共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
Jack PJ Amos-Ritchie RN Reverter A Palacios G Quan PL Jabado O Briese T Lipkin WI Boyle DB 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,133(1-2):145-153
Definitive diagnosis of vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals presents challenges both for veterinary clinicians and diagnostic laboratories. It is often impossible to diagnose the causative disease agent on a clinical basis alone and difficult to collect ample vesicular epithelium samples. Due to restrictions of time and sample size, once laboratory tests have ruled out foot-and-mouth disease, vesicular stomatitis and swine vesicular disease a definitive diagnosis may remain elusive. With the ability to test a small quantity of sample for a large number of pathogens simultaneously, DNA microarrays represent a potential solution to this problem. This study describes the application of a long oligonucleotide microarray assay to the identification of viruses known to cause vesicular or vesicular-like lesions in livestock animals. Eighteen virus isolates from cell culture were successfully identified to genus level, including representatives of each foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype, two species of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), swine vesicular disease virus, vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV), bovine herpesvirus 1, orf virus, pseudocowpox virus, bluetongue virus serotype 1 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1. VSV and VESV were also identified in vesicular epithelium samples, with varying levels of sensitivity. The results indicate that with further development this microarray assay could be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of vesicular and vesicular-like diseases. 相似文献
2.
Vesicular Stomatitis 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
G. J. LETCHWORTH L. L. RODRIGUEZ J. DEL CBARRERA 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》1999,157(3):239-260
Vesicular stomatitis is a disease of livestock caused by some members of the Vesiculovirus genus (Family Rhabdoviridae), two of which are called 'vesicular stomatitis virus'. Clinical disease presents as severe vesiculation and/or ulceration of the tongue, oral tissues, feet, and teats, and results in substantial loss of productivity. Except for its appearance in horses, it is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease. Unlike foot-and-mouth disease, it is very infectious for man and can cause a temporarily debilitating disease. Vesicular stomatitis occurs seasonally every year in the southeastern USA, southern Mexico, throughout Central America and in northern South America, and emerges from tropical areas to cause sporadic epidemics in cooler climates during the summer months. Other Vesiculoviruses are endemic in India and Africa. Vesiculoviruses are arthropod-borne and it is possible they are actually well adapted insect viruses that incidentally infect mammals.Vesiculoviruses are relatively simple, having a linear, single stranded, negative sense RNA genome encased in a bullet-shaped virion made from only five proteins. Upon infection of cultured cells, viral products turn off cellular gene expression and seize the entire metabolic potential of the cell. They also depolymerize the cytoskeleton to cause rapid tissue destruction. Virus infection in animals provokes interferon and nitric oxide responses, which quickly control viral replication, and an antibody response that prevents further viral replication.Vesiculovirus genome replication is error-prone, resulting in viral progeny containing many variants. This allows rapid adaptation. Nevertheless, vesicular stomatitis virus genomic sequences appear relatively stable within single endemic areas, and vary progressively on a North-South axis in the Western Hemisphere.Numerous important fundamental discoveries in immunology and virology have come from recent studies of vesicular stomatitis virus. However, these discoveries have not led to a safe and fully effective vaccine for man or beast. In the absence of a vaccine, the continual increase in rapid intercontinental travel, the increase in numbers and concentration of susceptible animals, the plasticity of the viral genome, and the underappreciation of vesiculoviruses as veterinary and zoonotic pathogens by regulators and biomedical researchers, are combining with potentially explosive consequences. 相似文献
3.
