Calcification of the intervertebral discs and curvature of the radius and ulna: a radiographic survey of Finnish miniature dachshunds     

Lappalainen A  Norrgård M  Alm K  Snellman M  Laitinen O 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(2):229-236

The vertebral column of 124 randomly selected miniature dachshunds, representing 4.5% of the population registered by the Finnish Kennel Club during the years 1988 to 1996, were radiographed. The front legs were also radiographed in order to evaluate the curvature of the radius and ulna. Calcified discs were found in 75.9% of the longhaired miniature dachshunds and in 86.7% of the wirehaired ones. The occurrence of signs associated with IDD was 16.5% in longhaired and 15.6% in wirehaired miniature dachshunds. The occurrence of signs of IDD in dogs with calcified discs was 20.0% and 17.9% in longhaired and wirehaired miniature dachshunds, respectively. In dogs without calcifications only one dog showed signs of IDD. The curvature of the radius and the ulna did not differ between the dogs with signs of IDD and the healthy ones, or between the dogs with and without intervertebral calcifications. Our results indicate that radiographic eradication based on the presence of intervertebral calcifications is not suitable for breeding purposes for the Finnish miniature dachshund population because the percentage of dogs without calcifications is small.  相似文献   

Non-destructive evaluation of checking in thermally modified timber     

Laura Tomppo  Markku Tiitta  Reijo Lappalainen 《Wood Science and Technology》2014,48(2):227-238

Non-destructive measurement techniques were used to study the characteristics of thermally modified timber (TMT), especially checking. Two non-destructive measurement techniques were evaluated: air-coupled ultrasound (ACU) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In the studied TMT (N = 38), density and pith location in the cross-section were positively correlated with the number of checks in the cross-section. Several ultrasound signal features correlated with TMT characteristics, most strongly with number of checks. Severely checked samples and other samples were considered as two different classes of checking, and the potential of ultrasound for differentiating between the two classes was tested by using Bayesian classification method. The correct classification rate was 97 %. EIS parameters correlated with density and latewood content of TMT more strongly than the ACU parameters. Thus, for determination of checking and density or earlywood/latewood content, both EIS and ACU measurements are recommended.  相似文献   

Polypore diversity in managed and old-growth boreal Picea abies forests in southern Finland     

Reijo Penttilä  Juha Siitonen 《Biological conservation》2004,117(3):271-283

Polypore communities were compared between mature managed, overmature managed, and old-growth spruce-dominated forests in southern Finland. A total of 85 polypore species, with 6000 records, were found in 16 sample plots, each 4 ha in size. Old-growth stands had on average 80% more species than mature stands, and 38% more species than overmature managed stands. Variation in polypore species richness was best explained by diversity of dead wood and the number and volume of dead trees. The best predictor for the number of threatened polypore species was the number of cut stumps. Threatened species were practically confined to old-growth forests and to stands in which the amount of dead wood exceeded 20 m³/ha. This figure appears to represent a stand-level threshold value for the amount of dead wood, below which the persistence of threatened species becomes unlikely. Our results suggest that a significant increase in the amount of dead wood (e.g. by leaving large retention trees and even by killing trees) is needed in managed forests before they become suitable habitats for threatened polypores.  相似文献   

Thoracic high resolution CT using the modified VetMousetrap™ device is a feasible method for diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers     

Saila Holopainen  Elina Rautala  Liisa Lilja‐Maula  Hannes Lohi  Minna M. Rajamki  Anu K. Lappalainen 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(5):525-532

Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease particularly prevalent in West Highland White Terriers. In the present prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of modified VetMousetrap? device in high resolution CT to detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Twelve awake West Highland White Terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 24 clinically healthy West Highland White Terriers were scanned using a helical dual slice scanner utilizing VetMousetrap? device without or with minimal chemical restraint with butorphanol. Three evaluators blindly assessed the images for image quality and the presence of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related imaging findings such as ground glass opacity and reticular opacities. Additionally, the attenuation of the lung was quantified with ImageJ software using histogram analysis of density over the lung fields. Computed tomography was successfully completed and motion artifact ranked in statistical analysis barely noticeable to mild in all dogs. The agreement between imaging findings and clinical status was very good with overall κ value 0.91 and percentage of agreement of 94%. There was also very good intraobserver (κ_range = 0.79‐0.91) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94). Moderate to severe ground glass opacity was present in all affected dogs. In the ImageJ analysis, a significant difference in lung attenuation between the study groups was observed. We conclude that modified VetMousetrap? device is applicable in diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers avoiding anesthetic risk in these often severely hypoxic patients.  相似文献   

Recurrent bacterial pneumonia in Irish Wolfhounds: Clinical findings and etiological studies     

Sanna J. Viitanen  Anu K. Lappalainen  Ninna M. Koho  Tiina Pessa‐Morikawa  Lorenzo Ressel  Minna M. Rajamki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(2):846-855

