共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
旨在探讨不同猪场来源的饮用水肠球菌对6种抗菌药的耐药情况,了解南平地区猪场水源与饮水器出水在肠球菌耐药表型及耐药谱方面的差异。水样中富集培养肠球菌,通过生化、PCR方法鉴定肠球菌菌株。微量肉汤稀释法开展药物敏感性试验,测定肠球菌对抗菌药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果显示:南平地区11个猪场46株饮用水分离菌对抗菌药的耐药率由高到低分别为:红霉素土霉素氯霉素环丙沙星氨苄西林万古霉素,对前4种药的耐药率分别为:84.78%、76.09%、67.39%和50%,对氨苄西林的耐药率较低,为19.57%,分离出2株耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE),耐药率为4.35%。蓄水池分离菌总体表现为对土霉素、红霉素、氯霉素耐药,耐药率较饮水器饮用水分离菌略低,为72.73%、72.73%、63.64%,对环丙沙星、氨苄西林的耐药显著低于饮水器分离菌,分别为27.27%、9.09%。保育舍饮水器分离菌对所有药物都有更高的耐药率,其次为育肥舍、哺乳舍、怀孕舍饮水器。南平地区11个猪场一共有13种耐药谱,有19株分离菌对4~5种的抗菌药耐药,其中5株来自于保育舍饮水器。水池进水口及蓄水池分离菌的多重耐药率均低于饮水器分离菌,保育舍饮水器多重耐药率最高。研究结果提示,猪场源头饮用水与饮水器饮用水分离菌对抗菌药耐药存在差异,饮水管网内耐药菌的存在可能是主要原因。 相似文献
2.
为研究lsa(E)在猪源肠球菌中的流行情况及传播方式,本研究从广西某猪场分离的56株肠球菌中检测到15株携带多重耐药外排泵基因lsa(E)的肠球菌,利用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)对lsa(E)基因阳性的肠球菌进行亲缘关系分析,并对不同克隆型的菌株进行耐药表型和相关耐药基因型检测,通过Southem杂交定位lsa(E)基因在不同菌株中的位置.PFGE结果显示15株lsa(E)基因阳性的肠球菌共有7种不同的PFGE谱型,表明携带lsa(E)基因的肠球菌在同一猪场存在垂直传播的现象.药物敏感性试验结果显示,7株分离株除对红霉素、四环素、庆大霉素和环丙沙星100％耐药外,对利奈唑胺、氟苯尼考、利福平和左氧氟沙星也具有较高的耐药率,分别为57.1％、85.7％、71.4％和85.7％.耐药基因erm(B),aac(6')-Ⅰe-aph(2")-Ⅰa和aph(3")-Ⅲa的检出率分别为:100％、85.7％和72.4％;Southern杂交结果显示,lsa(E)基因在6株菌中定位于质粒22 kb～54 kb,而在1株菌中定位于染色体.本研究为临床制定合理措施控制lsa(E)快速传播提供依据. 相似文献
3.
宁夏地区牛源肠球菌分离鉴定及耐药性与毒力基因检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医学报》2020,(3)
为了了解宁夏地区牛源肠球菌的耐药性及耐药基因和毒力基因的携带情况,本试验使用显色培养基及PCR法对肠球菌进行分类鉴定;采用药敏纸片琼脂扩散法(K-B法)测定肠球菌对16种抗菌药物的敏感性;最后采用PCR方法对9种相关耐药基因与7种肠球菌毒力基因进行检测并测序。结果显示,在分离鉴定出的255株肠球菌中,屎肠球菌有78株(30.59%),粪肠球菌有53株(21.96%)。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对磺胺异恶唑和杆菌肽耐药率达到了100%;其次是苯唑西林(92.16%)、红霉素(65.88%)、四环素(65.49%)和青霉素(56.86%)。分离菌对万古霉素和利奈唑胺高度敏感,敏感率分别为92.54%与95.29%。耐药基因检测结果显示,氨基糖苷类耐药基因aph(3)′-Ⅲ的检出率最高,为100%;其次是红霉素类耐药基因ermB,为46.27%;未检出耐万古霉素耐药基因VanA、VanB、VanC。已检测的毒力基因明胶酶gelE的携带率最高,为37.60%;其次为心内膜炎抗原efaA,为36.10%。结果表明,宁夏地区牛源肠球菌的多重耐药现象比较严重,应当加以重视。 相似文献
4.
