共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
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在规模化养猪业快速发展的同时产生了大量臭气,影响周围居民生活环境,危害人畜健康。目前,规模化猪场臭气治理技术主要集中在饲养管理技术、营养技术与集中收集处理技术。作者查阅了大量文献,联系实际生产,分析了臭气的主要成分、生成途径及臭气产生的主要影响因素,着重描述了氨气、硫化氢和粪臭素的危害;介绍了低蛋白质饲粮、低硫饲粮、低可发酵碳水化合物饲粮和不同类型的饲料添加剂对猪场臭气产生的影响,并将其对猪肠道臭气产生的控制机制进行了简要归纳;提出了改进饲养管理方法和智能收集处理系统对猪舍内臭气扩散过程的控制;概述了猪舍末端气体、固体和液体污染物的臭气集中管控处理技术,并对源头减排、过程控制、末端治理综合除臭技术的应用及臭气减排智能化管控技术进行了展望,旨在为规模化猪场臭气减排提供参考。 相似文献
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1猪场恶臭产生的影响猪场恶臭是养猪中产生的有害废气,含有大量的氨、硫化物等有毒有害成分,污染养猪场及周围空气,影响猪场员工和周边居民的身心健康。2成分引起猪场恶臭的物质经鉴定有160种以上化合物。包括多种挥发性有机酸类、醇类、醛类、碳酰类、酯类、胺类、硫化物、硫醇、氨、二氧化氮、二氧化硫以及含氮杂环类物质。其中主要有四大类化合物:挥发性脂肪酸,酚类化合物,吲哚,沼气。养猪场中的恶臭是由许多单一的臭气物质复合作用生成的。3猪场恶臭的来源猪体的体味及栏舍上的气味与粪便污染是养猪场恶臭的最初来源。猪粪中散发的气体… 相似文献
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集约化猪场臭气产生及调控技术研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
REN Guang-zhi LI Xin-jian College of Animal Husbandry Veterinary Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou LIU Chuan-chuan Xuchang Bureau of Animal Husbandry Xuchang 《家畜生态》2007,(5)
集约化猪场的污染物除了粪、尿以外,还有臭气。本文主要综述了集约化猪场臭气的产生、危害以及消除臭气的各种调控技术,为猪场的生产、环境的净化等提供理论指导。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2004,13(1):146-148
Recent expansion of the broiler industry in Texas resulted in an opportunity to experience and mitigate a number of nuisance and odor issues related to broiler production. For the sake of this discussion, the participants in these issues are divided into 3 groups: the poultry industry; the nonpoultry citizenry; and government, regulatory, and educational agencies. Establishment of a broiler complex in an area with little exposure to commercial poultry production resulted in a concerned nonpoultry citizenry. This was often exacerbated by misinformation, external influences, and poor communications, resulting in a less-than-optimum level of trust between the nonpoultry citizenry and the poultry industry. Early in the process, the poultry industry attempted to provide information and open communication with the nonpoultry citizenry; however, establishment of bias within the nonpoultry citizenry eroded trust and cooperation to the point that effective communication was difficult. Throughout this period, government, regulatory, and educational agencies were involved in investigations of complaints, facilitation of communication, and development of policy. Over a 2-yr period these activities resulted in a special legislative appropriation to investigate odor and nuisance issues related to broiler production. This investigation and other agency activities resulted in the development of regulatory policy that required all broiler producers to develop comprehensive nutrient management plans. Although these plans are primarily concerned with water quality and environmental