Comparison of worm control strategies in grazing sheep in Denmark.     

ME Boa  SM Thamsborg  AA Kassuku  HO B?gh 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2001,42(1):57-69

Control of nematode parasites with reduced reliance on the use of anthelmintics was studied in 16 ewes with suckling twin lambs on contaminated pasture in Denmark. Ewes and lambs were treated with albendazole at turn-out 3 May. Ewes were removed from the groups on 26 July, and lambs were slaughtered on 11 October. The animals were allocated to 4 groups of 8 lambs and their 4 ewes. Group TS was treated with albendazole at weeks 3, 6 and 8 after turnout and set-stocked; group TM was similarly treated but moved to clean pasture in conjunction with the last drenching; group US was untreated and set-stocked, and group UM was left untreated but moved to clean pasture week 8 after turn-out. Supplementary feed was offered in June and August due to scarcity of pasture. Strategic treatments of ewes and lambs weeks 3, 6 and 8 after turn-out, with or without a move to clean pasture, were highly effective in controlling nematode infections for most of the season. This was reflected in better weight gains and carcass characteristics in the treated compared to untreated lambs, resulting in an average increase in the value of the product by 36%. The effect of moving without treatment (UM) on faecal egg counts was limited but peak pasture infectivity was reduced to less than 10% compared to the set-stocked group and weight gains of lambs were significantly better despite poor feed availability in late season. The study showed that under set-stocked conditions repeated anthelmintic treatments of both ewes and lambs in early season may ensure sufficient nematode control whereas moving animals to clean pasture without dosing was less efficient. The latter may, however, still be a viable option in organic and other production systems where routine use of anthelmintics is banned, particularly if weaning and moving are combined or a second move is performed.  相似文献   

Identification of galegine, an isoprenyl guanidine, as the toxic principle of Schoenus asperocarpus (poison sedge)     

CR HUXTABLE  PR DORLING  SM COLEGATE 《Australian veterinary journal》1993,70(5):169-171

SUMMARY An Isoprenyl guanldine, galegine, was isolated from the Western Australian sedge Schoenus asperocarpus (Cyperaceae). Synthetic galegine was shown to reproduce the clinical and pathological features of poisoning by this plant. Preliminary results suggest that the massive thoracic effusion observed in sedge poisoning is the result of a direct effect on pulmonary vascular permeability.  相似文献   

Residues from long-acting antimicrobial preparations in injection sites in cattle   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H MAWHINNEY  SM OAKENFULL  TJ NICHOLLS 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,74(2):140-142

Objective To investigate tissue residues of two longacting oxytetracycline (OTC) preparations in cattle.
Design A randomised drug residue trial.  

Animals

Two hundred and forty beef cattle in 24 groups of ten.
Procedure Two blind-coded 200 mg/mL OTC preparations were used in five treatment regimens of various combinations of injection sites (from one to five) and administrations (one or two). Five cattle from each group were slaughtered at 21, 30 and 60 days after injection and the injection site, urine, kidney and diaphragm muscle analysed for residues.
Results The OTC concentration exceeded the maximum residue limit in kidney in animals slaughtered 21 days after treatment, which is the prescribed withholding period. Concentration at the injection site was much greater than the maximum residue limit 30 days post-treatment, but not 45 days post-treatment. The residue was smaller when OTC had been injected in multiple sites. There was no difference between the two OTC preparations.
Conclusion A review of the maximum injection volume, site of injection and the withholding period is needed for long-acting OTC formulations.  相似文献   

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones: An Efficient, Aerobic Alternative   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

IE Marko  PR Giles  M Tsukazaki  SM Brown  CJ Urch 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5295):2044-2046

An efficient, copper-based catalyst has been discovered that oxidizes a wide range of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones under mild conditions. This catalytic system utilizes oxygen or air as the ultimate, stoichiometric oxidant, producing water as the only by-product.  相似文献   

Nearly singular magnetic fluctuations in the normal state of a high-Tc cuprate superconductor     

G Aeppli  TE Mason  SM Hayden  HA Mook  J Kulda 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,278(5342):1432-1435

Polarized and unpolarized neutron scattering was used to measure the wave vector- and frequency-dependent magnetic fluctuations in the normal state (from the superconducting transition temperature, Tc = 35 kelvin, up to 350 kelvin) of single crystals of La1.86Sr0.14CuO4. The peaks that dominate the fluctuations have amplitudes that decrease as T-2 and widths that increase in proportion to the thermal energy, kBT (where kB is Boltzmann's constant), and energy transfer added in quadrature. The nearly singular fluctuations are consistent with a nearby quantum critical point.  相似文献   

Vertebral fractures in two alpaca crias with rickets syndrome     

SM Stieger‐Vanegas  R Garret  EC McKenzie  CV Löhr 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(10):437-440

