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1.
动物源粪肠球菌对7种抗生素耐药表型及耐药基因检测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为查明动物源(牛、羊、猪、鸡)粪肠球菌分离株对7种常见抗生素的耐药情况(包括耐药表型及相关的耐药基因),采用药敏纸片法、浓度稀释法和VITEK-AMS全自动药敏法3种不同的方法,根据CLSI(2007)判定标准,检测40株分离株的耐药表型;采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,检测分离株中β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药相关基因(TEM)、氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药相关基因(aac(6’)/aph2’’,aph(3’)-Ⅲ,ant(6)-I)、四环素耐药相关基因(tetM)、红霉素耐药相关基因(ermB,mefA)和万古霉素耐药相关基因(vanA,vanB,vanC)。结果表明,分离株对庆大霉素、链霉素、四环素、红霉素、青霉素、阿莫西林表型耐药率分别为:60.0%(24/40),57.5%(23/40),52.5%(21/40),67.5%(27/40),60.0%(24/40),55.0%(22/40),本试验中未发现耐万古霉素粪肠球菌。耐药基因aac(6’)/aph2’’,ant(6)-Ⅰ,aph(3’)-Ⅲ,tetM,ermB,TEM的检出率分别为:55%(22/40),55%(22/40),25.0%(10/40),42.5%(17/40),50.0%(20/40),45.0%(18/40);未检测到mefA,vanA,vanB,vanC基因的菌株。动物源性粪肠球菌多重耐药现象严重,携带抗生素相关耐药基因是导致分离株对抗生素产生耐药的主要原因,从耐药表型和基因型的角度均可证实分离株粪肠球菌具有多重耐药性。 相似文献
2.
新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性及相关耐药基因型的分布情况,本试验采用K-B(Kirby-Baller)琼脂扩散法检测了49株猪源粪肠球菌对8种抗菌药物的敏感性,并采用PCR法对9种相关耐药基因进行检测并测序,测序结果与GenBank中的相应基因序列比对。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对链霉素耐药率最高,其次为青霉素和红霉素,对呋喃妥因、氨苄西林高度敏感。PCR检测结果显示,β-内酰胺类耐药基因tem的检出率最高,为93.88%,其次是四环素类耐药基因tetM,为85.71%,喹诺酮类基因gyrA和parC检出率均为42.86%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因aph(3′)-Ⅲ、aac(6′)/aph2″和ant(6′)-Ⅰ的检出率分别为36.73%、16.33%和16.33%,未检出mefA和ermB基因。本试验从表型与基因型分析发现,北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的多重耐药现象非常严重,且其耐药表型与基因型并不完全一致。 相似文献
3.
新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解新疆北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的耐药性及相关耐药基因型的分布情况,本试验采用K-B（Kirby-Baller）琼脂扩散法检测了49株猪源粪肠球菌对8种抗菌药物的敏感性,并采用PCR法对9种相关耐药基因进行检测并测序,测序结果与GenBank中的相应基因序列比对。药敏试验结果显示,分离菌对链霉素耐药率最高,其次为青霉素和红霉素,对呋喃妥因、氨苄西林高度敏感。PCR检测结果显示,β-内酰胺类耐药基因tem的检出率最高,为93.88%,其次是四环素类耐药基因tetM,为85.71%,喹诺酮类基因gyrA和parC检出率均为42.86%,氨基糖苷类耐药基因aph（3'）-Ⅲ、aac（6'）/aph2″和ant（6'）-Ⅰ的检出率分别为36.73%、16.33%和16.33%,未检出mefA和ermB基因。本试验从表型与基因型分析发现,北疆地区猪源粪肠球菌的多重耐药现象非常严重,且其耐药表型与基因型并不完全一致。 相似文献
4.