《动物医学进展》2021,42(9)
为了解新疆昌吉地区某规模化猪场不同日龄猪粪源粪肠球菌对被检抗菌药物的耐药性和耐药基因携带情况,指导临床针对不同日龄的猪合理用药。采集不同日龄猪肛拭子样品262份进行粪肠球菌分离鉴定,采用琼脂稀释法进行11种抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度的测定,用PCR进行10种耐药基因的检测。共分离鉴定163株粪肠球菌,分离率62.2%(163/262)。不同日龄猪源粪肠球菌耐药严重程度由高到低依次为保育猪源、妊娠猪源、后备猪源、育肥猪源,对红霉素、四环素、利福平和多西环素的耐药率都高达90.0%以上。保育猪的耐药率最高,对氟苯尼考和利奈唑胺的耐药率高于其他猪源粪肠球菌;妊娠猪对恩诺沙星的耐药率高于其他猪源粪肠球菌。保育猪多药耐药在5～9耐分布,妊娠猪以7耐为主,后备猪以6耐为主,育肥猪以5耐为主。cfr与vanA基因未检出,分离株tetM、aac(6')/aph(2")、aph(3')-Ⅲ、ermB耐药基因的携带率均高于98.7%。此外,检出近年来新发现的恶唑烷酮类耐药基因optrA(13.5%)。该猪场不同日龄粪肠球菌呈现多药耐药率高、耐药谱广、耐药基因携带率高的特点,建议加强抗菌药物的规范使用,结合药敏试验结果,针对不同日龄猪只合理使用抗菌药物。 相似文献
5.
《中国动物传染病学报》2015,(2)
为了解湖南省猪源粪肠球菌临床分离株的耐药性及各耐药基因的分布情况,使用K-B法检测了42株猪源粪肠球菌对11种抗生素的敏感性,采用PCR方法检测了粪肠球菌中8种耐药基因的分布情况。结果显示,湖南省临床分离的42株粪肠球菌对大部分的抗生素高度耐药,对四环素、氯霉素、苯唑青霉素、红霉素、米诺霉素、左氧氟沙星、高浓度庆大霉、高浓度链霉素、环丙沙星、万古霉素、青霉素G的耐药率依次为100%、92.9%、88.1%、83.3%、81%、57.1%、52.4%、47.6%、45.2%、31%、11.9%;耐药基因的检出率为Aac(6)'/aph(2')97.6%、ant(6)'-Ⅰ90%、aph(3)'-Ⅲ76.2%、tet M 90.5%、erm B 73.8%、Van A 4.8%、Van B 54.8%、Van C 88.1%。从表型与基因型共同分析粪肠球菌的耐药性,发现粪肠球菌的多耐药性严重,其耐药表型与耐药基因并不完全一致。 相似文献
6.
为了解不同动物源肠球菌耐药性,试验选用10种常用抗生素,采用统一材料、方法(KB法)和判断标准[美国临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)2007年版]对从5种不同动物源(人、狗、鸡、牛、猪)粪便中分离得到的肠球菌进行耐药性检测。结果表明:共分离得到肠球菌646株,包括人源肠球菌146株、狗源肠球菌138株、鸡源肠球菌128株、牛源肠球菌111株、猪源肠球菌123株;各动物源肠球菌对四环素和利福平耐受性偏高,对青霉素G、万古霉素和高浓度庆大霉素耐受性偏低,其中耐万古霉素肠球菌47株,平均耐药率为7%;各动物源肠球菌的耐药性表现为鸡源肠球菌最强,猪源肠球菌、狗源肠球菌、人源肠球菌次之,牛源肠球菌最低。说明滥用抗生素已造成人和畜禽动物肠球菌较为普遍的耐药,应引起临床及畜禽业高度重视。 相似文献
7.
新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性及相关耐药基因型的分布情况,本试验采用K-B（Kirby-Baller）琼脂扩散法检测了49株猪源粪肠球菌对8种抗菌药物的敏感性,并采用PCR法对9种相关耐药基因进行检测并测序,测序结果与GenBank中的相应基因序列比对。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对链霉素耐药率最高,其次为青霉素和红霉素,对呋喃妥因、氨苄西林高度敏感。PCR检测结果显示,β-内酰胺类耐药基因tem的检出率最高,为93.88%,其次是四环素类耐药基因tetM,为85.71%,喹诺酮类基因gyrA和parC检出率均为42.86%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因aph（3'）-Ⅲ、aac（6'）/aph2″和ant（6'）-Ⅰ的检出率分别为36.73%、16.33%和16.33%,未检出mefA和ermB基因。本试验从表型与基因型分析发现,北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的多重耐药现象非常严重,且其耐药表型与基因型并不完全一致。 相似文献
8.