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Worldwide status of burbot and conservation measures     

Martin A Stapanian  Vaughn L Paragamian  Charles P Madenjian  James R Jackson  Jyrki Lappalainen  Matthew J Evenson  & Matthew D Neufeld 《Fish and Fisheries》2010,11(1):34-56

Although burbot ( Lota lota Gadidae) are widespread and abundant throughout much of their natural range, there are many populations that have been extirpated, endangered or are in serious decline. Due in part to the species' lack of popularity as a game and commercial fish, few regions consider burbot in management plans. We review the worldwide population status of burbot and synthesize reasons why some burbot populations are endangered or declining, some burbot populations have recovered and some burbot populations do not recover despite management measures. Burbot have been extirpated in much of Western Europe and the United Kingdom and are threatened or endangered in much of North America and Eurasia. Pollution and habitat change, particularly the effects of dams, appear to be the main causes for declines in riverine burbot populations. Pollution and the adverse effects of invasive species appear to be the main reasons for declines in lacustrine populations. Warmer water temperatures, due either to discharge from dams or climate change, have been noted in declining burbot populations at the southern extent of their range. Currently, fishing pressure does not appear to be limiting burbot populations world-wide. We suggest mitigation measures for burbot population recovery, particularly those impacted by dams and invasive species.  相似文献   

Release of Carbon in Different Molecule Size Fractions from Decomposing Boreal Mor and Peat as Affected by Enchytraeid Worms     

Mari Lappalainen  Marjo Palviainen  Jussi V.K. Kukkonen  Heikki Setälä  Sirpa Piirainen  Tytti Sarjala  Harri Koivusalo  Leena Finér  Samuli Launiainen  Ari Laurén 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(7):240

Terrestrial export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to watercourses has increased in boreal zone. Effect of decomposing material and soil food webs on the release rate and quality of DOC are poorly known. We quantified carbon (C) release in CO₂, and DOC in different molecular weights from the most common organic soils in boreal zone; and explored the effect of soil type and enchytraeid worms on the release rates. Two types of mor and four types of peat were incubated in laboratory with and without enchytraeid worms for 154 days at +?15 °C. Carbon was mostly released as CO₂; DOC contributed to 2–9% of C release. The share of DOC was higher in peat than in mor. The release rate of CO₂ was three times higher in mor than in highly decomposed peat. Enchytraeids enhanced the release of CO₂ by 31–43% and of DOC by 46–77% in mor. High molecular weight fraction dominated the DOC release. Upscaling the laboratory results into catchment level allowed us to conclude that peatlands are the main source of DOC, low molecular weight DOC originates close to watercourse, and that enchytraeids substantially influence DOC leaching to watercourse and ultimately to aquatic CO₂ emissions.  相似文献   

The Utility of Acute‐Phase Proteins in the Assessment of Treatment Response in Dogs With Bacterial Pneumonia          下载免费PDF全文

S.J. Viitanen  A.K. Lappalainen  M.B. Christensen  S. Sankari  M.M. Rajamäki 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(1):124-133

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The intra‐ and intertester repeatability of radiographic elbow incongruity grading is high in chondrodystrophic dog breeds     

Hanna S. M. Pulkkinen  Vilma L. J. Reunanen  Heli K. Hyytiinen  Jouni J. T. Junnila  Outi M. Laitinen‐Vapaavuori  Anu K. Lappalainen 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2020,61(3):329-335

Elbow incongruity is a form of elbow dysplasia that causes osteoarthritis, pain, and lameness, and it is common in chondrodystrophic dog breeds. The objective of this retrospective secondary analysis study was to evaluate the intra‐ and interobserver repeatability of a novel radiographic incongruity grading system for assessing elbow incongruity in three chondrodystrophic dog breeds—the dachshund, Skye Terrier, and Glen of Imaal Terrier. We conducted an observer agreement study that included 220 mediolateral antebrachial radiographs from 110 dogs with the elbow in 90° flexion. The radiographs were independently assessed by three observers at three time points, using a four‐stepped grading scale. The proportion of agreement and Kappa coefficient were calculated. Both the intra‐ and interobserver proportions of agreement were substantial when three grades were required to be identical (.705‐.777 and .609, respectively), and almost perfect for two identical grades (.991‐1.000 and .991, respectively). Some differences in repeatability between breeds were noted; specifically, the intraobserver repeatability was higher in the dachshund, and the interobserver repeatability was lower in the Glen of Imaal Terrier. Our study showed that the radiographic imaging protocol and incongruity grading system have high repeatability when assessing elbow incongruity in chondrodystrophic dog breeds.  相似文献   

Radiographic evaluation of elbow incongruity in Skye terriers          下载免费PDF全文

A. K. Lappalainen  T. Hyvärinen  J. Junnila  O. Laitinen‐Vapaavuori 《The Journal of small animal practice》2016,57(2):96-99

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