McFadden AM Wang J Mackereth GF Clough RR Loth LH Vermunt JJ King CM Alley MR 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2007,55(4):198-202
CASE HISTORY: Veterinarians from the Investigation and Diagnostic Centre (IDC), Wallaceville, New Zealand, investigated a novel vesicular disease in a 397-cow dairy herd, characterised by erosive stomatitis. CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: The investigation commenced with a report of erosive stomatitis in four dairy cows. The herd was examined that day and 30/397 (8%) adult cows were found to be affected. Two weeks later, the oral cavity of 180 cows from one management group were re-examined, and it was estimated that 80% of this group had healing erosive lesions. During the course of the investigation, intact vesicles were observed on the muzzle of two affected animals. None of the affected animals was systemically ill and there was no decrease in milk production. DIAGNOSIS: No infectious aetiological agent was detected using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), electron microscopy (EM) and serological tests, for any exotic infectious vesicular disease or any endemic cause of vesicular disease. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lesions of erosive stomatitis occurring in cattle must be differentiated from vesicular disease during exotic disease investigations. 相似文献
4.
In 1999, 10 sporadic outbreaks of cattle foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) occurred in Taiwan. By the time, infection was limited to the Chinese yellow cattle (a native species of beef cattle in Mainland China), which did not develop vesicular lesions under field conditions. Five viruses isolates obtained from individual farms were confirmed to be the serotype O FMD virus (O/Taiwan/1999). During January-February 2000, however, this virus has spread to dairy cattle and goat herds, causing severe mortality in goat kids and vesicular lesions in dairy cattle. Partial nucleotide sequence of the capsid coding gene 1D (VP1) was determined for the virus isolates obtained in this study. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 sequences indicated that the O/Taiwan/1999 viruses shared 95-97% similarities to the virus strains isolated from the Middle East and India. The species susceptibility of the O/Taiwan/1999 virus was experimentally studied in several species of susceptible animals, showing that the virus did cause generalized lesions in dairy cattle and pigs, however, it would not cause vesicular lesions on the Chinese yellow cattle and the adult goats. These studies suggested that the O/Taiwan/1999 virus was a novel FMD virus of Taiwan and it presented various levels of susceptibility in cattle species. 相似文献
5.
P. Boulanger D. P. Gray H. C. Gibbs D. A. Murphy 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1968,32(2):425-429
Animals' sera collected on Easter Island from December 1964 to February 1965 were tested by appropriate methods for the presence of antibodies to various infections. These included, ornithosis, Q-fever, brucellosis, Johne's disease, leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis and vesicular stomatitis viruses. It appeared that the cattle and sheep were exposed to the ornithosis group of agents. The sheep were also exposed to toxoplasmosis. The low-grade reactions observed on the cattle sera with the leptospira and brucella antigens were not sufficient to indicate past infection. All sera tested with Q-fever and Johne's disease antigens gave negative reactions. The results suggested that neither strain of vesicular stomatitis virus had yet been introduced into this restricted animal population. 相似文献
6.
水泡性口炎(Vesicular Stomatitis,VS)是由水泡性口炎病毒(Vesicular Stomatitisvirus,VSV)引起马、牛和猪的一种重要的传染病。临床表现为口腔粘膜、乳房和蹄部冠状带皮肤出现水泡和溃疡。VSV感染牛和猪时,在临床症状上极易与口蹄疫(FMD)、猪水泡病(SVD)、猪水泡疹(VES)混淆。且能够感染人。被国际兽疫局(OIE)列为A类传染病。因此,对VSV致病机理的研究有着重要的社会经济和公共卫生意义。本文从病原及其分子生物学特点、分布与生态学以及致病机理三个方面对水泡性口炎的研究进展进行综述。 相似文献
7.
