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1.
The effect of early nutrition on subsequent bone development was studied using gilts that had previously been fed ad libitum or 75% ad libitum intake and 100 or 150% National Research Council-recommended daily Ca and P from weaning to 100 kg. During the three-parity reproductive study, sows were fed a 14% protein diet. Metacarpals and metatarsals were taken from sows culled due to lameness or failure to breed and from sows after completing three parities. Femur and humerus articular cartilage and turbinates were described at necropsy. Metacarpals and metatarsals were heavier and tended to have thicker walls when sows were previously fed ad libitum or fed 150% Ca and P. Energy intake produced the greater response. Metacarpal breaking strength was greatest for sows previously fed ad libitum. Metatarsals were not affected by energy intake. Stiffness, Young's modulus of elasticity (YME) and flexural modulus for metacarpals and metatarsals were not affected by energy intake. Previously fed Ca and P intakes did not affect any of the mechanical bone characteristics. Metacarpals were heavier, had a greater breaking strength, were more elastic and exhibited slightly less resistance to bending than the metatarsals. The ether extract, ash, Ca and P content and the Ca:P ratio of metacarpals and metatarsals were not affected by previously fed energy or Ca and P intakes. The ether extract content tended to decrease and the ash, Ca and P content tended to increase with age. Articular cartilage and turbinate scores were not influenced by previously fed energy or Ca and P intakes. The YME and flexural modulus were the only bone characteristics that were even poorly correlated (average r = .25) with soundness scores, suggesting that high values result in poorer soundness scores. Energy and Ca and P intakes during growth and development had only minimal effects on bone characteristics and no apparent effect on structural soundness and longevity of sows kept for three parities.  相似文献   

2.
Nineteen weanling horses (average age = 147 d) were divided into exercised (EX; n = 10) and nonexercised (NEX; n = 9) groups, with age, sex and breed represented as equally as possible. The EX group was exercised on an automatic walker at a medium trot for up to 20 min, 5 d each week. Both groups were fed to meet 100% of their protein and 110% of their energy requirements (NRC, 1978). The EX group's diet was supplemented, on exercise days, with corn starch to meet the additional energy requirements for exercise. The experiment was conducted over a 111-d period. Body weight was measured at 10-d intervals, and height at the withers and metacarpal circumference was measured at 20-d intervals. Radiographs of the distal radius, metacarpal joint and the proximal and distal ends of the third metacarpal were taken at 147, 218 and 255 d of age to determine bone density and to observe any possible bone abnormalities. There were no differences between groups in weight or wither height gain; however, gain in third metacarpal circumference was greater (P less than .01) in the EX group than in the NEX group from 167 to 215 d of age. Bone density in the EX group increased by a greater amount (P less than .06) than in the NEX group by the end of the trial. There were no lameness problems or bone abnormalities observed in either group. Exercise training of horses during the weanling to yearling age period was shown to improve the stress-bearing characteristics (radiographic bone density and metacarpal circumference) of the third metacarpal without affecting the quantity of body growth.  相似文献   

3.
Lameness in pigs is a major welfare concern and one of the most commonly reported reasons for premature culling of breeding sows. In this study, the prevalence of lameness in sows was estimated using data from 76 pig breeding units in England and risk factors associated with the occurrence of lameness were examined. The prevalence of lameness in sows was 4.5% (farm median 5.0%, range 0–40%), with at least one lame sow being observed at 54% of the 76 farms. Relative risk (RR) of lameness was determined by multivariable Poisson regression analysis. Farms with high producing sows had a lower rate of lame sows than farms with a medium level of production (P = 0.01). However, medium levels of production on a farm were associated with higher levels of lameness than farms having the lowest level of production (P = 0.02). Farms where the stockman had responsibility for more sows resulted in an increased risk of lameness (P = 0.0062). When indoor units were considered, the area of the pen and younger sows (two parities or less) had higher risk of lameness (P = 0.001 and P = 0.026 respectively). An increased awareness of the risk factors behind lameness is essential in farm management and can be useful when designing housing areas as well as developing future prevention plans for lameness.  相似文献   

