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乳房炎是严重影响奶牛健康的疾病之一,而60天左右的干奶期是防治奶牛乳房炎的关键时期,本文从干奶期的重要性以及干奶期乳腺发生的变化入手,分析干奶期乳房炎高发的原因,提出干奶药和乳头内封闭剂对防控奶牛乳房炎和提升牧场效益的重要作用 相似文献
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奶牛乳腺健康直接关系到奶牛生产性能,和牧场效益息息相关。如何有效预防奶牛乳房炎的发生,是牧场的重中之重。干奶期是奶牛乳腺机能恢复健康的一个重要阶段,对预防奶牛产后乳房炎的发生有着重要意义。本文利用长达1 年的时间,对635 头奶牛进行分组试验,并追踪观察其产后90 天内乳房炎的发生情况和产奶量情况。通过数据分析发现,奶牛干奶期联合使用抗生素和乳头封闭剂对奶牛进行干奶,比单独使用抗生素干奶,产后7 天的体细胞阳性率降低了28.58%;产后60 天临床乳房炎发病率降低了35.40%,产后90天降低了41.32%;各组之间的产奶量并无显著差异（P>0.05）。 相似文献
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乳房炎是奶牛最常见的一类疾病,尤其在干奶期发生乳房炎,可导致奶牛产后初乳期发生乳房炎,由此造成产后2~3个月内的泌乳高峰期奶牛泌乳性能得不到充分表现,严重时则使泌乳母牛丧失泌乳能力而被淘汰。1病因分析通过统计分析发现,由于妊娠后期的奶牛在停奶时未采取药物防治措施,奶牛干奶期乳房炎的发病率较高,占泌乳 相似文献
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乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病,尤其在干奶期发生乳房炎,可导致奶牛产后初乳期发生乳房炎,造成产后2～3个月内的泌乳高峰期泌乳性能得不到充分表现,严重则导致泌乳母牛丧失泌乳能力而被淘汰。 1 病因分析 通过统计分析发现,由于妊娠后期的奶牛在停乳时未采取药物防治措施,奶牛干奶期乳房炎的发病率较高,占泌乳期奶牛乳房炎发病率的53％。 相似文献
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乳房炎作为困扰奶牛场三大疾病之一,其严重威胁牧场经济效益,根据发病时间与治疗程度更与奶牛生产性能直接相关.而干奶期作为奶牛乳房的调整期,产奶停止,其乳房的生理机能和乳腺功能都会发生一定的变化,导致机体免疫机制下降,抵抗病原菌的能力严重下降,如果控制不好,直接影响奶牛下次的泌乳性能.而在此时乳房内残留的乳汁更为病原微生物的繁殖提供了有利条件,在刚进入干奶其干奶后期的两周内甚至更长时间内,乳头管都处于开放状态,环境型致病菌极易通过乳头管进入乳房而造成乳房炎的发生.因此,在奶牛进入干奶期后,无论从饲养管理、环境管理还是疾病预防方面,都应更加重视. 相似文献
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Employing the turnover of a dairy-cow herd with primiparas to control infectious mastitis is beneficial because young dairy cows, as a rule free of inflammations of the mammary gland, are not included among dairy cows already infected or suspected of being infected and so it is possible to form groups of dairy cows free of mastitis. For this intention an agricultural enterprise was chosen in potato production region I. In the given period 316 to 336 dairy cows of Bohemian Spotted breed were followed. To express the impact of the infection on the milk efficiency and to draw economic conclusions on the efficiency of treating infectious mastitis we observed the total milk yield of the different dairy cows in one lactation. In the given enterprise unsuccessful treatment of an infected dairy cow in three lactations resulted in a total loss of 4,648 Kcs. Therefore from the economic aspect it appears to be profitable to replace productive, but ill, older dairy cows by healthy first-calvers because the negative effect of the mastitis on the production of milk increases with every successive lactation. 相似文献
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在对山东7个地区14个奶牛场临床型和隐性乳腺炎调查的基础上采集234头临床乳腺炎病牛乳样、241个隐性乳腺炎乳样并分别做了细菌学检查,结果表明:泌乳期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母菌和棒状杆菌为主;干奶期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和酵母菌为主;隐性乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌链球菌、酵母菌、假单胞菌和棒状杆菌为主;厌氧菌在隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎和干奶期乳腺炎乳样的捡出率分别为 5．82％,4．17%,10．16％;隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎细菌的共感染率较高,与泌乳期乳腺炎病原菌的差异极显著(P<0．01),隐性乳腺炎与干奶期乳腺炎病原菌共感染率差异不显著(P >0．05)。 相似文献
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奶牛养殖过程中,围产期被认为是最重要的时期之一,在该时期奶牛从干奶状态转为泌乳状态,生理上所受的应激造成奶牛泌乳早期采食量降低,易发生能量负平衡.此外,奶牛生产性能和繁殖性能也会降低,并常常伴有一些围产期疾病的发生,如脂肪肝、酮症、乳房炎等.胆碱能影响奶牛的生产与繁殖性能,参与奶牛的脂肪代谢,可降低脂肪肝发生率,提高免疫性能.对围产期奶牛饲喂过瘤胃保护胆碱(rumen protected choline,RPC),可改善奶牛机体代谢,增加小肠胆碱供应,进而提高奶产量、改善乳成分、缓解脂肪肝、减少围产期疾病的发生.本文综述了RPC对围产期奶牛干物质采食量、生产性能、乳成分以及健康状况的影响,旨在为围产期奶牛的养殖提供理论参考依据. 相似文献
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奶牛隐性乳房炎的检测及其治疗方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
奶牛乳房炎是困扰奶牛养殖业发展最严重的疾病之一,特别是隐性乳房炎,临床症状不明显,不仅导致奶牛产乳量和乳质量的降低,还可能传染给其他奶牛,导致疾病的扩散.因此,只有对乳汁进行检测,通过其生理、生化等指标变化来判断乳房炎的发生情况.为减少该病的发生、提高乳质量,本文总结了奶牛隐性乳房炎的微生物学检验、细胞学检查、酶学指标... 相似文献