issues, the nonpoultry citizenry was willing to accept this step as a means to assure that poultry facilities would be operated in compliance with best management practices. As a result, the poultry industry now had specific policy and guidelines for dealing with environmental issues, and the nonpoultry citizenry had assurance that the broiler operations would be held to a standard of operation. At this time, the level of communication and trust between all parties is greatly improved. 相似文献
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本研究利用不同秸秆覆盖,并辅助喷洒EM菌剂处理来观察鸡粪氨气排放的影响,并在现场进行鸡粪恶臭强度评估.采用单因子设计,分为10个处理组,单独鸡粪组为对照A组,鸡粪+菌剂组为B组,其它C～J组分别选取不同材料,包括锯末、麦秸、玉米秸、细沙土等,按鸡粪重量的5％比例来覆盖,一些组另外辅助喷洒EM菌剂进行处理.定期测定各组氨气、二氧化碳质量浓度连续5d.设计调查表,邀请12名有关专家根据嗅觉来赋值的方法进行恶臭强度现场评估.结果表明,和对照组相比,采用秸秆材料尤其是麦秸覆盖后各组氨气质量浓度显著下降(P＜0.05),但二氧化碳质量浓度各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).经过12名专家现场评估,认为采用麦秸覆盖组恶臭强度最低,而辅助喷洒EM菌剂对恶臭强度的影响效果不一致. 相似文献
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本研究观察了利用秸秆覆盖对鸡舍氨气排放以及舍内环境恶臭影响效果.包括2个试验:试验一为实验室模拟,试验二为鸡舍现场测试.试验一分为11个组,鸡粪为对照组,另外分别选取不同类型秸秆材料覆盖鸡粪表面作为处理组,定期测定鸡粪氨气质量浓度,连续6d.结果表明,采用秸秆材料覆盖后各组氨气质量浓度均显著下降(P<0.05),尤其在覆盖初期.从全程来看,经过覆盖后氨气质量浓度始终保持在26mg/m3以下的组为麦秸末组,其次为玉米秸秆末组等.试验二选择在两栋建筑类型一致的肉鸡舍进行,网上平养,每舍3900只9日龄肉鸡.试验鸡舍网下地面采用不清粪、每两天覆盖一薄层玉米秸秆方式,而对照组鸡舍采用每两天清一次粪、不覆盖方式,试验开始两舍环境温度保持在33～35℃,之后连续对比测定环境指标9 d.结果表明,单独秸秆覆盖第1～4天试验鸡舍NH3和CO2质量浓度总体趋势低于对照组鸡舍(P>0.05);第5天开始利用秸秆覆盖并且辅助喷洒微生态茵液,试验组鸡舍NH3和CO2质量浓度与对照组鸡舍相比差异仍不显著(P>0.05),但均低于国家规定的26mg/m3标准.说明现场采用秸秆覆盖鸡粪方式来减少鸡舍氨气排放和环境影响效果,还受到多种因素的影响有待今后进一步深入研究. 相似文献
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降低肉鸡氮磷排放量和粪中有害气体散发量的饲料配制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文旨在探讨降低肉鸡氮磷排放量和粪中有害气体散发量的饲料配制技术。选用288只1日龄AA肉公鸡,随机分成3个处理组,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复16只鸡。试验饲粮分别为:(1)玉米-普通豆粕饲粮作为对照组(含抗生素);(2)低磷、低蛋白玉米-去皮豆粕基础饲粮(不含抗生素)中添加0.2 g/kg植酸酶和0.5 g/kg复合酶,设为试验饲粮Ⅰ;(3)在试验饲粮Ⅰ中添加0.3%果寡糖和0.1%益生素,设为试验饲粮Ⅱ。结果表明:(1)饲喂试验饲粮肉鸡的增重速度达到甚至高于对照组;(2)试验饲粮有增加采食量和降低料重比的趋势,但与对照组差异均不显著(P>0.05);(3)试验饲粮Ⅰ使氮和磷排放量分别降低37.05%(P<0.05)和23.70%(P<0.05),试验饲粮Ⅱ使氮、磷排放量分别降低41.05%(P<0.05)和33.94%(P<0.05);(4)试验饲粮Ⅰ使发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量分别降低56.76%(P<0.05)和45.76%(P<0.05),试验饲粮Ⅱ使发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量分别降低80.04%(P<0.05)和64.37%(P<0.05)。饲喂添加植酸酶和复合酶及果寡糖和益生素的低磷、低蛋白玉米-去皮豆粕饲粮,在保证生产性能不低于饲喂玉米-普通豆粕饲粮肉鸡的基础上,可有效降低其氮磷排放量和粪中有害气体散发量。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2004,13(3):500-508
