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1.
试验选用320只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分为4个处理组,每处理4个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别在对照组的基础上,用脱酚棉籽蛋白等蛋白替代豆粕提供30%、60%和100%的粗蛋白。试验周期49d,观察脱酚棉籽蛋白对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能、肉质风味及饲粮养分表观利用率的影响。结果表明:在保证饲粮代谢能、粗蛋白和蛋氨酸水平一致,赖氨酸和苏氨酸含量相当的情况下,用脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕可以取得黄羽肉鸡在玉米—豆粕型常规饲粮条件下的饲养效果,且高水平添加脱酚棉籽蛋白对肉鸡屠宰性能、肉质风味和饲粮养分利用率均没有不良影响。  相似文献   

2.
试验采用脱酚棉籽蛋白按比例替代饲粮中豆粕,探讨脱酚棉籽蛋白对育肥猪生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:在保证消化能、粗蛋白和饲粮标准回肠可消化赖氨酸一致的情况下,脱酚棉籽蛋白的添加不影响育肥猪生长性能(P>0.05),高量添加极显著降低碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.01),但并不影响其他血液生化指标(P>0.05)。脱酚棉籽蛋白是一种优良安全的育肥猪日粮植物蛋白资源。  相似文献   

3.
马铃薯蛋白粉在仔猪上的营养价值评定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
选择体重为(16±1.66)kg PIC仔猪18头,在测定马铃薯蛋白粉(PPM)养分、氨基酸含量的基础上进行消化代谢试验。以PPM和豆粕(SBM)分别作为唯一蛋白源配制半纯合日粮,采用无氮日粮法测定两者猪回肠末端氨基酸的表观消化率和真消化率。结果表明:PPM含消化能18.84MJ/kg,可消化粗蛋白质74.08%,蛋白质生物学效价76.87%,均显著高于豆粕。同时,PPM中大部分氨基酸,尤其是Glu、Lys、Pro等的含量、表观消化率或真消化率显著或极显著高于豆粕,回肠真可消化Glu、Lys、Pro的含量分别为20.67%、5.58%、8.16%,分别比豆粕高194.92%、110.34%、94.87%。可见,PPM的能量和蛋白质氨基酸营养价值明显优于豆粕。  相似文献   

4.
试验旨在研究脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对15~35 kg生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。选取72头体重为（14.32±1.49）kg、日龄基本一致的杜长大三元商品去势猪,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复3头猪。4种饲粮中脱酚棉籽蛋白替代豆粕比例分别为：0（对照组）、20%（4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组）、40%（9.8%脱酚棉籽蛋白组）、60%（14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组）,4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组脱酚棉籽蛋白在饲粮中的比例分别为4.9%、9.8%、14.7%。试验全期共33 d。结果显示：1）试验各组在日增重与日采食量上差异不显著（P〉0.05）,日增重都达到600 g以上,与对照组相比,4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组日增重分别降低1.7%、4.6%和0.7%;4.9%、9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组料重比分别比对照组升高0.08（P〉0.05）、0.1（P〉0.05）、0.15（P〈0.05）。2）试验血清生化指标表明,4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组谷丙转氨酶高于9.8%脱酚棉籽蛋白组,约高31.4%（P〈0.05）;4.9%脱酚棉籽蛋白组谷草转氨酶含量高于9.8%、14.7%脱酚棉籽蛋白组,分别高38.6%（P〈0.05）、56.5%（P〈0.05）;试验各组间血清总蛋白、尿素氮、免疫球蛋白M、免疫球蛋白G等均无显著差异（P〉0.05）。综上述,在本试验条件下脱酚棉籽蛋白替代（20%、40%）豆粕对15~35 kg生长猪生长性能和血清生化指标没有明显不良影响,在生产中应用是可行的。  相似文献   

5.
羊用四种粗饲料营养价值评定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
《饲料工业》2017,(9):27-30
试验旨在研究利用套算法计算肉用绵羊常用单一粗饲料的代谢能和可消化粗蛋白。试验选取3只体重为(40±1.0)kg、健康的小尾寒羊为试验羊,分别对4种不同试验日粮(花生秧、豆秸、苜蓿和燕麦草各替代30%基础日粮)进行消化代谢和气体代谢试验。通过套算法计算4种单一粗饲料的代谢能值和可消化粗蛋白。结果表明,花生秧、豆秸、苜蓿和燕麦草的代谢能值分别为13.45、5.53、11.14 MJ/kg和15.49 MJ/kg;可消化粗蛋白含量分别为124.61、52.14、104.08 g/kg和74.34 g/kg。  相似文献   