Kaleta EF 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,109(9):391-399
Ruminants and pigs are the dominant natural hosts of food-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses. Approximately 70 additional mammalian species are found to be susceptible under natural or experimental conditions. Reptilia, amphibia, and fish are probably naturally resistant to infection. According to the reviewed literature, domestic birds (chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, ducks and geese) have been experimentally infected with some strains of FMD viruses and may develop lesions suggestive of FMD such as vesicular lesions on the comb, wattles, eye lids, and feet. Since chickens are to some extent coprophagous, chickens get infected by ingestion of virus under conditions of natural exposure or their plumage gets contaminated in an infectious environment. Thus, domestic birds kept in free-run systems may serve as virus vectors for short distances. Free-living birds, especially starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), sea gulls (Larus canus), house-sparrows (Passer domesticus) have been successfully experimentally infected and developed vesicular lesions on the skin and mucosal membranes of the mouth. During epizootics of FMD the plumage of these free-living birds can be contaminated with FMD viruses and the virus is spread over long distances during migration periods in spring and autumn. Thus migrating birds may assume an active role in long distance dissemination of FMD viruses. 相似文献
8.
Chen TH Lee F Lin YL Dekker A Chung WB Pan CH Jong MH Huang CC Lee MC Tsai HJ 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(8):977-984
The presence of serum antibodies for nonstructural proteins of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can differentiate FMDV-infected animals from vaccinated animals. In this study, a sandwich ELISA was developed for rapid detection of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) antibodies; it was based on an Escherichia coli-expressed, highly conserved region of the 3ABC nonstructural protein of the FMDV O/TW/99 strain and a monoclonal antibody derived from the expressed protein. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 98.4%, and the diagnostic specificity was 100% for na?ve and vaccinated pigs; the detection ability of the assay was comparable those of the PrioCHECK and UBI kits. There was 97.5, 93.4 and 66.6% agreement between the results obtained from our ELISA and those obtained from the PrioCHECK, UBI and CHEKIT kits, respectively. The kappa statistics were 0.95, 0.87 and 0.37, respectively. Moreover, antibodies for nonstructural proteins of the serotypes A, C, Asia 1, SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 were also detected in bovine sera. Furthermore, the absence of cross-reactions generated by different antibody titers against the swine vesicular disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was also highlighted in this assay's specificity. 相似文献
9.
Use of a portable real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Callahan JD Brown F Osorio FA Sur JH Kramer E Long GW Lubroth J Ellis SJ Shoulars KS Gaffney KL Rock DL Nelson WM 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2002,220(11):1636-1642
10.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in South American camelids, in dromedaries and Bactrians is reviewed. Recent well-executed experimental studies in New World camels indicate that, although the llama and alpaca can be infected with FMD virus (FMDV) by direct contact, they are not very susceptible and do not pose a risk in transmitting FMD to susceptible animal species. They do not become FMDV carriers. Reports on FMD in dromedaries are, however, conflicting. Serological investigations in Africa and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) on thousands of camel sera were negative and experimental infections have been conducted on only a few dromedaries with one serotype and in one country. The design and execution of most of these experiments were poor and therefore the conclusions are questionable. From these investigations, it seems that dromedaries can contract the disease after experimental infection and through close contact with FMD diseased livestock, but do not present a risk in transmitting FMD to susceptible animals. They do not become FMDV carriers. Recent reports from Mongolia describe similar FMD lesions in Bactrian camels. However, so far no samples have tested positive for FMD. To clarify the situation in Bactrians, samples from suspected clinical cases should be tested because other viral vesicular diseases cannot be distinguished from FMD. Thus, further research on the epidemiology of FMD in camelids is necessary. This would include large-scale serological investigations and experimental infections with different FMD serotypes in connection with susceptible contact animals. The Office International des Epizooties (OIE) Code chapter on FMD includes camelids as being susceptible species to FMD, giving the impression that they are similar to cattle, sheep, goats and pigs in their potential involvement in the epidemiology of FMD. This is clearly not the case, and this issue should be re-addressed by the relevant authorities. 相似文献
11.