《中国兽医学报》2015,(8)
为探究牛源肠球菌耐药性基因型与表现型之间的关系,采用微量肉汤稀释法分析62株肠球菌对7种抗生素的耐药表型,采用PCR技术检测相关的抗药基因,并分析62株肠球菌16SrDNA的同源性。结果显示,98.4%,98.4%,63.9%,6.5%,6.5%的菌株分别对万古霉素、红霉素、四环素、氯霉素和庆大霉素不敏感,100.0%菌株对卡那霉素敏感。100.0%的菌株均携带aphA3、aadA、aadE和aac6 aph2基因;98.4%,98.4%,98.4%,95.2%,88.7%,72.6%,3.2%的菌株分别携带ermB、tet(M)、tet(O)、aac、mefA、vanB和vanA基因。62株肠球菌中均未检测出catpIP基因。结果表明,红霉素的耐药性(98.4%)与ermB(98.4%)基因呈正相关,与mefA(88.7%)的相关性也较好。氯霉素的耐药表型(6.5%)与catpIP(0)基因的相关性较好,万古霉素耐药表型(98.4%)与vanB(73.6%)基因相关性较好,其他耐药表型与检测的基因无明显相关性。16SrDNA分析表明,62株肠球菌按同源性可分为A、B、C、D、E、F这6种类型,其中E型与致病株EU717958的同源性较近,F型与致病株EU717964的同源性较近。 相似文献
5.
《动物医学进展》2021,42(8)
为了解乌鲁木齐市宠物源粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对临床常用抗菌药物的耐药性及其耐药基因携带情况,在乌鲁木齐市多家宠物医院、警犬基地、犬养殖基地采集宠物(犬和猫)直肠粪样449份进行粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的分离鉴定,通过琼脂稀释法测定10种抗菌药物的最小抑菌浓度,利用PCR方法检测11种耐药基因。结果分离鉴定出宠物源粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌共计123株,其中粪肠球菌81株,屎肠球菌42株。宠物源粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对四环素和庆大霉素的耐药率较高,对阿米卡星、恩诺沙星和环丙沙星呈不同程度耐药,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、氨苄西林、万古霉素以及利奈唑胺高度敏感,仅部分屎肠球菌对亚胺培南表现耐药。检出aac(6′)/aph(2″)、aph(3′)-Ⅲ、tetM、tetA和optrA耐药基因;其余被检耐药基因未检出。耐药粪肠球菌以同时携带aac(6′)/aph(2″)+aph(3′)-Ⅲ+tetM耐药基因为主;耐药屎肠球菌以携带tetM耐药基因为主。宠物源粪肠球菌与屎肠球菌对被检抗菌药物存在不同程度耐药,均对四环素类药物耐药最严重、对应耐药基因检出率也最高。建议临床治疗应根据细菌耐药性结果进行合理用药,并持续加强对宠物源肠球菌耐药性监测。 相似文献
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《动物医学进展》2021,42(9)
为了解新疆昌吉地区某规模化猪场不同日龄猪粪源粪肠球菌对被检抗菌药物的耐药性和耐药基因携带情况,指导临床针对不同日龄的猪合理用药。采集不同日龄猪肛拭子样品262份进行粪肠球菌分离鉴定,采用琼脂稀释法进行11种抗菌药物最小抑菌浓度的测定,用PCR进行10种耐药基因的检测。共分离鉴定163株粪肠球菌,分离率62.2%(163/262)。不同日龄猪源粪肠球菌耐药严重程度由高到低依次为保育猪源、妊娠猪源、后备猪源、育肥猪源,对红霉素、四环素、利福平和多西环素的耐药率都高达90.0%以上。保育猪的耐药率最高,对氟苯尼考和利奈唑胺的耐药率高于其他猪源粪肠球菌;妊娠猪对恩诺沙星的耐药率高于其他猪源粪肠球菌。保育猪多药耐药在5～9耐分布,妊娠猪以7耐为主,后备猪以6耐为主,育肥猪以5耐为主。cfr与vanA基因未检出,分离株tetM、aac(6')/aph(2")、aph(3')-Ⅲ、ermB耐药基因的携带率均高于98.7%。此外,检出近年来新发现的恶唑烷酮类耐药基因optrA(13.5%)。该猪场不同日龄粪肠球菌呈现多药耐药率高、耐药谱广、耐药基因携带率高的特点,建议加强抗菌药物的规范使用,结合药敏试验结果,针对不同日龄猪只合理使用抗菌药物。 相似文献
7.