6.
试验选用12头初始体重为(15.33±2.10)kg健康杜×长×大杂交去势公猪,分为6个处理,采用6×6双拉丁方设计,研究低蛋白日粮条件下赖氨酸水平对生长猪氮平衡和生长性能的影响。试验日粮包括1个高蛋白对照组(粗蛋白水平为18%,标准可消化赖氨酸0.83%)和5个低蛋白处理组(粗蛋白水平为14%,标准可消化赖氨酸水平分别为0.63%、0.73%、0.83%、0.93%和1.03%)。结果表明:日粮粗蛋白水平降低4%后,生长猪的氮排放量显著降低(P<0.01),氮沉积率和生物学价值随着日粮赖氨酸水平的升高呈线性上升(P<0.01);日粮粗蛋白和赖氨酸水平对生长猪的生长性能并无显著影响(P>0.05)。综合考虑日粮标准可消化赖氨酸水平对生长猪氮平衡和生长性能这两方面的影响,当日粮粗蛋白水平较《猪饲养标准》(2004)的推荐标准降低4%时,15~40kg生长猪最适日粮标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平为0.93%~1.03%。  相似文献   

7.
脱酚棉籽蛋白对肉鸡生产性能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨脱酚棉籽蛋白在肉鸡日粮中对豆粕的替代效果,本试验选用1日龄的健康肉鸡990羽,随机分成5组(对照组、3%脱酚棉籽蛋白添加组、6%脱酚棉籽蛋白添加组、9%脱酚棉籽蛋白添加组、12%脱酚棉籽蛋白添加组)进行饲养试验。结果表明,棉籽蛋白替代豆粕对肉鸡的生长效果与其添加剂量有关。但是肉鸡的各项生产性能指标与添加剂量的线形变化趋势不明显。日粮中添加3%～9%的棉籽蛋白组与对照组的日增重、日采食量、成活率相比较差异均不显著(p>0.05);当添加量达到12%时,前期的生产性能较低,其日增重与对照组差异显著(p<0.05);从全期来看,前期添加6%的脱酚棉籽蛋白和中后期添加9%的脱酚棉籽蛋白对肉鸡的生产性能没有不利的影响。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究生长猪基础饲粮组成对磷酸氢钙(DCP)和磷酸二氢钙(MCP)中磷的全肠道真消化率(TTTD)的影响。试验1选用10头平均体重为(30.4±1.8)kg的生长猪,按照10×8不完全拉丁方设计,分别饲喂含有5个DCP添加水平的玉米-豆粕型和含有5个DCP添加水平的小麦-豆粕型饲粮,进行8期消化试验;试验2选用10头平均体重为(30.9±1.5)kg的生长猪,按照10×8不完全拉丁方设计,分别饲喂含有5个M CP添加水平的玉米-豆粕型和含有5个MCP添加水平的小麦-豆粕型饲粮,进行8期消化试验。每期消化试验包括5 d的饲粮适应期和2 d的粪便收集期。结果表明:1)玉米-豆粕型饲粮的总粪磷排泄量极显著高于小麦-豆粕型饲粮(P0.01),小麦-豆粕型饲粮的全肠道可消化磷含量和磷的表观全肠道消化率(ATTD)极显著高于玉米-豆粕型饲粮(P0.01)。饲粮添加DCP和MCP线性增加总粪磷排泄量、全肠道可消化磷含量及磷的ATTD(P0.01)。2)通过使用线性回归法,测得生长猪采食玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型饲粮对DCP中磷的TTTD分别为82.33%和82.88%,生长猪采食玉米-豆粕型和小麦-豆粕型饲粮对MCP中磷的TTTD分别为85.88%和84.62%。由此可见,生长猪基础饲粮组成对DCP和MCP中磷的TTTD无显著影响。  相似文献   

9.
试验选用1日龄黄羽肉鸡320只,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组4个重复.Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在对照日粮基础上,分别用脱酚棉籽蛋白替代30％、60％、100％的豆粕,在饲粮中的添加量前期(0～3周龄)分别是8.87％、17.70％、29.5％,后期(4～7周龄)分别是8.19％、16.37％、27.2％.试验周期为49 d,观察脱酚棉籽蛋白对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和血液指标的影响.结果表明:在保证饲粮代谢能、粗蛋白、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平相当的情况下,以脱酚棉籽蛋白部分或全部替代豆粕,可以获得黄羽肉鸡在玉米-豆粕型常规饲粮条件下的生长效果,且对屠宰性能、血液指标没有明显的负面影响.  相似文献   