Sera from more than 100 alpacas (Lama pacos) from the Peruvian southern sierra were examined for antibodies to 8 viruses known to infect other domestic animals. On the basis of these serologic findings and previously published serologic or clinical data, it is now known that the alpaca can be infected with the following viruses: parainfluenza-3, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, bluetongue virus, border disease virus, influenza A virus, rotavirus, rabies virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and contagious ecthyma virus. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is an arthropod-borne pathogen that causes an often fatal, hemorrhagic disease in ruminants. Different BTV serotypes occur throughout many temperate and tropical regions of the world. In 2006, BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) emerged in Central and Northern Europe for the first time. Although this outbreak was eventually controlled using inactivated virus vaccines, the epidemic caused significant economic losses not only from the disease in livestock but also from trade restrictions. To date, BTV vaccines that allow simple serological discrimination of infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA) have not been approved for use in livestock. In this study, we generated recombinant RNA replicon particles based on single-cycle vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectors. Immunization of sheep with infectious VSV replicon particles expressing the outer capsid VP2 protein of BTV-8 resulted in induction of BTV-8 serotype-specific neutralizing antibodies. After challenge with a virulent BTV-8 strain, the vaccinated animals neither developed signs of disease nor showed viremia. In contrast, immunization of sheep with recombinant VP5 - the second outer capsid protein of BTV - did not confer protection. Discrimination of infected from vaccinated animals was readily achieved using an ELISA for detection of antibodies against the VP7 antigen. These data indicate that VSV replicon particles potentially represent a safe and efficacious vaccine platform with which to control future outbreaks by BTV-8 or other serotypes, especially in previously non-endemic regions where discrimination between vaccinated and infected animals is crucial. 相似文献
15.
Amass SF Pacheco JM Mason PW Schneider JL Alvarez RM Clark LK Ragland D 《The Veterinary record》2003,153(5):137-140
The most effective method of containing an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is by the culling of livestock. However, qualified people must diagnose the disease before the culling can begin, and they must avoid susceptible animals after having been in contact with infected premises, to prevent them from transmitting the virus. To test the effectiveness of biosecurity procedures in preventing the transmission of FMD virus (O/UK/35/2001) investigators contacted and sampled pigs inoculated with FMD virus for approximately 45 minutes and then contacted and sampled sentinel pigs and sheep after either using no biosecurity procedures, or washing their hands and donning clean outerwear, or showering and donning clean outerwear. The virus was detected in the nasal secretions of one investigator immediately after the postmortem investigation of the inoculated pigs but was not detected in samples collected between approximately 12 and 84 hours later. After the contaminated personnel had showered and changed into clean outerwear they did not transmit the strain of FMD virus to susceptible pigs and sheep. 相似文献
16.
Developments in diagnostic techniques for differentiating infection from vaccination in foot-and-mouth disease 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically significant disease of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and wild ruminant species. The FMD virus genome encodes a unique polyprotein from which the different viral polypeptides are cleaved by viral proteases, including eight different non-structural proteins (NSPs). Both structural and non-structural antigens induce the production of antibodies in infected animals. In contrast, vaccinated animals which have not been exposed to replicating virus will develop antibodies only to the viral antigens in the inactivated material. Vaccination against FMD is a key element in the control of the disease in addition to slaughter and movement restrictions. However, countries that vaccinate in the event of an outbreak will have to re-establish their FMD free status to the satisfaction of their trading partners.Because currently available vaccines stimulate the production of antibodies indistinguishable from those produced by infected animals in response to live virus and because vaccinated animals can be infected and become carriers of FMD virus, efforts have been made to develop diagnostic test that can differentiate vaccinated animals from those that are convalescent and from those that have been vaccinated and become carriers following subsequent contact with live virus. Currently the detection of antibodies to non-structural protein's (NSPs) is the preferred diagnostic method to distinguish virus infected, carrier, animals from vaccinated animals. However this is currently only possible at the herd level because of the great variability in the initiation, specificity and duration of the immune response in individual animals to the NSPs shown in many studies. Considerable effort and attention is now being directed toward the development of new methods and techniques for the rapid and accurate detection of anti-NSP antibodies, harmonization and standardization of current diagnostic techniques, as well as the production of defined reagents. 相似文献
17.
