (139.53 ± 22.63 h·μg/mL), terminal elimination half-life (39.7 ± 14.7), C(max(obs)) (2.52 ± 0.35 μg/mL) and t(max(obs)) (11.33 ± 1.63 h). No adverse effects attributed to drug administration were observed in any foal. Ceftiofur- and desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolites reached sufficient plasma concentrations to effectively treat common bacterial pathogens isolated from septicemic foals.  相似文献   

16.
A study was conducted to measure concentrations of potentially active ceftiofur derivatives, in plasma, in uterine tissues (endometrium and caruncles) and in uterine secretions at different time points after a single subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur hydrochloride (Excenel RTU Sterile Suspension) at the dose of 1 mg/kg body weight in Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. The animals (n=4) were injected within 24 h of calving, after expulsion of the foetal membranes. Plasma, lochial fluid, caruncles and endometrium were collected before ceftiofur hydrochloride administration and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 h after treatment. For each cow the concentrations of ceftiofur in the biological matrices were quantified using an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. The limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 microg/mL for plasma and 0.1 microg/g for lochial fluid, caruncles and endometrium. The concentrations of potentially active ceftiofur derivatives detected in plasma reached a maximum of 2.85 +/- 1.11 microg/mL at 2 h and decreased to 0.64 +/- 0.14 microg/mL at 24 h after administration. In lochial fluid, these concentrations reached a maximum of 0.97 +/- 0.25 microg/g at 4 h and decreased to 0.22 +/- 0.21 microg/g at 24 h after administration. In endometrium, these concentrations reached a maximum of 2.23 +/- 0.82 microg/g at 4 h and decreased to 0.56 +/- 0.14 microg/g at 24 h following the injection, whereas these levels in caruncles were 0.96 +/- 0.45 and 0.60 +/- 0.39 microg/g obtained at 8 and 24 h, respectively. At the dose of 1 mg/kg body weight in healthy dairy cows, subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur (as ceftiofur hydrochloride) after parturition results in concentrations of ceftiofur derivatives in uterine tissues and in lochial fluid that exceed the reported minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the common pathogens (Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides spp., and Arcanobacterium pyogenes) associated with acute puerperal metritis.  相似文献   

17.
The objective of this study was to compare the plasma pharmacokinetic profile of ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid (CCFA) and ceftiofur sodium in neonatal calves between 4 and 6 days of age. In one group (n = 7), a single dose of CCFA was administered subcutaneously (SQ) at the base of the ear at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg of body weight. In a second group (n = 7), a single dose of ceftiofur sodium was administered SQ in the neck at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg of body weight. Concentrations of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA) in plasma were determined by HPLC. Median time to maximum DCA concentration was 12 h (range 12–48 h) for CCFA and 1 h (range 1–2 h) for ceftiofur sodium. Median maximum plasma DCA concentration was significantly higher for calves given ceftiofur sodium (5.62 μg/mL; range 4.10–6.91 μg/mL) than for calves given CCFA (3.23 μg/mL; range 2.15–4.13 μg/mL). AUC0‐∞ and Vd/F were significantly greater for calves given CCFA than for calves given ceftiofur sodium. The median terminal half‐life of DCA in plasma was significantly longer for calves given CCFA (60.6 h; range 43.5–83.4 h) than for calves given ceftiofur sodium (18.1 h; range 16.7–39.7 h). Cl/F was not significantly different between groups. The duration of time median plasma DCA concentrations remained above 2.0 μg/mL was significantly longer in calves that received CCFA (84.6 h; range 48–103 h) as compared to calves that received ceftiofur sodium (21.7 h; range 12.6–33.6 h). Based on the results of this study, CCFA administered SQ at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg in neonatal calves provided plasma concentrations above the therapeutic target of 2 μg/mL for at least 3 days following a single dose. It is important to note that the use of ceftiofur‐containing products is restricted by the FDA and the use of CCFA in veal calves is strictly prohibited.  相似文献   