10.
试验旨在测定饲料原料的回肠表观可消化赖氨酸和苏氨酸的数据。试验选择6头体质量(35±1.25)kg的健康(杜×鲁烟白)阉公猪,手术安装回肠末端简单T型瘘管。按照试验原料的不同配制成玉米、豆粕和花生粕等7种半纯合日粮,进行代谢试验。采用3×3有重复拉丁方设计获取饲料原料的回肠表观可消化氨基酸数据,乳清粉采用套算法。结果表明:玉米、豆粕、花生粕、鱼粉、麸皮和乳清粉的表观可消化赖氨酸含量分别为0.30%、2.54%、1.49%、3.77%、0.51%和0.30%,赖氨酸表观消化率分别为77.22%、82.98%、80.85%、90.08%、66.19%和83.25%,表观可消化苏氨酸含量分别为0.30%、1.48%、1.08%、1.72%、0.30%和0.30%,苏氨酸表观消化率分别为77.41%、74.50%、78.29%、82.44%、57.40%和85.97%。  相似文献   

11.
A 4 x 4 Latin square design was used to determine ileal apparent digestibility of amino acids (AAs) in corn, soybean meal, feather meal and dried whey in young pigs. The data were then to be used in formulating a basal diet for studies on AA metabolism in young pigs. Eight castrates T-cannulated at terminal ileum (average initial body weight 12.5 +/- 0.62 kg) were divided into 4 groups on the basis of body weight and transferred to individual metabolism crates. They were then fed four experimental diets containing the four feedstuffs to be tested (corn, soybean meal, feather meal and dried whey). The trial lasted 20 days, which included 4 five-day periods for ileal digesta collection. It was found that the digestibility of the AAs was similar to that reported in literature. Based on the findings a basal diet for this research was formulated according to an ideal protein model for the 10 to 20 kg piglet, on the basis of digestible AAs and containing 14.13 MJ/kg digestible energy, 18.22% crude protein, 1.04% digestible lysine and 0.23% digestible histidine.  相似文献   

12.
Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the chemical composition, apparent digestibility and digestible nutrients and energy content of commercial extruded compound foods for dogs. Fifty-six foods of known chemical composition and in vivo apparent digestibility were analysed overall and 51 foods were used to predict gross energy digestibility and digestible energy content. Modified partial least square calibration models were developed for organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), nitrogen free extracts (NFE) and gross energy (GE) content, the apparent digestibility (OMD, CPD, EED, NFED and GED) and the digestible nutrient and energy content (DOM, DCP, DEE, DNFE and DE) of foods. The calibration equations obtained were evaluated by the standard error and the determination coefficient of cross-validation. The cross-validation coefficients of determination (R) were 0.61, 0.99, 0.91, 0.96, 0.94 and 0.92 for OM, CP, EE, CF, NFE and GE, the corresponding standard error of cross-validation (SECV) being 5.80, 3.51, 13.35, 3.64 and 16.95 g/kg dry matter (DM) and 0.29 MJ/kg DM respectively. The prediction of apparent digestibility was slightly less accurate, but NIRS prediction of digestible nutrient (g/kg DM) and DE (MJ/kg DM) gave satisfactory results, with high R (0.93, 0.97, 0.93, 0.83 and 0.93 for DOM, DCP, DEE, DNFE and DE respectively) and relatively low SECV (11.55, 6.85, 12.14 and 22.98 g/kg DM and 0.47 MJ/kg DM). It is concluded that the precision of NIRS in predicting the energy value of compound extruded foods for dogs is similar or better than by proximate analysis, as well as being faster and more accurate.  相似文献   

13.
本试验旨在采用概略养分分析法测定5种玉米的营养成分含量以及通过消化代谢试验实测玉米的可消化粗蛋白质含量和有效能值,并利用先采集的4种玉米(奥美特、杰尼336、巨丰66、京科665)数据拟合可消化粗蛋白质、消化能和代谢能分别与营养成分之间的回归方程,然后利用第5种玉米(禾育九)可消化粗蛋白质和有效能数据来对回归方程进行验证和修正。选取16只体重为(56.44±5.11)kg的云南半细毛羊,采用完全随机设计,平均分为4组,每组4只。试验共分2期进行,共6种日粮,分别是基础日粮和5种试验日粮,第1期饲喂4种日粮,第2期饲喂2种日粮。结果表明:京科665的可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)、消化能(DE)和代谢能(ME)含量最高,杰尼336的DCP、DE和ME含量最低;玉米的DE和ME分别与EE呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01),相关系数分别为-0.985和-0.994;试验所得的预测方程为DCP(g/kg)=258.961-52.624EE(粗脂肪)、DE(MJ/kg)=40.506-6.876EE、DE(MJ/kg)=34.677-6.398EE+0.492CP(粗蛋白质)、DE(MJ/kg)=-115.182-6.572EE+0.473CP+1.525OM(有机物)、ME(MJ/kg)=-1.028+0.945DE、ME(MJ/kg)=2.950+0.916DE-1.060CF(粗纤维)和ME(MJ/kg)=37.586-6.586EE。综合DCP含量和有效能值,京科665的品质最佳,其次是巨丰66、奥美特和禾育九,杰尼336品质最差;以半细毛羊为试验对象得出,可以利用玉米的营养成分预测其DCP含量以及有效能值。  相似文献   