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Ultrasound during mid‐gestation: Agreement with physical foetal and placental measurements and use in predicting gestational age in sheep          下载免费PDF全文

AK Jones  RE Gately  KK McFadden  ML Hoffman  SM Pillai  SA Zinn  KE Govoni  SA Reed 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2017,52(4):649-654

To determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition and litter size on foetal growth during mid‐gestation, pregnant ewes (n = 82) were fed 100%, 60% or 140% of NRC TDN beginning at day 30.2 ± 0.2 of gestation. Transabdominal ultrasound was performed weekly between day 46.0 ± 0.4 and 86.0 ± 0.7 to monitor foetal heart width (HW), umbilical diameter (UMB), rib width (RW) and placentome outer (OD) and inner diameter (ID). Data were analysed with repeated‐measures using the mixed procedure for effects of maternal diet, litter size and gestation, and equations predictive of gestational age were generated using the regression procedure. To determine the agreement of ultrasound measurement and actual size, ewes (n = 20–21) were euthanized at day 45 or 90 to obtain corresponding postmortem measurements for Bland–Altman analysis. The HW, UMB and placentome OD and ID increased with gestation (p < .0001) but were unaffected by maternal diet or litter size (p ≥ .12). Ultrasound underestimated postmortem measurements of HW (14.8%), UMB (7.3%), placentome OD (4.5%) and ID (37.3%) at day 90 of gestation. Ultrasound underestimated RW at day 45 (7.7%) but overestimated RW (23.8%) at day 90, indicating inconsistent bias when reporting RW by ultrasound. Combining the HW, UMB, RW and placentome OD generated the strongest equation predictive of gestational age (R² = .91). These findings indicate that during mid‐gestation, maternal diet or litter size did not affect HW, UMB or placentome diameters and these factors can be used to estimate gestational age.  相似文献   

Allometric models for estimation of aboveground biomass of Gmelina arborea Roxb. in pulpwood plantations of Bangladesh     

Lulu Rayhan Khushi  SM Rubaiot Abdullah  Sanjoy Saha  Mohammad Raqibul Hasan Siddique 《Southern Forests》2019,81(1):45-48

Gmelina arborea Roxb. is a fast-growing, deciduous tree species native to Bangladesh. It has been widely planted since 1992 for commercial production of pulpwood in hilly areas of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study was to derive well-fitting allometric models for estimation of aboveground biomass, and carbon and nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) stocks in G. arborea to ensure sustainable production and management of this species. Eight linear models with 64 regression equations were tested for estimation of aboveground biomass, carbon and nutrient stocks in different parts (leaves, branches, bark and stem) of the plant. The best-fitting allometric models were selected in accordance with various relevant statistical criteria.  相似文献   

Effect of different storage temperatures on phenolic compounds in banana and mango fruits     

A.B.Abou Aziz  F.K. Abdel-Wahab  M.A. El-Ghandour 《Scientia Horticulturae》1976,4(4):309-315

The general trend of changes in total phenolic compounds of pulp banana fruits harvested at the mature-green stage was a decrease during storage. The higher the storage temperature, the more rapid was the loss in total phenols. The peels lost their total phenols very rapidly and this loss was proportional to the duration of storage at 0°C. There was an inverse relationship between total phenols content and the degree of blackening during storage at injurious chilling temperatures. Concerning the change of phenolic compounds in mango fruits, the skin of ‘Pairi’ mango contained very considerably more total phenolic compounds than the flesh and this content tended to decrease with duration of storage.  相似文献   

Longitudinal assessment of the impact of aging on wastage,productivity and welfare of ewes     

SM Robertson  MA Friend 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(6):248-253

Retention of aging ewes is a strategy producers may use to maintain or increase flock size. Older ewes can have a higher risk of mortality and health issues, but these may be minimised with early intervention and culling. This retrospective study examined the incidence and causes of mortality and culling in a flock of Merino ewes as they aged from 4.5 to 5.5 until 9.5 to 10.5 years. The annual rate of ewe mortality ranged from 6.2% to 9.9%, with lambing complications being the major source of reported loss. Annual culling rates ranged from 1.6% to 42.8%, the larger rates reflecting opportunistic replacement with younger ewes rather than essential culling to maintain welfare and productivity. The major reasons for culling were low condition score, worn or missing teeth or faulty udders. The incidence of other faults was low. Only 18.3% of ewes remained when aged 9.5–10.5 years and these were fertile (89% pregnant) with a high proportion of multiple fetuses (52%) in their final year, although fleece weight had declined. Younger ewes born in 2004/2005 tended to have lower annual mortality rates than the aged ewes, but 8%–12% were still culled annually. It is concluded that an annual inspection pre-joining of all ewes and preventative culling for health issues is necessary to minimise any increase in mortality and risk to ewe welfare from retaining aging ewes. More frequent inspection will be required as potential health issues develop during the year, as these may not be evident pre-joining.  相似文献