《中国兽医学报》2020,(10)
为探讨食品源单增李斯特菌四环素耐药基因tetM和红霉素耐药基因ermB是否能向粪肠球菌水平传播,选择2株耐受四环素(tetM)和1株耐受红霉素(ermB)的单增李斯特菌为供体,1株耐受卡那霉素的粪肠球菌为受体菌进行滤膜接合试验。对接合子tetM和ermB基因及相关的转座子Tn196、Tn197进行PCR检测。结果显示,分别获得17,23株耐四环素接合子,28株耐红霉素接合子,接合转移率分别为3.4×10~(-7),4.6×10~(-7),5.6×10~(-7)。接合子均产生了与供体菌一致的四环素和红霉素耐药表型,并且PCR扩增到相应的tetM和ermB基因,其序列与供体单增李斯特菌的耐药基因序列一致,但未扩增到相应的转座子基因;证实单增李斯特菌四环素耐药基因tetM及红霉素耐药基因ermB可以向粪肠球菌水平传播并发挥耐药作用。 相似文献
8.
为检测7株鱼源维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)的耐药基因和耐药表型的分布情况,试验采用PCR法检测分离株中氨基糖苷类耐药基因(aac(3)-Ⅱa、aac(6')-Ⅰb、ant(3")-Ⅰa和aph(3')-Ⅱa),磺胺类耐药基因(Sul1、Sul2和Sul3)和四环素类耐药基因(tetA、tetC和tetM),运用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法检测7株鱼源维氏气单胞菌分离株对22种常用抗生素的敏感性。结果表明,可检出耐药基因aac(3)-Ⅱa(71.4%)、aac(6')-Ⅰb(85.7%)、Sul2(85.7%)和tetA(28.5%);未检出ant(3")-Ⅰa、aph(3')-Ⅱa、Sul1、Sul3、tetC和tetM基因。7株维氏气单胞菌对磷霉素(100%)、多黏霉素B(100%)、痢特灵(85.7%)、奥复星(71.4%)较敏感;对氨苄西林(100%)、乙酰螺旋霉素(100%)、复方新诺明(85.7%)、磺胺异恶唑(85.7%)、四环素(85.7%)等耐药。这说明耐药基因和耐药表型之间存在一定的相关性。 相似文献
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《中国动物传染病学报》2015,(2)
为了解湖南省猪源粪肠球菌临床分离株的耐药性及各耐药基因的分布情况,使用K-B法检测了42株猪源粪肠球菌对11种抗生素的敏感性,采用PCR方法检测了粪肠球菌中8种耐药基因的分布情况。结果显示,湖南省临床分离的42株粪肠球菌对大部分的抗生素高度耐药,对四环素、氯霉素、苯唑青霉素、红霉素、米诺霉素、左氧氟沙星、高浓度庆大霉、高浓度链霉素、环丙沙星、万古霉素、青霉素G的耐药率依次为100%、92.9%、88.1%、83.3%、81%、57.1%、52.4%、47.6%、45.2%、31%、11.9%;耐药基因的检出率为Aac(6)'/aph(2')97.6%、ant(6)'-Ⅰ90%、aph(3)'-Ⅲ76.2%、tet M 90.5%、erm B 73.8%、Van A 4.8%、Van B 54.8%、Van C 88.1%。从表型与基因型共同分析粪肠球菌的耐药性,发现粪肠球菌的多耐药性严重,其耐药表型与耐药基因并不完全一致。 相似文献
11.