14.
Four mature pony geldings weighing an average of 134 kg and fitted with ileal cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to determine the digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) protein in different segments of the equine digestive tract at various levels of protein intake. A complete basal corn-based diet was supplemented with SBM to formulate four diets with increasing crude protein. The diets, labeled A (basal), B, C and D, contained 4.9%, 9.5%, 14% and 16.5% crude protein (as fed), and provided nitrogen, per feeding, at approximately 44.8, 84.3, 123.9 and 146.3 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Chromic oxide was fed to measure ileal flow and fecal excretion. Digestion and absorption of nitrogen was determined from changes in nitrogen: chromium ratios, and true digestion of nitrogen was computed by regression analysis. True total tract digestion of nitrogen was 95.7%. True digestibility of nitrogen in the small intestine over the range of linearity was 72.2%, while true digestibility of nitrogen reaching the large intestine was 89.8%. These data indicate that the protein in SBM was almost completely digested in the equine digestive tract. Furthermore, approximately 75% of the digestible protein was digested prececally when nitrogen intake was less than approximately 125 mg/kg of body weight per feeding.  相似文献   

15.
Mature ponies fitted with permanent ileal cannulas were used in two 3×3 Latin square experiments to quantify prececal, postileal and total tract digestion of N. In trial 1, corn, oats and sorghum were each fed with coastal Bermuda grass hay in 75:25 ratios. Apparent prececal digestibilities were similar (P>.05) and averaged 46.6%. By-difference procedures were employed to calculate digestibility of the cereal grain N only and apparent prececal N digestibility averaged 57.1%. In trial 2, a basal corn and hay diet was supplemented with cottonseed meal and soybean meal. Apparent total tract N digestibilities were similar (P>.05) across treatments, and prececal digestibility averaged 45.6%. By-difference calculations were used to determine digestibility of SBM and CSM N alone. Apparent prececal digestibility of SBM was 52.5% and was lower (P<.05) than 81.2% for CSM. It is possible that inadequate or excessive heat treatment of SBM affected enzymatic digestion. True digestibility of total rations fed in trial 2 was estimated by linear regression of nitrogen digested on nitrogen intake or N presented to the large intestine. True N digestibility of diets containing SBM and CSM was 54.7% and 69.4%, respectively.  相似文献   

16.
Twelve pregnant, multiparous sows were assigned during gestation to three dietary treatments in a 3 x 3 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of crude fiber (CF): a conventional diet low in CF (L, 15.8 MJ DE/kg of DM, 3.3% CF), a diet with a medium level of CF (M, 14.4 MJ DE/kg of DM, 10.6% CF), and a high-fiber diet (H, 12.9 MJ DE/kg of DM, 18.1% CF). The daily feed supply was adjusted to provide the same 33.4 MJ of daily digestible energy (2.4, 2.7, and 3.0 kg/d for diets L, M, and H, respectively). Over the day, a shorter time standing was spent when sows received the H diet (291 min/d) compared with the L (363 min/d) and M diets (324 min/d). Duration of feeding was longer with the high-fiber diet. Mastication represented the main part of the feeding activity in sows fed the H diet (56%) and was reduced with the M and L diets (40% and 25%, respectively). Feeding rate increased when fiber level decreased (67, 120, and 152 g/min for the H, M, and L diets, respectively). Feeding the fibrous diet reduced the incidence of nonfeeding oral behaviors. These results show that high-fiber diets can reduce apparent feeding motivation of pregnant sows and, thus, improve the welfare of sows subjected to feed restriction.  相似文献   