4.
主要通过比较丹系和加系纯种、二元和三元母猪的窝产健仔数,分析不同遗传背景及胎次的母猪产仔性能差异,为评估三元母猪产仔性能及其替代更新提供参考依据。研究整理了国内某规模化企业2019年5月至2020年8月间猪场的209 963条产仔记录,其中丹系56 016窝,加系153 947窝,通过单因素方差分析及邓肯检验对2个品系的母猪产健仔数进行统计分析。结果表明,丹系种猪平均窝产健仔数〔（12.54±2.61）头,n=56 016〕极显著高于加系种猪〔（11.21±2.89）头,n=153 947〕（P<0.01）。进一步分析品系内二元母猪与三元母猪的产仔性能差异,发现丹系二元母猪平均窝产健仔数〔（12.59±2.69）头,n=43 007〕显著高于丹系三元母猪〔（11.12±2.95）头,n=1 236〕（P<0.05）;加系二元母猪平均窝产健仔数〔（11.55±2.81）头,n=84 374〕显著高于加系三元母猪〔（10.73±2.87）头,n=47 185〕（P<0.05）。研究还对比了胎次对产仔性能的影响,丹系二元母猪第2胎产健仔数〔（13.28±2.32）头,n=9 396〕显著高于其他胎次,加系二元母猪第3胎产健仔数〔（12.11±2.61）头,n=12 208〕显著高于其他胎次。结果说明,三元母猪的产仔性能与二元母猪相比存在明显劣势,大规模使用三元母猪可能对企业的PSY和MSY有较大影响。当有足够二元后备母猪补充群体时,应该将使用过4~5胎的三元母猪主动淘汰,将其对企业的种猪成本及收益不利影响控制在最小范围,降低对企业经济效益的影响。  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To compare well-being, performance, and longevity of gestating sows housed in stalls or in pens with an electronic sow feeder (ESF). ANIMALS: 382 pregnant sows of parities 1 through 6. PROCEDURE: Sows were housed in separate stalls (n = 176) or group pens (206) with an ESF. Well-being of sows was assessed at various time points in terms of injuries, salivary cortisol concentration, and behavior in a novel arena or to a novel object. Farrowing performance and longevity of sows were also assessed. RESULTS: Total injury scores (TIS) of sows in pens were significantly higher at initial introduction and mixing. In stall-housed sows, TIS was significantly higher during late gestation. The TIS and cortisol concentration were significantly lower in stall-housed sows, compared with values for sows in pens. As parity increased, the likelihood of higher median TIS decreased significantly in pen-housed sows and increased significantly in stall-housed sows. The TIS of sows in pens was negatively correlated with body weight and backfat thickness, whereas these correlations were positive in stall-housed sows. Farrowing performance and results for novel arena or objects did not differ. Proportion of sows removed was significantly higher for pens than for stalls; lameness was the major reason for removal for both systems. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Stalls impose space restrictions for larger sows, resulting in injuries during late gestation. Interventions are needed to minimize aggression during initial introduction and mixing and at the ESF in pens to reduce severe injuries or lameness of gestating sows.  相似文献   

