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随着养殖业的规模化发展，饲料配方设计与营养供给也日益精细化和精准化。适当降低日粮粗蛋白含量且保持日粮氨基酸平衡可提高畜禽饲料蛋白质利用率，降低蛋白质饲料原料使用量，缓解国内大豆种植与进口压力，并且降低生产成本及养殖过程中氮排放对环境造成的污染。近年来，我国相关部门高度重视低蛋白日粮的研发，并出台了一系列标准或技术规范等来推动其在畜禽生产中的应用。然而蛋鸡对日粮中蛋白质含量变化较敏感，目前关于低蛋白日粮在蛋鸡生产中应用的效果并不一致。文章结合国内外研究进展，综述了低蛋白日粮对蛋鸡产蛋前期、产蛋高峰期和产蛋后期生产性能、鸡蛋品质和组成及氮排放的影响，以期为低蛋白日粮在我国蛋鸡生产中的合理应用提供依据。 相似文献
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近年来低蛋白平衡氨基酸日粮在畜禽上的研究已经取得了长足的进展。伴随着国际形势的急剧变化,中美贸易摩擦所导致的蛋白饲料缺口为低蛋白日粮的全面应用提供了契机。低蛋白日粮凭借其巨大的优势,包括减少蛋白饲料消耗,减少氮排放,甚至改善动物生长性能,拥有十分广阔的应用前景。该文总结了近年来低蛋白日粮的研究概况,并且整理了其对不同畜禽品种的研究进展,以期为低蛋白日粮在畜禽养殖业的全面推广应用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮是基于理想蛋白质的概念而建立起来的一种低蛋白日粮。近年来由于饲料原料价格不断上涨,特别是蛋白质原料的缺乏,加之随着社会的发展,人们对环境保护的呼声越来越高,而畜牧生产过程中,由于高蛋白饲料引起的环境污染也越来越严重,因此降低日粮中蛋白的含量,又不会减少畜产品的产量和质量,成为了现代社会对畜牧生产提出的新要求。文章就低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮的理论依据和在养猪生产中的应用效果进行了综述。 相似文献
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低蛋白氨基酸平衡是养猪业中不可或缺的一种日粮模式，以理想蛋白质和氨基酸平衡为理论基础，在不影响生长性能的前提下，将日粮中粗蛋白质水平从NRC(1998)推荐水平的基础上降低2%～4%，同时合理添加合成氨基酸来满足畜禽的需要。与传统日粮相比，低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮具有提高蛋白利用效率、节约饲料成本、提高动物生产性能、改善动物肠道健康、提高肉品质、降低环境污染等优点。文章从低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮对猪的生长性能、氮排泄、肠道菌群、肉品质这四个方面的影响研究进展进行综述，为低蛋白氨基酸平衡日粮在猪生产中的应用提供理论参考。 相似文献
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近期猪低蛋白日粮研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
低蛋白日粮具有节省成本、提高能量水平、降低氮污染等经济的和环境的优势。利用猪的理想蛋白比例、采用可消化氨基酸和净能系统等技术配制以玉米和豆粕为主要原料的猪日粮时,可以不对日粮粗蛋白水平做最低限制。研究表明,猪日粮的粗蛋白水平在NRC推荐标准上降低4%,其饲养效果与限制最低粗蛋白水平的日粮相同,而且能使氮的排出量显著减少。 相似文献
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将800只56周龄京红1号蛋鸡随机分为5个处理,每处理5个重复,每个重复32只,对照组2组,分别饲喂常规蛋白饲粮和低蛋白饲粮,试验组在低蛋饲粮基础上添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的苏氨酸。预饲期7d,试验期35d,研究低蛋白饲粮添加苏氨酸对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明,在低蛋白饲粮基础上添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%苏氨酸均可显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率、饲料利用率和蛋壳质量,促进蛋白质在鸡蛋中的沉积。其中,低蛋白饲粮基础上添加0.2%苏氨酸效果最佳,优于常规蛋白组。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究苜草素对产蛋后期蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征(FLHS)的预防作用。选用500日龄京红1号产蛋鸡1 008只,随机等分为7组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂常规饲粮(代谢能11.10 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质17.68%);Ⅱ~Ⅶ组为试验组,饲喂高能低蛋白质饲粮(代谢能12.87 MJ/kg,粗蛋白质13.84%),并分别在饲粮中添加0、200、400、600、800、1 000 mg/kg苜草素。试验期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高能低蛋白质饲粮组(Ⅱ组)蛋鸡第30天时即可表现出明显的FLHS病理特征,第1~30天平均日采食量、产蛋率、蛋重、产蛋量显著降低(P0.05),料蛋比显著升高(P0.05),第1~60天趋势更加显著(P0.05);第42天蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著降低(P0.05)。2)在高能低蛋白质饲粮中添加不同梯度的苜草素均能降低FLHS发生率,提高第1~60天的平均日采食量、产蛋率、产蛋量,降低料蛋比;提高第42天的蛋白高度、哈氏单位。由此可见,高能低蛋白质饲粮能够诱导蛋鸡FLHS,补充苜草素具有预防作用。 相似文献
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蛋鸡低蛋白日粮的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择２３周龄蛋鸡２６８８羽分成４组,分别饲喂不同蛋白质水平的日粮,其中第一组为对照组,第二、第三、四组为根据可利用氨基酸配制而成的低蛋白日粮。结果表明,第二、三、四组产蛋重分别比对照组低２．８９ｇ／日·只,２．７９ｇ／日·只,２．３３ｇ／日·只,产蛋率分别低２．８２,２．７２,２．０５个百分点,但其经济效益分别提高１６．９％,９．２％,３３．８％,其中蛋白质水平最低的第四组经济效益最好。 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(3):384-392
The ideal amino acid concept is increasing by being applied to laying hens. However, understanding the responses of modern laying hens to decreasing levels of dietary protein balanced with crystalline amino acids has yet to be examined. In this study, 5 dietary treatments varying in CP content (18.0, 17.5, 17.0, 16.5, and 16.0%) were formulated at a fixed dietary energy concentration of 2,825 kcal of ME/kg of feed. The crystalline amino acids, including Met, Thr, Ile, Val, Trp, and Lys, were supplemented according to an assumed ideal AA profile, and all diets contained 0.831% ileal digestible Lys. Irrespective of the CP levels, the ratio of Lys and the profile of different essential amino acids in relation to Lys remained similar in all the diets. A total of 540 21-week-old Hy-Line W36 hens were used with 6 replicates per treatment group. This trial was conducted for a period of 14 