动物源粪肠球菌对7种抗生素耐药表型及耐药基因检测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为查明动物源(牛、羊、猪、鸡)粪肠球菌分离株对7种常见抗生素的耐药情况(包括耐药表型及相关的耐药基因),采用药敏纸片法、浓度稀释法和VITEK-AMS全自动药敏法3种不同的方法,根据CLSI(2007)判定标准,检测40株分离株的耐药表型;采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,检测分离株中β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药相关基因(TEM)、氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药相关基因(aac(6’)/aph2’’,aph(3’)-Ⅲ,ant(6)-I)、四环素耐药相关基因(tetM)、红霉素耐药相关基因(ermB,mefA)和万古霉素耐药相关基因(vanA,vanB,vanC)。结果表明,分离株对庆大霉素、链霉素、四环素、红霉素、青霉素、阿莫西林表型耐药率分别为:60.0%(24/40),57.5%(23/40),52.5%(21/40),67.5%(27/40),60.0%(24/40),55.0%(22/40),本试验中未发现耐万古霉素粪肠球菌。耐药基因aac(6’)/aph2’’,ant(6)-Ⅰ,aph(3’)-Ⅲ,tetM,ermB,TEM的检出率分别为:55%(22/40),55%(22/40),25.0%(10/40),42.5%(17/40),50.0%(20/40),45.0%(18/40);未检测到mefA,vanA,vanB,vanC基因的菌株。动物源性粪肠球菌多重耐药现象严重,携带抗生素相关耐药基因是导致分离株对抗生素产生耐药的主要原因,从耐药表型和基因型的角度均可证实分离株粪肠球菌具有多重耐药性。 相似文献
9.
新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性及相关耐药基因型的分布情况,本试验采用K-B(Kirby-Baller)琼脂扩散法检测了49株猪源粪肠球菌对8种抗菌药物的敏感性,并采用PCR法对9种相关耐药基因进行检测并测序,测序结果与GenBank中的相应基因序列比对。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对链霉素耐药率最高,其次为青霉素和红霉素,对呋喃妥因、氨苄西林高度敏感。PCR检测结果显示,β-内酰胺类耐药基因tem的检出率最高,为93.88%,其次是四环素类耐药基因tetM,为85.71%,喹诺酮类基因gyrA和parC检出率均为42.86%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因aph(3′)-Ⅲ、aac(6′)/aph2″和ant(6′)-Ⅰ的检出率分别为36.73%、16.33%和16.33%,未检出mefA和ermB基因。本试验从表型与基因型分析发现,北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的多重耐药现象非常严重,且其耐药表型与基因型并不完全一致。 相似文献
10.
11.
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. Since 1989, a rapid increase in the incidence of enterococcal bacteremia and endocarditis by VRE has been reported. The use of avoparcin in animal husbandry is reportedly associated with the appearance of VRE. In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was established to detect and differentiate resistant types of enterococci, which specifically amplify the four van genes that encode vancomycin resistance elements. Using this method, we investigated the incidence rates and types of VRE from two types of farms: those that had used avoparcin and those that had not used avoparcin. A total of 1091 animal fecal samples were collected from 70 pig farms and 32 poultry farms. A total of 425 enterococci were isolated from the fecal samples. Among the 425 isolates, six showed a pattern of high-level vancomycin resistance (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration, MIC: 64-256 microg/ml). Out of six high-level VRE, three were isolated from poultry farms that had used avoparcin and three were not. The six high-level VRE harbored the vanA gene. Sixty-seven of 425 isolates that showed a pattern of low-level vancomycin resistance (MIC: 4-8 microg/ml) were associated with the presence of vanC-1 or vanC-2/3 gene. We also performed a repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) method to compare the genetic relatedness between the high-level VRE of six animal isolates and 31 human isolates. None of the animal isolates had a similar rep-PCR pattern as the human isolates but similarities between human VRE isolates were observed. 相似文献
12.