6.
To evaluate the effect of late introduction to farrowing pens on the progress of farrowing and maternal behavior, 20 primiparous and 20 multiparous sows were allocated randomly to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) early introduction to pen (EP, n = 20) and 2) late introduction to pen (LP, n = 20). To evaluate the difference between loose-housed sows and crated sows when introduced late to the farrowing environment, a third treatment was included: late introduction to farrowing crate (LC, n = 20). Sow behavior and piglet birth intervals were recorded using video recordings from 16 h before the birth of the first piglet (BFP) until 48 h after BFP. Behavioral data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS and the percentage of stillborn piglets and the response of the sow to piglet scream were analyzed using PROC GENMOD in SAS. Before farrowing (16 to 3 h before BFP), sows introduced late to pens had more postural changes per hour than sows introduced early to pens (LP = 12.7, EP = 8.9; P = 0.04), whereas there were no differences between sows introduced late to crates and sows introduced late to pens (LC = 14.2, LP = 12.7; P = 0.53). Interbirth interval (P = 0.04), variation in the interbirth interval (P = 0.01), and percentage of stillborn piglets (P = 0.003) were affected by an interaction between parity and treatment. In multiparous sows there were no differences between treatments (P > 0.18) either in the progress of farrowing or in the percentage of stillborn piglets. For primiparous sows, there were no differences (P > 0.22) between sows that were introduced late to pens and sows that were introduced early to pens. Primiparous sows that were introduced late to crates compared with pens had longer interbirth intervals (LC = 29 +/- 4.9 min, LP = 16 +/- 2.9 min; P = 0.02), a greater variation of these intervals (LC = 35 +/- 8.3 min, LP = 16 +/- 3.6 min; P = 0.006), and a greater percentage of stillborn piglets (LC = 21%; 95% confidence interval ranging 14 to 30%, LP = 5%; 95% confidence interval ranging from 2 to 12%; P = 0.004). After farrowing, neither postural changes, time spent in lateral lying, number of near-crushing situations, nor the response to piglet scream test were affected by treatment (P > 0.09). When sows and gilts were introduced late to farrowing pens, neither progress of farrowing nor maternal behavior of importance for piglet crushing was influenced. However, crating primiparous sows that were introduced late to the farrowing environment compared with pen housing had detrimental effects on the progress of farrowing and the percentage of stillborn piglets.  相似文献   

7.
The efficacy of ketoprofen in the treatment of non-infectious lameness in sows was examined in a double-blinded study. Two dose rates of oral ketoprofen were compared to placebo treatment over five consecutive days. Lameness was assessed with a five-grade scoring system prior to and on the last day of the treatment. The rate of treatment success was 54.3% for the ketoprofen 4mg/kg group (n=46), 53.2% for the ketoprofen 2mg/kg group (n=47) and 20.8% for the pigs in the placebo group (n=48). The difference between both ketoprofen groups and the placebo group was significant (P=0.001), but there was no difference between the two ketoprofen groups (P=0.78). Oral ketoprofen was well tolerated and no adverse events were observed. As lameness is a very common problem in sows, oral ketoprofen appeared to be a practical way to alleviate pain and improve the welfare of sows.  相似文献   

8.
This research investigated individual differences in dunging patterns in loose-housed lactating sows. Farrowing pens were divided into six sectors and in study 1 each sector was given a dung score from 0 (no manure) to 3 (≥2 deposits). There were significant positive correlations between dung score and the weight of manure within sectors. In study 2, pen cleanliness was scored in 24 farrowing pens for loose-housed sows on three consecutive days in weeks 3, 4 and 5 of lactation (9 observations). One-third of the sows received a dung score of 0 for the solid floor area, in seven to nine of the observations. These sows could be categorized as ‘clean’ sows. However, 46% of sows scored 0 in the solid floor area for less than two observations, and these sows could be categorized as ‘dirty’ sows. Overall, older parity sows were ‘cleaner’ than gilts and mid-parity sows.  相似文献   