Odors from broiler production facilities are the consequence of odorant molecules produced by microbial activity in the litter. The impact of odor on the public can be evaluated by the frequency, intensity, duration, and offensiveness of the odors. Currently, much of the work reported in the scientific literature is directed toward measurement of odor intensity by determination of the odor concentration through threshold olfactometry. Several researchers have reported values for odor concentration in or near broiler production facilities, ranging from 80 to 2,000 odor units, and some researchers have reported odor emission rates. This paper briefly reviews measurement methods for odor concentration and intensity, summarizes the values reported in the literature for odor concentration for broiler houses, discusses the relationship between odor concentration measurements and odor intensity, and reviews the literature to determine if a correlation between odor concentration and ammonia and dust emissions exists. 相似文献
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本试验旨在探究不同膻味水平舍饲肉羊肾周脂肪代谢组学特征。试验分为4组，每组15只小尾寒羊羔羊，其中各试验组分别饲喂沙葱粉（AMR）、沙葱水提物（AWE）及沙葱醇提物（AFE），对照组（CK）饲喂基础饲粮。试验结束后从各组中随机选择6只羊屠宰，采集背部皮下脂肪、尾部脂肪、肾周脂肪和大网膜脂肪样品，检测4-烷基支链脂肪酸（BCFA）的沉积量，并以此为依据筛选极高膻味水平样品和极低膻味水平样品。采用LC-MS的方法，探究不同膻味水平舍饲肉羊肾周脂肪代谢组学特征。结果表明：沙葱及其提取物能够改善除尾部脂肪外其它部位脂肪组织中（肾周脂肪、背部皮下脂肪和大网膜脂肪）3种支链脂肪酸，且肾周脂肪最为敏感，其中沙葱醇提物对降低肾周脂肪中3种支链脂肪酸的沉积量效果最佳（MOA P<0.001；MNA P=0.044；EOA P<0.001）。代谢组学研究发现，组氨酸代谢通路、甘油磷脂代谢通路、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路及亚油酸代谢通路及其相关代谢产物可能与膻味相关物质的合成有关。综上所述，沙葱醇提物可能通过影响舍饲肉羊机体脂肪酸及氨基酸代谢通路，调控相关代谢产物的合成，进而影响4-烷基支链脂肪酸的合成，从而改善羊肉膻味。 相似文献
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Powers WJ 《Journal of animal science》1999,77(Z2):169-176
Odors are generated primarily as the result of manure storage but also result from animal housing and manure application. Effective odor control is dependent upon implementation of strategies that are complementary to management practices. Some systems use a deep pit or a holding tank for manure storage. In such systems, little or no biological processing occurs, and they are therefore considered high-load systems. In systems where biological processing occurs to a great extent, such as in anaerobic digesters or lagoons, the system would be termed a low-load system. Odor control strategies for manure storage areas, such as solids separation and additives, are best suited for low-load systems, whereas covers and biofilters provide the best results for high-load systems. Strategies that reduce nutrient production, such as dietary restriction of nutrients, are well-suited for all types of manure storage systems. To comply with current or pending odor control regulations, it is imperative that producers be provided with sound recommendations of odor control strategies. 相似文献
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畜牧业生产中的恶臭及除臭技术的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
规模化畜禽养殖中产生的臭气、粉尘、水体污染、无机物污染、病原菌和寄生虫卵等畜产公害日益引起全社会的关注,对他们的防治已成为世界各国环境保护的工作重点.在这些畜产公害中,由粪尿及其他废弃物引起的臭味是畜牧生产中一个十分头疼的问题,也是畜产公害防治领域中的重点之一.畜牧业生产中的臭气是指对人体、动物产生有害作用的气体物质和使人的嗅觉产生厌恶感的气体,如硫化氢、氨气、粪臭素等.这些恶臭物质能影响人畜的生理机能,刺激嗅觉神经与三叉神经,对呼吸中枢发生作用,影响人畜的呼吸机能,H2S和NH3还具有强烈的毒性.因此,目前人们正在利用各种技术来消除臭气对大气的污染. 相似文献