Ramos S Igrejas G Rodrigues J Capelo-Martinez JL Poeta P 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2012,193(1):301-303
The prevalence of vancomycin resistant-enterococci (VRE) in faecal samples from cattle, sheep and pigs slaughtered for human consumption was evaluated. Enterococci containing the vanA gene were detected in 25.3% and 2.7% of the porcine and ovine samples, respectively, and were identified as Enterococcus faecium. No vanA-containing enterococcal strains were detected in bovine samples. Enterococcal strains with intrinsic vancomycin resistance were detected in seven (9.9%) faecal samples from pigs and in two samples from both cattle and sheep (3.7% and 2.7%, respectively). All vanA-positive isolates from pigs were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin, and the mobile element Tn916/Tn1545-like transposon was detected in 90.5% of the tetracycline-resistant isolates that contained the tet(M) gene. Although gelatinase and haemolytic activity were not detected, the hyl and cylB virulence genes were found within the VRE strains isolated. 相似文献
13.
Ghidán A Kaszanyitzky EJ Dobay O Nagy K Amyes SG Rozgonyi F 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2008,56(1):13-25
The presence of the vanA gene was determined in enterococci from healthy poultry, originating from the Hungarian resistance monitoring system between 2001 and 2004. Enterococci (n = 562) were collected from intestinal samples of slaughtered broiler chickens. The presence of van genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) strains carried only the vanA gene. Genus- and species-level identification of the vanA gene carrier strains was carried out by PCR using specific primers. In 2001, 25 out of the 289 isolated strains (8.6%) were vanA carriers (1 Enterococcus mundtii, 13 E. durans and 11 E.faecium). In 2002 (n = 87), 20 (23%) strains were vanA positive (11 E. durans and 9 E. faecium). In 2003 and 2004, none of the strains (n = 95 and 91, respectively) were positive for the most common van genes. In 2003, there was only one strain for which higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of vancomycin (4 mg/L) and teicoplanin (8 mg/L) were found. In 2004 there were three strains for which the MIC of vancomycin was 8 mg/L, and 2 strains and 1 strain with teicoplanin MICs of 4 mg/L and 8 mg/L, respectively. The potential similarity of these strains was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The VRE strains were not closely related to one another. The annual data of vancomycin resistance indicate an association between the recovery of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the use of avoparcin in animal feeds. This study indicates that with the reduced use of antibiotics in food animals, it is possible to decrease the rate of resistant bacteria. Although the use of avoparcin had been banned in 1998, the VRE strains disappeared only five years later. 相似文献
14.
Leena Sahlstr?m Verena Rehbinder Ann Albihn Anna Aspan Bj?rn Bengtsson 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2009,51(1):24
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat in veterinary medicine and human healthcare. Resistance genes can spread from animals, through the food-chain, and back to humans. Sewage sludge may act as the link back from humans to animals. The main aims of this study were to investigate the occurrence of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in treated sewage sludge, in a Swedish waste water treatment plant (WWTP), and to compare VRE isolates from sewage sludge with isolates from humans and chickens.Methods
During a four month long study, sewage sludge was collected weekly and cultured for VRE. The VRE isolates from sewage sludge were analysed and compared to each other and to human and chicken VRE isolates by biochemical typing (PhenePlate), PFGE and antibiograms.Results
Biochemical typing (PhenePlate-FS) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed prevalence of specific VRE strains in sewage sludge for up to 16 weeks. No connection was found between the VRE strains isolated from sludge, chickens and humans, indicating that human VRE did not originate from Swedish chicken.Conclusion
This study demonstrated widespread occurrence of VRE in sewage sludge in the studied WWTP. This implies a risk of antimicrobial resistance being spread to new farms and to the society via the environment if the sewage sludge is used on arable land. 相似文献15.
Background
Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) in Swedish broiler production has been shown to persist at farms between batches. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the possibility to eliminate VRE by disinfection of compartments in broiler houses as a proof of concept.Findings
VRE could not be detected in environmental samples from the disinfected test compartments in the broiler houses but was detected in environmental samples from the control compartments. The proportion of broilers colonized with VRE decreased in both the test and the control compartments.Conclusions
The results are promising and show that the occurrence of VRE in broiler houses can be reduced by adequate cleaning and disinfection with a combination of steam and formaldehyde. 相似文献16.
K Taniguchi K Taniguchi T Arai K Ogawa 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》1992,54(5):1007-1016
Histochemical activities of several enzymes were investigated in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO) of the golden hamster. Activities of adenosine triphosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase were intense in the OE, and the sensory (VSE) and respiratory epithelium (VRE) of the VNO. The activity of acid phosphatase was intense in both the OE and the VSE, while that of non-specific esterase was intense in the VSE alone. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was detectable only in the VRE. Activities of monoamine oxidase and acetylcholine esterase were negative in all of the OE, VSE and VRE. These similarities and differences in the histochemical distribution of enzymes between OE and VSE may reflect the common olfactory function and/or functional specialization in these epithelia. On the other hand, the VRE was considerably different from the OE and VSE in the enzymatic distribution. This may reflect the non-olfactory function of this epithelium. 相似文献
17.