9.
The impact of diet deprivation and subsequent over-allowance in prepubertal gilts on their mammary development and mammary gene expression at the end of gestation and their lactation performance over 2 parities was determined. Seventy-seven gilts were reared under a conventional (control, CTL; n = 41) or an experimental (treatment, TRT; n = 36) dietary regimen. The experimental regimen provided 70 (restriction diet, RES) and 115% (over-allowance diet, OVER) of the protein and DE contents provided by the CTL diet. Experimental diets were fed ad libitum starting at 27.7 ± 3.4 kg of BW as follows: 3 wk RES, 3 wk OVER, 4 wk RES, and 4 wk OVER. All gilts were bred, and 34 were slaughtered on d 110 of gestation (18 CTL and 16 TRT) to collect mammary tissue for compositional analyses and gene expression measurements. Remaining gilts (23 CTL and 20 TRT) were maintained for 2 parities, and litter performance data were obtained. Blood samples for hormonal and metabolite assays were obtained on d 110 of gestation from all sows slaughtered at that time and from 14 sows per treatment on d 2 and 17 of lactation in the first parity. Milk samples were obtained from these same sows on d 17 of lactation in both parities. There was a tendency for mammary parenchymal tissue to contain less protein in TRT than CTL sows (P < 0.10), and relative mRNA abundance of the signal transducer and activator of transduction 5B gene was increased in parenchyma from TRT sows (P < 0.05). Circulating prolactin (P < 0.05) and milk lactose concentrations (P < 0.01) were less, whereas milk protein content was greater (P < 0.05) in TRT sows than CTL sows on d 17 of lactation. Nevertheless, growth rate of suckling piglets over the first 2 parities was unaffected by treatment. In conclusion, the use of a diet deprivation and over-allowance regimen in the growing-finishing period did not have beneficial effects on mammary gene expression or on sow and piglet performance.  相似文献   

10.
Metacarpals from 59 Angus/Gelbvieh rotationally crossed cows were studied to determine whether bone loss occurs in beef cows between 33 and 153 mo of age. Bone loss or a change in bone composition could affect lean meat yield and proportions of carcass components such as ash. With the exception of 18 single-calf cows that were fed a high concentrate diet after their calves were weaned at 120 d of age, all cows with suckling calves grazed the same pastures. Calves from pasture-fed cows were weaned 46 d before the cows were slaughtered on October 23. Although carcasses from 153-mo-old, pasture-fed cows were heavier (P<0.01) than those from 33-mo-old, pasture-fed cows, no differences (P>0.05) in metacarpal weight, length, cortex shaft area, moisture in cortex, or ash in cortex were observed. Weight and length of metacarpals from 33-mo-old pasture-fed cows with 226.8-kg carcasses were similar (P>0.05) to those from 33-mo-old concentrate-fed cows with 409.3-kg carcasses. Metacarpals from the concentrate-fed, single-calf cows were then compared with those from 129-mo-old cows. Again, no differences (P>0.05) in weight or length of the bones were present. Low correlation coefficients obtained by pooling data for all 59 cows confirmed that no differences (P>0.05) in weight or length of bones existed among animals varying greatly in weight or age. Because complete calcification of the epiphyseal growth plates on the metacarpals occurs prior to 33 mo of age, no change in length was expected. However, our findings that no change in metacarpal weight or bone cortex composition occurred with large changes in age or weight are of interest. Within Angus/Gelbvieh crossed cows, the lean:bone ratio is based entirely on changes in muscle mass because bone mass remains constant. In addition to muscle mass, changes in fat content influence bone percentage in the carcass.  相似文献   

11.
An experiment utilizing 198 first-and 77 second-litter sows evaluated the effects of five dietary Ca:P levels at two litter sizes (six to seven or 11 to 12 pigs/litter) over a 21-d lactation period for two parities. Lactation dietary P levels ranged from .50 to .90% in .10% increments with Ca concurrently increased in a 1.3:1 ratio using dicalcium phosphate and limestone as the inorganic mineral sources. A 14% protein, corn-soybean meal diet was formulated with .80% Ca and .60% P for gestation while lactation diets varied in their Ca and P contents. Randomly selected sows from each treatment group and parity were slaughtered with various bones collected for analyses. A counterpart set of nongravid gilts remained on trial and were slaughtered at the end of the two-parity period with bones collected. Sow dietary mineral level did not affect sow or pig performance, nor was there an interaction between dietary mineral level, parity or litter size nursed. Serum and milk Ca, P or Mg were unaffected by dietary Ca:P at 7 or 21 d of lactation, but milk Ca and P increased from parity I to II. Percent rib and vertebra bone ash decreased from parity I to II for sows nursing the larger litters; other bones were unresponsive to dietary mineral level. Femur thickness decreased from parity I to II but was not influenced by dietary Ca:P level. Bone-bending moment of the ribs, metacarpals and metatarsals were not influenced by diet, but a lower metacarpal bending moment was observed for sows nursing larger litters. All bones from nongravid females had higher percentage of bone ash, bending moment and shaft thickness when compared with reproducing sows. These results suggest that reproductive state (i.e., reproducing vs non-reproducing), litter size and parity affected sow Ca:P mineral skeletal reserves more than dietary Ca:P levels.  相似文献   