应用实时荧光定量TaqMan RT-PCR检测口蹄疫病毒 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
按照口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)聚合酶3D基因序列,设计合成了引物和探针,经各反应务件的优化,建立了实时荧光定量RT-PcR技术,对细胞培养物、水泡液、水泡皮及分泌物、血液中的FMDV进行了特异性检测和敏感性试验。结果,用300nmol／L的引物浓度和200nmol／L探针浓度,获得的CT值较小,而△Rn最大;可检测到相当于9．1TCID50的病毒RNA;与VSV和其他水泡性病毒不发生交叉反应;制作的标准曲线中各浓度范围内有极好的线性关系,且线性范围宽,相关系数为0．984;组内和组间试验重复性的变异系数(CV)分别为5．4％和6．7％;与常规RT-PCR相比较,该方法具有快速、特异、敏感、可定量,并可同时检测大量样品等优点。 相似文献
18.
In an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) it is important to identify animals at risk from airborne virus. Investigations have been carried out over the years to determine the dose required to infect cattle, sheep and pigs by the intranasal route. This paper reviews the results of investigations for animals which have been infected by instillation or spraying a virus suspension into the nostrils or by exposure to affected animals through a mask or by indirect contact. The lowest doses were found by use of a mask. With virus from affected pigs given through a mask, doses of 18 infectious units (IU) in cattle and 8 IU in sheep were found to cause infection and give rise to lesions. Overall, cattle required the least amount of virus followed by sheep. Pigs required a dose of 22 IU to cause infection and a dose of 125 IU to give rise to lesions. In many experiments pigs failed to become infected. With all three species the dose varied with the individual animal and the virus strain. For modelling previous outbreaks and in real time, a dose of 8 IU or 10 and 50% infectious doses (ID50) could be used where cattle and sheep were involved. Experience in the field, combined with the results from experiments involving natural infection, indicate that pigs are not readily infected by the intranasal route. However, for modelling purposes a dose of about 25 IU should be used with care. Investigations are needed to determine doses for virus strains currently in circulation around the world. In addition, the nature of the aerosol droplets needs to be analysed to determine how the respective amounts of infective and non-infective virus particles, host components and, in later emissions, the presence of antibody affect the survival in air and ability to infect the respiratory tract. Further work is also required to correlate laboratory and field findings through incorporation of the doses into modelling the virus concentration downwind in order that those responsible for controlling FMD are provided with the best available assessment of airborne spread. Finally, the doses found for infection by the intranasal route could be applied to other methods of spread where virus is inhaled to assess risk. 相似文献
19.
During the epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in The Netherlands in 2001, a sheep farm was identified that had been subclinically infected with the disease. The FMD virus genome was detected in 12 of 16 probang samples collected from the sheep and the virus was isolated from four of these samples. Linear defects were observed, 1 to 3 cm from the coronary band, in the hooves of several of the sheep. The defects were thought to have been caused by the FMD infection. It was thought that the distance of the defects from the coronary band might be an indication of the time since the animals had been infected. To determine the growth rate of the claws of sheep, the growth of the hoof horn of uninfected lambs and ewes was measured; in the lambs the growth rate was 0.44 mm per day and in the ewes it was 0.29 mm per day. 相似文献
20.
Caliciviruses: an overview. 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Several caliciviruses are known to cause diseases in animal and man. Amongst them are vesicular exanthema virus of swine (VESV), feline calicivirus, rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), and Norwalk and Sapporo-like viruses; the latter viruses cause gastroenteritis in man. In this paper, an overview of caliciviruses is presented, with particular emphasis on the molecular aspects. The unique properties as compared to other related families of positive-stranded RNA viruses will be discussed. Many findings about the molecular biology of caliciviruses came from systems that are difficult to work with, such as RHDV, which can thus far only be propagated either in animals or in primary rabbit hepatocyte cultures. Therefore, the review will concentrate on RHDV. 相似文献