Fecal samples from poultry on farms established after the ban of avoparcin (study farms) and from poultry on farms previously exposed to avoparcin (control farms) were examined for the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The samples were collected during the autumn and winter of 2001-2002. One isolate from each positive sample was selected, identified to species level, and examined for the presence of the vanA gene. The concentration of VRE and generic enterococci in the samples were also determined. In addition, the susceptibility to the ionophoric coccidiostat narasin was examined in a number of enterococcal isolates from poultry and in some enterococci of porcine origin that had not been exposed to narasin. VanA-type VRE was detected in samples from 64% of the study farms and 96% of the control farms. However, the concentration of VRE in the control samples was about six times larger than in the samples from the study farms. The minimum inhibitory concentration values for narasin differed between the poultry (1-4 mg/liter) and the porcine (0.25-0.5 mg/liter) isolates, indicating a decreased susceptibility towards narasin among enterococci from poultry. 相似文献
18.
M. J. N. Gordoncillo S. Donabedian P. C. Bartlett M. Perri M. Zervos R. Kirkwood C. Febvay 《Zoonoses and public health》2013,60(5):319-326
In 2008, we identified vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) in Michigan swine, which was the first report of VRE in livestock from North America. Continued sampling in 2009 and 2010 was conducted to determine whether VRE persisted in Michigan. In 2009, swine faecal and feed samples (n = 56), county fair pig barn manure samples (n = 9) and pooled Michigan State Fair pig barn manure samples (n = 18) were screened for VRE. In 2010, swine faecal samples were collected from 26 county fairs (n = 73) and nine commercial swine farms in six states (n = 28). Recovered VRE isolates were molecularly evaluated by polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), S1 nuclease digestion and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Six VRE isolates were identified in 2009 from the State Fair, and another six (8.2%) were recovered from the five county fairs in 2010. All 12 isolates were highly related to the first‐reported VRE from Michigan swine: all were confirmed to be vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREf) carrying vanA gene on Tn1546 (Type D), were negative for IS1251, hyl and esp gene, carried a 150–160 kb megaplasmid, and have closely similar PFGE patterns with >80% similarity. Classified as ST5, ST6 or ST185 by MLST, all belong to the clonal complex 5, a strain recognized to be circulating among European pigs. This study reveals that VREf are widespread in Michigan swine and persist in the historical absence of the use of agricultural glycopeptides. 相似文献
19.
仔猪早期断奶腹泻是困扰养猪业的严重问题,随着饲用抗生素作为饲料添加剂的禁止使用,寻求能够替代抗生素的新的生长促进剂成为研究的热点。益生肠球菌主要应用于医疗保健行业,研究主要集中在粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)和屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium),有关益生肠球菌作为饲料添加剂在动物饲料中的应用也逐渐引起了人们的关注,对其作用机制及有效包被技术的研究已取得了一些进展。通过介绍益生肠球菌在动物饲养,尤其是断奶仔猪中的应用现状和存在问题,以亟为该领域的研究提供参考。 相似文献
20.
In this study, vancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE) from humans and vancomycin‐resistant gram‐positive cocci (VRPC) from pigs were examined for their ability to transmit in the chick intestine (Experiment 1). A model study on the spread speed of VRPC was also estimated from chick to chick under semi‐production conditions with different administration routes (not inoculated, oral administration to a chick, sprayed on the floor) (Experiment 2). Furthermore, the disappearance of VRPC from their litter with composting processes was examined (Experiment 3). Each of six chicks was inoculated with VRPC or VRE at 1 day old in Experiment 1. All the chicks had VRPC or VRE in their glandular stomach at 22 days of age. In Experiment 2, 6 floor pens covered with sawdust were prepared and 20 chicks were allotted to each pen. The chicks were inoculated with VRPC at 1 day of age. The VRPC were detected in each group in cloacal swabs at 2 days of age (detection rate; 20–80%). And they were also detected in the not‐inoculated group. The VRPC detection rate gradually decreased, and detection was rare (0–10%) in the packing chicks (50 days old). VRPC were detected in the litter of each pen in Experiment 2. A composting process was effectively used to eliminate VRPC by the 6th week (Experiment 3). 相似文献