12.
Four horses were examined because of chronic forelimb lameness. In all horses, the cause of the lameness was localized to the metacarpus by means of physical examination and diagnostic anesthesia, and radiography of the affected limb revealed a small exostosis of the second metacarpal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed suspensory desmitis in the region of this exostosis in all 4 horses. In addition, an abnormal area of low signal intensity, suggestive of an adhesion, was seen between the exostosis and the suspensory ligament. In all horses, an adhesion between the suspensory ligament and the exostosis on the second metacarpal bone was identified and transected at surgery, and the exostosis and distal portion of the second metacarpal bone were removed. All horses were able to return to their previous athletic use following a 6-month rest and rehabilitation program for treatment of the suspensory desmitis. Findings in these horses suggest that adhesions between the suspensory ligament and an exostosis of the second metacarpal bone may be a cause of chronic or recurrent forelimb lameness in horses.  相似文献   

13.
In a large Kenyan production unit the urogenital organs and mammary glands of 771 sows, culled due to recurring swine urogenital disease (SUGD) were subjected to necropsy Necropsy findings were analysed separately according to parity group of the sows [parities 2 (n = 252); 3-5 (n = 250); and > 5 (n = 269)]. Sows of higher parities had more pathological changes in their ovaries, uteri, vaginas, cervices, urinary bladders, kidneys and mammary glands compared to parity 2 sows (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Parity 2 sows had more ovarian degeneration, mucosal hyperaemia, congestion in the bladder, and acute purulent exudative mastitis than parity > 5 sows (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).  相似文献   

14.
为了研究胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响,根据江苏省某国家级生猪核心育种场2009-2011年出生的繁殖母猪资料,分别选取128头杜洛克、681头长白和610头大白母猪共7280窝生产数据,统计分析不同胎次母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及校正21日龄窝重。此外,依据胎次将母猪分为3个繁殖阶段（1～2胎、3～6胎及7～8胎）来探究品种差异对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明：胎次对母猪繁殖性能有显著影响（P<0.05）,母猪1～4胎的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数及初生窝重随胎次呈增加趋势,第4胎达到高峰,且显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;3～6胎繁殖性能较好,7胎之后出现迅速下降趋势;除在第4胎略有下降外,其他胎次的校正21日龄窝重随胎次递增。品种对母猪繁殖性能的影响显著（P<0.05）,长白和大白母猪的繁殖性能均极显著高于杜洛克母猪（P<0.01）;长白母猪的产活仔数和校正21日龄窝重显著高于大白母猪（P<0.05）,2个品种其他繁殖性能无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,杜洛克、长白和大白母猪的最佳繁殖胎次为3～6胎,长白猪的繁殖性能总体上优于大白猪,就本试验所在的育种场而言,长白猪可能更适合作为二元母猪生产中的母本。  相似文献   

15.
Diets containing 0, 10, or 20% dried wash water solids (WWS) from a milk processing plant were fed to 54 Yorkshire gilts (160 to 270 kg) for five parities. Feed intake, weight changes, and morbidity of sows were measured; number of pigs per litter, birth weight, and weight gain of pigs were also determined. Blood, tissue, and milk samples were taken from sows for hematological and mineral analyses, and tissue samples were taken from newborn pigs from each treatment per parity. Overall, initial sow weight, sow weight at weaning, and weight losses were not affected (P greater than .05) by treatment. At 107 d of gestation, overall weights decreased (P less than .05) linearly with level of WWS in the diet. The number of pigs per litter and weight of pigs were not affected (P greater than .10) by diet. Concentrations of NA (P less than .10) and Cd (P less than .05) were lower in kidney of sows fed 20% WWS, and concentrations of Zn were lower in bone and in kidney of sows fed the 20% WWS diet. The Sr and Ba concentrations increased (P less than .05, P less than .10) linearly in bone from sows with level of WWS in the diet. In pigs, concentrations of Mn in kidney and Zn in liver were lower for the 20% WWS treatment. In conclusion, feeding WWS to sows over five parities had minimal adverse effects on sow productivity and pig performance; the reduction in Zn concentrations in tissues of sows and pigs seemed to be related to the Ca content of WWS.  相似文献   