17.
Fourteen ileally cannulated pigs (BW = 35 +/- 2 kg) were randomly allotted to a replicated 7 x 7 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the influence of the soybean oligosaccharides (OS), raffinose and stachyose, on ileal nutrient digestibility and fecal consistency. Semipurified diets containing soy protein concentrate (SPC) or soybean meal (SBM) as the sole protein sources were fed. Soy solubles (SS), a by-product of SBM processing containing 3.5% raffinose and 11.5% stachyose, were used to increase dietary raffinose and stachyose concentrations. The seven dietary treatments were SPC, SPC + 9% SS, SBM, SBM + 9% SS, SBM + 18% SS, SBM + 24,000 U alpha-galactosidase enzyme preparation/kg diet, and a low-protein casein (LPC) diet used to calculate true digestibility. Diets, with the exception of the LPC diet, were formulated to contain 17% CP. All diets contained 0.5% chromic oxide as a marker for ileal digestibility determination. The experimental periods were divided into a 5-d diet adaptation followed by 2-d of ileal digesta collection. Diets and digesta were analyzed for DM, N, Cr, amino acids (AA), raffinose, and stachyose. Fecal consistency was determined on d 6 and 7 of each experimental period. The apparent and true ileal AA digestibilities were not different (P < 0.05) for the SPC and SBM control diets. When SS was added to the SPC diet, apparent and true N and AA digestibilities were depressed (P < 0.05) with the exception of Trp and Pro. The apparent and true ileal N and AA digestibilities were not different (P > 0.05) between the SBM control and SBM + 9% SS diets with the exception of Glu. There was a linear decrease (P < 0.05) in apparent and true DM, Val, Gly, and Tyr digestibilities when increasing levels of SS were added to the SBM diet. The addition of alpha-galactosidase did not improve apparent or true ileal N or AA digestibilities except for apparent and true Val and Tyr. Ileal raffinose digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) by addition of a-galactosidase, but was not affected by any other dietary treatment. Ileal stachyose digestibility was not affected (P > 0.58) by treatment. Fecal consistency likewise was not affected (P > 0.36) by dietary treatment. In conclusion, soy OS reduced nutrient digestibilities, but the reductions were small, ranging from approximately 1.1 to 7.4 percentage units. This suggests that other factors may be negatively impacting SBM digestibility.  相似文献   

18.
试验旨在研究热应激条件下日粮消化能水平对肉兔生产性能和饲粮养分消化率的影响。选择30日龄断奶新西兰兔150只,随机分成5个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复6只兔,分别饲喂8.79、9.62、10.46、11.30MJ/kg和12.13 MJ/kg消化能的饲粮。结果显示,热应激条件下,随着日粮消化能的增加,肉兔采食量和料重比均一定程度下降(P>0.05或P<0.05),日增重呈先升高后降低的趋势;干物质、粗蛋白质和粗灰分消化率随着消化能水平的提高,呈现先上升后下降的趋势,粗脂肪和粗纤维的消化率随着消化能水平的提高,呈现逐渐升高的趋势。综合来看,在热应激条件下肉兔饲粮的消化能水平以10.46～11.30 MJ/kg为宜。  相似文献   

19.
This experiment aimed at evaluating the effects of including the enzyme, β-mannanase, in dog (Canis lupus familiaris) diets based on either poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) by-product meal (PBM) or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Meal (SBM). The second objective was to evaluate 3 methods for determining energy and nutrient digestibility values in diets fed to dogs: total fecal collection (TFC) and use of aia or crude fiber (CF) as a marker. Eight dogs were allotted to a replicated latin square (4 by 4) design. There were 2 diets based on PBM as the major protein source and 2 diets based on SBM as the major protein source. Within each protein source, 1 diet contained no β-mannanase and 1 diet contained 0.01% β-mannanase. Diets were fed for an adaptation period of 5 d followed by 5 d of TFC. Fecal score (1 = watery feces to 5 = dry, hard pellets), pH, DM, and fecal volume were determined. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, OM, CP, ether extract (EE), N-free extract (NFE), and GE, and ME content were calculated using the methods of TFC, AIA, and CF. Data were analyzed as a 2 by 2 by 3 split-split-plot design (β-mannanase, protein source, and digestibility calculation procedure). There were interactions between protein source and β-mannanase (P < 0.05). Supplementation of β-mannanase increased ATTD of nutrients and energy and ME (+ 195.3 kcal/kg) and also reduced fecal production in the diet with SBM, but not in the diet that contained PBM. There was an interaction between digestibility calculation procedure and protein source (P < 0.05). The use of AIA overestimated ATTD of the diets containing PBM, but digestibility values estimated based on TFC and CF were not different. Dogs fed diets containing SBM produced more feces with greater moisture content and lower pH compared with dogs fed the PBM diet (P < 0.05). Addition of 0.01% β-mannanase increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility and ME content of the diets containing SBM, but did not improve (P > 0.05) fecal texture. Results indicated that values for ATTD of energy and nutrients in diets containing sbm are not different if they are calculated based on TFC, AIA, or CF, but use of AIA may result in an overestimation of values for ATTD of energy and nutrients in diets containing PBM.  相似文献   

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