wk, ranging from wk 21 to 34. Egg production, daily egg mass, feed intake, and FCR were not affected in the low-protein groups. Egg weight and N excretion declined, whereas egg yolk color increased in the low-protein groups. Decreasing dietary CP was found to have no effect on blood ammonia and plasma uric acid. The application of the assumed ideal AA profile can lead to reduced dietary protein level, from 18 to 16%, without affecting the production performance of laying hens during 21 to 34 wk of age. The ratios of standardized ileal digestible Met, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, Arg, Ile, and Val to standardized ileal digestible Lys were 50, 91, 70, 21, 104, 80, and 88%, respectively, in the assumed ideal AA profile. Excretion of nitrogen was significantly decreased from hens fed the protein-reduced diet without impairing BW. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen retention and compare nitrogen metabolism in Lohmann Brown adult roosters and layers. The nitrogen maintenance requirement ( Nm ) was determined based on the nitrogen balance. Thirty Lohmann Brown adult roosters and 30 laying hens at 27 weeks of age were randomly divided into five groups of six birds per group. The birds were fed with one of five diets containing 10.46%, 11.77%, 13.79%, 16.77% or 18.29%of crude protein. Nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention and nitrogen retention efficiency were higher in roosters than in laying hens, and the average nitrogen retention rate for groups fed with CP level of 11.77%,13.79%, 16.77% and 18. 29% was improved by 9.14%. The nitrogen maintenance requirement for Lohmann Brown roosters and laying hens at 27 weeks of age were 0.4245 g/d and 0.5059 g/d, respectively,and Nm based on average body weight (BW) and metabolic body weight ( BW0.75 ) was 0.2364 g/kg BW and 0.2739 g/kg BW0.75 for laying hens and 0.2754 g/kg BW and 0.3208 g/kg BW0.75 for roosters, respectively. The regression equations for daily N gain ( NB, protein accretion) vs. daily N intake ( NI )for Lohmann Brown layers and roosters were NB =0.3743NI -0. 1589(R2 =0.79) and NB =0.6228NI -0.3151 (R2 =0.85),respectively. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention at the same dietary CP level were higher in roosters than in laying hens. 相似文献
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Threonine (Thr) is one of the four main limiting amino acids of poultry, and it plays a very important role in poultry's maintenance of normal growth, development and immune function. Although there have been very comprehensive studies on the mechanism of broilers and laying hens over the past ten years, there are still relatively fewer studies on ducks. This paper summarizes recent studies on Thr nutrition-physiological function in broilers, laying hens and ducks, including the influence of Thr on dietary amino acids balance, production performance, carcass quality, immune function and intestine health maintenance. At the same time, this paper also briefly analyzes the factors related to Thr requirement, including growth stage, crude protein level, energy concentration, other amino acids level in diet and raising environment. In brief, the review is respected to guide poultry production practices. 相似文献
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苏氨酸是家禽体内4种主要的必需氨基酸之一,对维持家禽正常的生长、发育及免疫具有十分重要的作用。尽管过去十多年来有关苏氨酸对肉鸡、蛋鸡的影响机理研究较为全面,但在肉鸭上的研究相对较少。作者总结了近年来苏氨酸在肉鸡、蛋鸡和肉鸭生物学和营养生理功能上的研究成果,主要包括苏氨酸在平衡日粮氨基酸、促进蛋白质合成、提高生产性能、提升胴体品质、增强免疫机能及维护肠道健康等方面的作用效果;同时也简要分析了家禽苏氨酸需要量的影响因素,包括家禽的生长阶段、日粮粗蛋白质水平、日粮能量浓度、日粮其他氨基酸含量及饲养环境等,以期为家禽的生产实践提供一定的指导。 相似文献