16.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize patterns of removal and evaluate the associations among culling because of lameness and sow productivity traits among culled gilts and sows. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Data from a convenience sample of 11 farms pertaining to the removal of 51,795 gilts and sows from January 1991 to December 2002. Mean culling and mortality (death and euthanasia) rates for all inventoried gilts and sows ranged from 23% to 50% and 4.7% to 9.5%, respectively. PROCEDURE: An analysis of categories of removal (cull, death, or euthanasia) and reasons for removal of gilts and sows was performed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations among culling because of lameness and sow productivity traits among culled gilts and sows. RESULTS: Among sows that were removed, the proportion of parity > or = 1 sows that died (both death and euthanasia) was > 3 times the proportion of parity > or = 1 sows that were culled within 20 days after farrowing. Among lame sows that were removed, the proportion of parity > or = 1 sows that died (death and euthanasia) was higher than the proportion of parity > or = 1 sows that were culled within 20 days after farrowing. Among sows that were removed, the proportion of sows that died (deaths and euthanasia) was higher during lactation than nonlactation. This was also observed among lame sows that were removed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The proportion of death among removed sows, especially lame sows, was higher during lactation than nonlactation. Results indicated that risk of death is not the same for sows throughout their lifetime.  相似文献   

17.
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical findings in and outcome of horses with fractures of the second or fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bone that underwent segmental ostectomy, leaving the proximal and distal portions of the bone undisturbed. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 17 horses. PROCEDURES: Medical records were reviewed, and information on signalment, affected bone, lesion type, surgical procedure, amount of bone removed, and surgical and postsurgical complications was obtained. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone conversations with owners, trainers, and referring veterinarians. RESULTS: One horse had a fracture involving the distal third of the second metacarpal bone; 13 had fractures involving the middle third of the second metacarpal bone (n = 4), fourth metacarpal bone (5), or fourth metatarsal bone (4); and 3 had fractures involving the proximal third of the second (2) or fourth (1) metacarpal bone. Affected portions of the bones were surgically resected, leaving the proximal and distal portions undisturbed. All horses returned to previous performance levels without evidence of lameness. Cosmetic results were good to excellent. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that horses with a complicated injury of the proximal, middle, or distal portion of the second or fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bone may be successfully treated by means of segmental ostectomy of the abnormal portion of the bone.  相似文献   

18.
This study examined the impact of a single dose of azaperone administered to sows at the end of farrowing on piglet weight gain and mortality during the lactation period. Two hundred fifty-two sows (JSR hybrid) housed in a conventional farrowing crate system were assigned to either a treatment or a control group. The parities of the sow were between 1 and 6. The differences between live birth weight and weight at weaning were recorded for 3,093 individual piglets. Serum concentrations of IgG of 485 piglets also were recorded during tail docking. Median and interquartile range (IQR) were 5.1 (2.9 to 9.5) mg·mL(-1) in the control group and 5.6 (3.1 to 12.1) mg·mL(-1) in the azaperone group (P > 0.05). Litter size was 13.0 (11 to 15) total born piglets and birth weight was 1.28 (1.05 to 1.52) kg. Weaning weight for the control group was 5.64 (4.73 to 6.54) kg compared with 5.78 (4.79 to 6.71) kg for the azaperone treated group (P = 0.005). Daily BW gain differed significantly (P = 0.001) between the 2 groups, 205 g for the controls, compared with 214 g for the azaperone group. There were no significant differences between piglet mortality rates (17% and 20%). Azaperone applications to sows tended to have a positive effect on productivity. Effect was greatest in the primiparous sows and declined with increasing parity. This may have been due to both physiological and behavioral differences between the sows as they experienced increasing numbers of gestations, farrowings, and lactation periods.  相似文献   