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The economic benefit of treating subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in lactating cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M Yamagata W J Goodger L Weaver C Franti 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,191(12):1556-1561
The economic benefits of treating lactating cows for Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis were studied at a large (689 milking cows) central California dairy. Postcure milk production of case cows (infected, treated, and cured) was compared with production of paired control cows (uninfected) and was matched for yield, days in milk, days in gestation, and parity. A simulation was used to plot expected lactation curves for mastitic cows (infected, not treated) with characteristics similar to those of each control cow, and these curves were compared with actual case-cow lactation curves. The difference in actual and expected production was used to calculate net economic benefits of treatment. Comparison of expected with actual production indicated a net benefit from treatment of $396/cow for cows treated in early lactation and $237 for cows treated in midlactation, but a net loss of $55 for cows treated in late lactation. Lactation number did not have a significant impact on economic benefits of treatment. In contrast to other studies indicating no economic benefit from treating mastitis during lactation, this study's positive results may have been attributable to the high cure rate (98%) and the subclinical form of mastitis being treated. Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis treatment during early and midlactation would appear to be an economically justifiable option for dairy managers. 相似文献
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Comparative efficacy of three dry-cow antibiotic formulations in spring-calving New Zealand dairy cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a dry-cow antibiotic preparation containing cloxacillin plus ampicillin in a formulation that gives a 10-week duration of action, in comparison to products containing cephalonium (10-week action) or cloxacillin alone (7-week action). METHODS: A total of 493 cows were selected from 6 spring-calving dairy herds in the Manawatu region of New Zealand, according to the criteria of the SAMM plan, to receive intramammary antibiotic therapy at the end of lactation (drying off). Cows were randomly allocated to receive 1 of the 3 dry-cow antibiotic products under investigation. Cows were examined twice during the dry period and twice daily during the first 10 days of their subsequent lactation for the presence of mastitis. Milk samples were collected from individual quarters at the time of drying off and at 7 and 28-35 days after calving, for determination of milk somatic cell counts (SCC). Bacteriology was carried out on milk samples taken from cows that developed mastitis during the first 10 days after calving. RESULTS: No cows developed mastitis during the dry period. Sixteen cows developed clinical mastitis within 10 days of calving; there was no difference in incidence between treatments. Streptococcus uberis was the most commonly isolated organism. Mean SCC on Day 7 were lower (p = 0.019) in cephalonium-treated quarters (189.9+/-28.4 x 10(3) cells/ml) than in cloxacillin-treated quarters (388.7+/-71.2 x 10(3) cells/ml); values in quarters receiving cloxacillin plus ampicillin were intermediate (252.0+/-47.0 x 10(3) cells/ml). SCC were similar between treatment groups on Day 28-35. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a combination of cloxacillin plus ampicillin was effective for the prevention of mastitis during the dry and peri-calving-periods in pastured dairy cattle. 相似文献