Animal welfare education in Turkey     

Gurler AM 《Journal of veterinary medical education》2007,34(5):633-638

Veterinary medical education in Turkey began in 1842 and is now offered by 17 universities. Since 1895, topics related to animal welfare have been covered as part of the curriculum in courses titled Deontology, Health Inspection, and Laws of Veterinary Medicine. During the 2004/2005 academic year, for the first time, animal welfare was included as a separate course as part of the curriculum in two veterinary faculties. As a result of curriculum adjustment efforts at both national and international levels, the animal-welfare course is now expected to be required for all veterinary students in Turkey. This study reports on the development of animal-welfare curricula in veterinary medical education in Turkey and describes the historical events from which the appreciation of it arose.  相似文献   

受降雨影响的浅水泥沙颗粒起动规律     

肖克  杨奉广  聂锐华  黄尔  王协康  刘兴年  彭清娥 《农业工程学报》2021,37(13):121-127

山区浅层水流深度极浅且移动缓慢,降雨条件下其泥沙输移现象尚不明确。为探明受到降雨影响下的浅水河流均匀沙起动问题,该研究假设雨滴落入河道后会影响到整个水流区,形成雨滴群与水流混合的流体,从孔隙介质流理论入手,假设当降雨存在时床面泥沙颗粒增加了向上的附加力,进一步分析泥沙颗粒的受力情况,推导出层流水流泥沙颗粒起动关系表达式。从含沙水流流速分布规律得到启发,雨滴落入层流水流的状态类似于含沙水流,当降雨存在时层流水流流速分布仍然满足线性关系。利用无降雨泥沙起动经典试验数据,确定了拖曳力系数以及上举力系数,发现两者都是沙粒雷诺数的函数。利用已有研究的降雨实测数据,求出了8种降雨强度(0.254～152.4mm/h)下的雨滴直径分布概率密度表达式(R~2=0.998),进而求出雨滴的平均直径表达式,并给出受降雨影响的层流水流泥沙颗粒起动切应力计算模型。该研究模型表明降雨的存在使得泥沙起动所需的临界摩阻流速减小。通过与已有研究进行对比分析,该研究建立的受降雨影响的浅水泥沙颗粒起动计算公式具有最高的精度,平均误差仅为14.8%,能够为山区水沙灾害防治提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

中国农田土壤有机碳变化:II土壤固碳潜力估算   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梁二  蔡典雄  代快  张丁辰  冯宗会  刘爽  王燕  王小彬 《中国土壤与肥料》2010,(6)

中国作为世界上一个重要的农业大国,提高中国农田土壤碳收集能力对减缓全球温室效应具有重要影响.在前人研究的基础上,利用中国第一次和第二次土壤普查数据,结合大量前人调研资料和田间试验数据整理分析,根据近20年来中国各省(市、区)农田土壤有机碳量变化趋势,估算了农田土壤碳源、汇潜力.由估算得出,假设在20世纪80年代土地利用方式、耕作措施、施肥水平和气候条件不变的情况下,中国农田土壤固碳潜力约为668 Tg C,即表明假设条件下,中国农田土壤要吸收668 Tg C才能达到一种相对稳定的平衡状态,也说明80年代后期中国农田土壤为碳汇效应.本研究对认识和评价中国农田土壤碳汇能力及其农田土壤固碳潜力提供了方法和依据.  相似文献   

淤地坝赋存信息在流域侵蚀产沙研究中的应用     

李勉  杨二  李平  李莉 《水土保持研究》2017,(3):357-362

黄土高原淤地坝在拦蓄大量泥沙的同时,也赋存了大量环境变化信息。该文从淤地坝赋存信息在小流域侵蚀产沙速率、泥沙来源和泥沙输移比研究方面的作用进行了归纳和总结,分析了目前研究中存在的问题,提出了今后研究的发展方向,以期能为更好地利用这些赋存信息,发挥其在黄土高原土壤侵蚀和环境演变过程研究中的作用提供参考。  相似文献   

基于自压滴灌工程过滤装置尺寸的确定及应用     

穆哈西  杰恩斯&#;马坦  吾买尔&#;吐尔逊 《节水灌溉》2017,(1)

由于新疆牧业灌区无电供应,水源无法过滤,实现滴灌工程难,目前采用地面灌溉。地形坡度大、灌水量多、大量水土流失。灌区下游排水不畅,洼地沼泽化面积剧增,地下水位上升导致土壤盐碱化,弃田面积逐渐扩大、种植面积萎缩。为了解决上述问题,充分利用地形落差,研制了自压滴灌工程过滤装置。同时渠道进水流量、调水池的调节流量、集水桶流量及系统流量之间建立了平衡关系。用实例说明不同地形落差与自压滴灌工程系统流量及过滤装置尺寸的计算过程。解决了自压滴灌工程水源的过滤、排沙、冲沙及自行冲洗等问题。为无电牧业灌区实现节水灌溉技术提供依据。  相似文献   