19.
Reason for performing study: The proximal metacarpal region is a common site of origin of lameness in the performance horse. A number of disease entities are recognised as causes of proximal metacarpal lameness but a definitive diagnosis is often elusive. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is hypothesised to offer advantages over traditional imaging modalities in the investigation of proximal metacarpal pain. Objective: To describe clinical and imaging features of cases of lameness in racehorses arising from the proximal metacarpal region in which standing MRI identified ‘bone marrow oedema‐type’ (BMO‐type) signal patterns. Methods: Records for all horses undergoing standing MRI of the proximal metacarpus/distal carpus from September 2006 to December 2008 were reviewed. Cases underwent a standardised protocol for diagnostic analgesia, radiography and ultrasonography of the proximal metacarpus and distal carpus. Cases with proximal metacarpal lameness displaying a characteristic BMO‐type signal pattern on MRI were identified and outcomes analysed. Results: Eight cases were identified with characteristic MRI findings of extensive hyperintensity on T2* gradient echo and short tau inversion fast spin echo sequences and corresponding hypointensity on T1 gradient echo images within the palmaroproximal aspect of the third metacarpal bone. Follow‐up information was available for all cases; at the time of writing 7/8 had returned to full work and were free from lameness. Conclusions: The BMO‐type signal patterns visible on MR images in these cases may signal the existence of a previously under‐diagnosed pathological process associated with proximal metacarpal lameness in racehorses. This finding is postulated to be associated with a stress reaction and possible prodromal stress fracture of the palmaroproximal metacarpus not appreciable radiographically or ultrasonographically. Potential relevance: MRI of the proximal metacarpal region permits detection of pathological processes, which may elude conventional imaging and, therefore, has important therapeutic and prognostic implications in these cases.  相似文献   

20.
Clinical features of proximal suspensory desmopathy (PSD) and concurrent injury of the proximal aspect of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT) have not been documented. The objectives were to describe clinical signs and diagnosis. This was a retrospective study. Patient details, lame limb(s), response to diagnostic analgesia, and radiographic and ultrasonographic findings were recorded. PSD and injury of the proximal aspect of the ALDDFT were identified in 19 horses, 14 with forelimb lameness (unilateral 5, bilateral 9) and 5 with hindlimb lameness (unilateral 2, bilateral 3). Localising clinical signs were seen in 7/31 lame limbs (subtle thickening in the region of the ALDDFT [n = 3], pain on palpation of the body of the suspensory ligament (SL) [n = 6], heat in the proximal metacarpal or metatarsal region [n = 2]). Forelimb lameness was abolished by perineural analgesia of the palmar metacarpal (subcarpal) nerves in 17/23 limbs. In the remaining limbs intra‐articular analgesia of the middle carpal joint (n = 2) or an ulnar nerve block (n = 4) were required to eliminate the lameness. Hindlimb lameness was abolished by perineural analgesia of the deep branch of the lateral plantar nerve (n = 2) or local infiltration of the proximal plantar aspect of the metatarsus (n = 3); a tibial nerve block resolved lameness in the remaining 3 limbs. Lesions of the SL and of the ALDDFT were characterised ultrasonographically by enlargement, heterogeneous echogenicity and loss of long linear echoes in longitudinal images. In 3 horses adhesions between the ALDDFT and the SL were identified post mortem. Close apposition of these structures seen ultrasonographically may indicate adhesion formation. It was concluded that the clinical features of PSD and concurrent injury of the ALDDFT are similar to those for PSD alone, highlighting the need for comprehensive and systematic ultrasonographic assessment.  相似文献   

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