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The supplementation of dietary limiting amino acids (AA) with crystalline AA makes the use of low-protein diets an option in poultry production. The differing absorption rates of crystalline and protein-bound AA may lead to temporally imbalanced AA in the postabsorptive period. In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of encapsulated L-lysine-HCl (L-Lys-HCl) and DL-methionine (DL-Met) on the laying performance of hens. In exp. 1, a total of 135 forty-seven-wk-old Hy-Line Brown hens were subjected to three dietary treatments for 8 wk: basal diet supplemented with 0.14% L-Lys-HCl and 0.17% DL-Met to satisfy the NRC (1994) total Lys and Met recommendation (control) and basal diet supplemented with encapsulated L-Lys-HCl and DL-Met at the levels of 60% (60CLM, 0.084% L-Lys-HCl and 0.102% DL-Met) or 80% of control (80CLM, 0.112% L-Lys-HCl and 0.136% DL-Met), respectively. In exp. 2, 24 fifty-five-wk-old Hy-Line Brown hens were individually reared in cages and subjected to the same treatments as in exp. 1. The plasma concentrations of free AA and nitrogen metabolites were measured 2, 4, and 6 h after fed. The results showed that dietary AA treatment had no significant influence on body weight (BW), feed intake, laying rate, egg weight, egg mass, or feed efficiency. The expression levels of AA transporters CAT-1, y+LAT1, b0,+AT, B0AT, rBAT, EAAT3, and PepT1 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary treatment. There was an interaction of dietary AA treatment and time (P < 0.05) and the 80CLM hens exhibited higher concentrations of Lys (P < 0.05) than the controls at 2-h time point. In contrast, plasma Met concentration was not influenced (P > 0.05), while Cys was reduced in the 60CLM hens at every time point. The 80CLM hens had higher taurine concentrations than those receiving the control diet at every postprandial time point. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that by using encapsulated form, the supplemental levels of synthetic L-Lys-HCl and DL-Met can be effectively reduced by approximately 20% with no negative effect on laying performance. The result suggests that encapsulated Lys and Met may ameliorate the postabsorptive AA balance and contribute to the reduced dietary AA supplemental levels. 相似文献
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K. Poosuwan C. Bunchasak C. Kaewtapee 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(2):186-195
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of protein levels on production performance, immune response, liver triglyceride and plasma amino acids profile of laying hens during 21–48 weeks of age. Two groups of commercial hens (Babcock B‐308) were fed with diets with different crude protein levels (14% and 18% CP). The high protein diet (18% CP) significantly increased production performance, essential amino acid intake, spleen weight (% of body weight), ND‐titre (haemagglutination‐inhibition test), serum albumin (g/dl), serum alpha‐globulin and plasma essential amino acids (except histidine) and decreased liver triglyceride (mg/g liver) in relation to the low protein diet (14% CP). In long‐term effect, therefore, this study suggested that adequate dietary condition of amino acids, particularly methionine and branch‐chain amino acids is necessary for sustaining normal immunocompetence and achieving maximum production performance. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡生产性能、蛋品质、孵化性能和氮排放的影响。选用30周龄健康的快大型岭南黄羽肉种母鸡288只,根据体重和产蛋率相近原则,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平分别为16%(对照组)、15%、14%、13%,各组的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸及异亮氨酸水平一致。试验期10周。结果表明:1)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡末重、平均日增重、平均日产蛋量、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、破蛋率和不合格蛋率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡鸡蛋的蛋形指数、蛋白高度、哈氏单位、蛋黄重、蛋壳重和蛋壳厚度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。13%CP组的蛋黄颜色显著高于16%CP组(P<0.05)。3)低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡的雏鸡初生重、受精蛋孵化率、弱雏率和受精率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)13%、14%CP组的血浆尿素氮含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05),13%CP组的血浆尿酸含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05),13%CP组的粪便氮含量显著低于16%CP组(P<0.05)。由此可见,低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮对黄羽肉种鸡的生产性能、蛋品质和孵化性能无负面影响,但能够降低血浆尿素氮、尿酸含量和粪便氮含量。本试验条件下,黄羽肉种鸡产蛋高峰期的饲粮CP水平可以降低至13%(补充7种必需氨基酸)。 相似文献