18.
The pharmacokinetics of potassium penicillin G were studied in both healthy (n = 8) and experimentally Streptococcus-suis-infected (n = 6) pigs following intramuscular administration (15,000 iu/kg). Streptococcus-suis infection was induced artificially in young cross-bred pigs by subcutaneous inoculation with 9 x 10(8) to 10(9) colony-forming units of S. suis. The rectal temperature of infected pigs was significantly increased (P less than 0.01) before penicillin G injection and this was maintained for 8 h after the drug was given. Other clinical symptoms were also present. The serum concentration-time data for penicillin were found to fit a one-compartment open model with first-order absorption in the two groups of pigs. Significant changes were not observed between healthy and diseased pigs in following parameters: A, Ka, Ke and Tmax. However, in diseased pigs, significant increases (P less than 0.01) were found in Vd and ClB, and significant decreases (P less than 0.01) in Cmax and AUC occurred. The increased body clearance (ClB) and greater apparent volume of distribution (Vd) of penicillin G could partly explain why the serum values of the drug were much lower in diseased pigs than in healthy pigs.  相似文献   

19.
为研究国产和进口硫酸头孢喹肟注射液(7.5%)在猪体内的药代动力学特征和生物等效性,采用双处理、双周期随机交叉试验设计,将20头健康三元杂交猪随机分成2组,按3mg/kg体重分别单剂量肌内注射受试制剂和参比制剂。采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定血浆中头孢喹肟的浓度,利用Win Nonlin6.3软件计算主要药动学参数,并评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果显示,受试制剂和参比制剂的Tmax分别为2.30±0.73h和2.25±0.55h;Cmax分别为2.37±0.34μg/mL和2.45±0.36μg/mL;AUC0-t分别为26.38±2.30μg·h·mL^-1和24.86±2.19μg·h·mL^-1;AUC0-∞分别为26.74±2.34μg·h·mL^-1和25.07±2.20μg·h·mL^-1。硫酸头孢喹肟注射液受试制剂和参比制剂的AUC0-t、AUC0-∞、Cmax、Tmax均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。双单侧t检验结果显示两种制剂生物等效,临床上可相互替代。该试验可为兽医临床合理用药提供参考。  相似文献   

20.
Ceftiofur is a new broad spectrum cephalosporin marketed for the treatment of acute bovine respiratory disease. In this investigation ceftiofur was administered by intramuscular injection, at 24 h intervals, to healthy beef-bred calves for four days at dosages of 2.2 and 4.4 mg/kg of body weight, with 4 wk intervals between dosing regimens. Serum, tissue chamber fluid (TCF), and bronchial secretion (BS) concentrations of ceftiofur were measured by microbiological assay after the first and fourth dose of each dosing regimen. Peak serum concentrations (Cmax) of 8.8 micrograms/mL and 17.3 micrograms/mL were obtained approximately 2 h (Tmax), the time of mean peak concentration) after single injections of 2.2 mg/kg and 4.4 mg/kg, respectively. The Cmax was increased approximately twofold following multiple doses of 2.2 mg/kg (Cmax = 13.1 micrograms/mL) and 4.4 mg/kg (Cmax = 24.1 micrograms/mL). Ceftiofur accumulated slowly into TCF and peak concentrations were found to be approximately 14% of those observed in serum after the first dose and approximately 24% after multiple dosing. Concentrations of ceftiofur in BS were obtained rapidly with peak concentrations reaching 45% of the serum Cmax after the first dose. After multiple dosing the Cmax for BS was approximately 25% of the serum Cmax. This study found that both the 2.2 mg/kg and 4.4 mg/kg dosing regimens resulted in continuous serum, TCF and BS concentrations of ceftiofur that exceeded the minimal concentration required to inhibit the bacteria most frequently isolated from calves with acute bovine respiratory disease.  相似文献   

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