PG99S智能型喷灌机的调试及维护     

肖林刚  王晓冬  帕尔哈丁  马彩雯  张丽  吴乐天  王彦 《农机具之友》2010,(7):23-25

在蔬菜、花卉的工厂化育苗生产中,准确控制肥水的浓度和喷洒的均匀性显得尤为重要,而喷灌设备作为智能型连栋育苗温室的主要浇灌设备,被广泛应用于现代化育苗温室中。该设备自动作业,水量控制精准。本文就PG99S型智能喷灌机介绍其调试方法和故障维修。  相似文献   

修枝高度对西南桦拟木蠹蛾为害的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王春胜  赵志刚  吴龙敦  郭俊杰  林天龙  沙二  曾杰 《西北林学院学报》2012,27(6):120-123

以广西百色5年生西南桦人工幼林为研究对象,设置系列修枝高度开展西南桦修枝试验,调查修枝前以及修枝后3年内西南桦林分的拟木蠹蛾(Arbela spp.)为害状况,揭示修枝高度对拟木蠹蛾为害的影响。结果表明:修枝前以及修枝后3年内不同处理间西南桦林分总体感虫株率和受害单株虫口数无显著差异(p>0.05),但修枝后修枝段的感虫率和虫口数均低于对照(未修枝)相应区段,其中6m和7m修枝高度处理中修枝段感虫率与对照组相应区段差异均达显著水平(p<0.05);而且使拟木蠹蛾在树干上的集中分布段提升1.5m以上;说明合理修枝能够显著减轻修枝段的拟木蠹蛾危害,从而提高修枝段的木材质量,为西南桦优质大径材培育提供依据。  相似文献   

Seminal plasma composition and its relationship with physical spermatological parameters of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) semen: with emphasis on sperm motility     

Yusuf Bozkurt  Fatih Öğretmen  Uğur Erçin  Ümmügülsüm Yιldιz 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(15):1666-1672

In this research, the mineral and organic composition of the seminal plasma, physical spermatological parameters and their physiological relationships were investigated in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The seminal plasma contained 98.14±5.23 mM L^?1 (Na⁺), 380.85±25.95 mM L^?1 (K⁺), 30.25±4.96 mg dL^?1 (Ca²⁺), 19.16±1.70 mEq L^?1 (Mg²⁺), 1.36±0.11 mg dL^?1 glucose, 0.37±0.08 g dL^?1 total protein, 12.02±1.18 mg dL^?1 cholesterol, 14.85±1.50 mg dL^?1 triglyceride and 43.5±9.56 mg dL^?1 urea. The following spermatological parameters were found: sperm volume 14.44±1.16 mL, sperm motility 80.60±1.55%, movement duration 67.68±4.32 s, density 15.43±0.72 × 10⁹ mL^?1, total density 337.43+45.86 × 10⁹ and pH 7.24±0.17. The Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions correlated negatively with spermatozoa motility (r=?0.453, P>0.05 and r=?0.192, P>0.05) respectively. The K⁺ ion correlated positively with spermatozoa motility (r=0.545, P>0.05). But a statistically significant correlation was not observed between sperm motility and seminal plasma parameters. The following correlations were observed between mineral and organic components. The Mg²⁺ was positively correlated with glucose and cholesterol (r=0.692, P<0.05 and r=0.680, P<0.05) respectively. A highly significant positive relationship was also found between Mg²⁺ and total protein (r=0.837, P<0.01). On the other hand, a significantly negative relationship was found between Ca²⁺ and triglyceride (r=?0.639, P<0.05). These parameters should be considered when developing procedures for either artificial fertilization or for cryopreservation of grass carp sperm.  相似文献   

Psammomatous cerebral intraventricular meningioma in a bull     

Eröksüz Y  Metin N  Ozer H  Yaman I  Cevik A 《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(6):400-400

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Use of exfoliative cytology for diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumour and controlling the recovery period in the bitch     

Erünal-Maral N  Findik M  Aslan S 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,107(5):175-180

Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) is a rare vaginal tumour that can be treated surgically or cryosurgically as well as by radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Vincristine has been found to be very effective for treating TVT. Since vaginal secretion or discharge may contain neoplastic cells, the cytological identification of TVT cells is possible. The present study was carried out in 12 bitches. Vaginal smears were obtained with cotton swab from the anterior vagina and TVT suspected structures. The smears were stained according to Papanicolaou and assessed by light microscopy. Additionally the general condition of the patients was evaluated by haematological and radiographic examinations. In bitches with TVT vincristine sulphate was administered intravenously at weekly intervals. The total treatment period was three to six weeks until no atypical cells were found in the smear. This was the case after an average of 3.2 +/- 1.3 applications. Tumour masses became smaller and by this non-visible from the rima vulva after 4.2 +/- 0.7 applications. During the treatment, two of the 12 bitches (16.7%) suffered from vomiting and diarrhoea while three (25%) showed neutropenia. Twelve months after completion of treatment, the bitches were examined again and vaginal smears were taken in order to control the recovery process or a possible recurrence of TVT. No atypical cells were found in any vaginal smear. By this exfoliative cytology has proved to be a safe and easy method for TVT diagnosis and for observing the recovery process.  相似文献