D Jordan 《Australian veterinary journal》2019,97(8):283-284
Debate about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animals and the impact on humans is often inappropriately focussed on the crude amount of antimicrobials used in animals without deference to issues of ‘intensity of use’, ‘quality of use’ and especially the class of agents being administered. In the latter case, tools for helping to manage how the use of specific antimicrobial agents impact on the risk and consequences of antimicrobial resistance in humans have been available for almost two decades. These consist of antimicrobial ratings systems, which formally define the importance of each individual agent in human health by assigning them to a position on a graduated scale of ‘importance’ comprising up to four categories of risk. Until recently, these published ratings have only had a modest impact on antimicrobial stewardship at the frontline of medical and veterinary practice, although they will undoubtedly have a substantial influence into the future. This article considers the evolution of the available ‘antimicrobial ratings systems’ applicable to Australian and international settings and their pivotal future‐role in the educating of animal managers, policy makers and prescribers. Faithful application of these rating systems at all levels of decision making to do with antimicrobial use is now seen as central to the protection of animals, humans and economies from the scourge of AMR. 相似文献
12.
中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)基因工程抗菌肽的制备及其抗菌活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从中国鲎血细胞RT-PCR扩增抗菌肽tachyplesins基因,经改造构建原核和真核表达载体pET-KRN、pPIC9-KRY,并分别在大肠杆菌DE3和毕赤酵母GSll5中诱导表达.用Tris-Tricine SDS-PAGE检测并进一步电洗脱纯化表达产物,经体外生物活性测定表明,表达产物KRN对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、伤寒沙门菌的抑菌环为25、22、25、16mm;MIC值为3.57、7.14、3.57、14.28mg/L.表达产物KRY对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、伤寒沙门菌和李氏杆菌的抑菌环为26、22、25、18、16mm;MIC值为1.57、3.14、1.57、6.28、6.28mg/L,对水霉的抑菌效果尤其显著,抑菌环达35mm. 相似文献
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2019年我国兽用抗菌药物使用情况分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2019年国内兽用抗菌药物销量数据进行了统计分析,按照兽用抗菌药销售量等同于使用量的评价指标,结果发现,国内兽药使用总量为37159.12吨;其中,使用量最大的是四环素类,占比36.56%;促生长用抗菌药的用量为14871.05吨,占比48.12%;每吨动物产品兽用抗菌药使用量为160 g。与2018年相比,兽用抗菌药物使用量略有上升,每吨动物产品使用的抗菌药物量也同比增加,这提示我国兽用抗菌药物使用管理不能放松,减抗政策需继续实施,久久为功。 相似文献
15.
介绍了以美国、加拿大、丹麦和日本为代表的一些发达国家对禽类病原菌的耐药性监测情况,分析了禽类病原菌耐药性成因,提出了禽用抗菌药耐药性控制策略,为禽类健康养殖和人类公共卫生健康提供参考。 相似文献
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Dairy Australia is the national service body for the Australian dairy industry. Its role is to help farmers adapt to a changing operating environment and achieve a profitable, sustainable dairy industry. Although the use of antibiotics in Australian agriculture is relatively low in global terms, Dairy Australia recognises important drivers for continuous improvement in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS). Dairy Australia’s first strategic priority is to support profitable farms. This priority has driven the development of a range of on‐farm change management programs in the animal health and welfare fields to optimise the unit cost of production and dairy cattle welfare. Dairy Australia’s third strategic priority is to further develop a ‘trusted dairy industry’. Previous and current work under these two strategies position the dairy industry favourably with respect to confronting the challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and supporting sound AMS with the guiding principle of ‘as little as possible, as much as necessary’. However, given an incomplete but ongoing threat of AMR, more work is needed. Supported by Dairy Australia, the dairy industry has developed an antimicrobial use strategy aligning with the Australian Animal Sector National AMR Plan 2018. 相似文献
18.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(2):302-304
Escherichia coli is a major pathogen of worldwide importance in commercially produced poultry, contributing significantly to economic losses in chickens and turkeys. One hundred thirty-five cases in broilers were examined and cultured for isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity evaluation of E. coli between January 2005 and December 2006. In 103 cases (76.3%) E. coli were isolated and in 32 cases (23.7%) no E. coli growth was observed. Multiple resistances were seen in all isolates. All isolates were uniformly resistant to Tiamuline, Tylosin, and Bacitracin. We observed low levels of resistance to Gentamicin (12%), Kanamycin (0%), and Florfenicol (39%). Percentages of resistance to Tiamuline, Bacitracin, Tylosin, Colistin, and Erythromycin (≥99%); Tetracycline (96%); Oxytetracycline (93%); Flomequine (87%); Neomycine (87%); Lincospectin (79%); Difloxacin (78%); Enrofloxacin (76%); Cotrimoxazole (72%); Chloramphenicol (52%); and Ampicillin (49%) were determined. Our data show high levels of multiresistance among Iranian E. coli isolates. It seems that the pattern of antibiotic resistance of bacteria that are clinically important for the poultry industry should be monitored. 相似文献
19.
LJ Toombs-Ruane CB Riley AT Kendall KE Hill J Benschop SM Rosanowski 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2016,64(2):107-111
AIMS: To describe antimicrobial susceptibility, and identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in bacteria isolated from New Zealand foals.
METHODS: A database search was performed of submissions to a veterinary pathology laboratory between April 2004 and December 2013 for bacterial culture of samples from foals <3 weeks of age. Culture and susceptibility results were compiled with demographic information. Susceptibility results were as defined for the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test based on Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to ≥3 of a panel of antimicrobials (ceftiofur, enrofloxaxin, gentamicin, penicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfonamide); penicillin susceptibility was not included for Gram-negative isolates.
RESULTS: Submissions from 102 foals were examined, and 127 bacterial isolates were cultured from 64 (63%) foals. Of the 127 isolates, 32 (25%) were Streptococcus spp., 30 (24%) were Staphylococcus spp., 12 (10%) were Enterococcus spp. and 26 (21%) were Escherichia coli. Of 83 Gram-positive isolates, 57 (69%) were susceptible to penicillin. Over all isolates, 92/126 (73%) were susceptible to gentamicin and 117/126 (93%) to enrofloxacin; 62/82 (76%) of Gram-positive, and 22/42 (52%) of Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to ceftiofur; 53/81 (65%) of Gram-positive, and 23/44 (52%) of Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to tetracycline; 59/82 (72%) of Gram-positive, and 23/44 (43%) of Gram-negative bacteria were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfonamide. Of 126 isolates, 33 (26%) had MDR; >1 isolate with MDR was cultured from 24/64 (38%) foals, and ≥2 isolates with MDR were recovered from 8/64 (13%) foals.
CONCLUSIONS: Multi-drug resistance, including resistance to commonly used antimicrobials, was found in bacterial isolates from foals in New Zealand.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of this study are of concern from a treatment perspective as they indicate a potential for antimicrobial treatment failure. For future surveillance of AMR and the creation of national guidelines, it is important to record more data on samples submitted for bacterial culture. 相似文献
20.
伪中间葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus pseudintermedius）是犬脓皮病主要致病菌,具有多重耐药性,严重威胁犬及人类健康。本研究从脓皮病患犬中分离20株伪中间葡萄球菌,并揭示大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌的抗菌活性及抗菌机理。通过测定最小抑菌浓度、最低杀菌浓度、抑菌曲线和黏附抑制试验分析了大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌的抑菌活性;检测大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌细胞膜完整性、通透性,细胞活性氧（ROS）水平等,结合电镜观察细菌细胞形态和超微结构,从而探究大黄酸的抑菌机理。结果表明,大黄酸对伪中间葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度为12.5 μg·mL-1,亚抑菌浓度能够显著抑制伪中间葡萄球菌生长和黏附;经大黄酸处理后,伪中间葡萄球菌细胞膜通透性改变,胞外β-半乳糖苷酶活性增加（P<0.05）;ROS测定结果显示,大黄酸处理后细菌细胞ROS水平增高3.9倍（1×MIC）和6.4倍（2×MIC）;大黄酸处理后,电镜观察伪中间葡萄球菌表面存在大量分泌物、皱缩,胞壁破裂、电子密度降低、内容物泄漏等。综上,大黄酸可通过改变细菌细胞膜通透性、破坏膜完整性,诱导细菌细胞产生大量ROS等作用机制达到抗菌目的。 相似文献