Thin layer chromatographic identification and quantitation of niacin and niacinamide in pharmaceutical preparations     

B Sarangi  S K Chatterjee  K Dutta  S K Das 《Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists》1985,68(3):547-548

A safe and simple thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the estimation of niacin and niacinamide in pharmaceutical preparations containing other vitamins, enzymes, herbs, antiamoebic drugs, etc. The method involves removal of excipients from the preparation by ethanol precipitation and isolation of niacin or niacinamide from other ingredients by TLC on silica gel with water as developing solvent, followed by extraction in 0.1N HCl, and spectrophotometric estimation of the vitamin at 262 nm. The percent recoveries for niacin and niacinamide were 100.1 +/- 1.9 and 100.2 +/- 1.5, respectively.  相似文献   

Metabolism of metamitron in goat following a single oral administration of a nontoxic dose level: a continued study     

Chanda D  Debnath SC  Das SK  Mandal TK  Bhattacharyya A  Choudhury A  Chakraborty AK 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(24):7377-7381

Disposition kinetic behavior and metabolism studies of metamitron and its metabolite in terms of the parent compound were carried out in black Bengal goats after a single oral administration of a nontoxic oral dose at 30 mg kg(-1) of body weight. Metamitron was detected in the blood sample at 5 min (2.23 +/- 0.04 microg mL(-1)), maximum at 1 h (3.43 +/- 0.02 microg mL(-1)) and minimum at 12 h (0.41 +/- 0.01 microg mL(-1)), after a single oral administration. Metabolite [3-methyl-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one] in terms of the parent compound was detected in the blood sample at 5 min (0.47 +/- 0.006 microg mL(-1)), maximum at 6 h (5.12 +/- 0.02 microg mL(-1)) and minimum at 96 h (1.06 +/- 0.016 microg mL(-1)), after a single oral administration. The t(1/2 K) and Cl(B) values of metamitron were 3.63 +/- 0.05 h and 1.36 +/- 0.016 L kg(-1) h(-1), respectively, whereas the t(1/2K)(m) and Cl(B)(m) values of the metabolite were 38.15 +/- 0.37 h and 0.091 +/- 0.001 L kg(-1) h(-1), respectively, which suggested long persistence of the metabolite in blood and tissues of goat. Metamitron was excreted through feces and urine for up to 48 and 72 h, whereas the metabolite was excreted for up to 168 and 144 h, respectively. Metabolite alone contributed to 96 and 67% of combined recovery percentage of metamitron and metabolite against the administered dose in feces and urine of goat, respectively. All of the goat tissues except lung, adrenal gland, ovary, testis, and mammary gland retained the metabolite residue for up to 6 days after administration.  相似文献   

Composted biosolids as a source of iron for hybrid poplars (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus</Emphasis> sp.) grown in northwest New Mexico     

Kevin Lombard  Mick O’Neill  Robert Heyduck  Blake Onken  April Ulery  John Mexal  Adrian Unc 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,81(1):45-56

Composted sewage sludge (biosolids) supply plant available Fe and may represent a sustainable alternative to more costly chelated Fe fertilizers currently used to supplement nutrition in hybrid poplar test plots of elevated soil pH. To test the response of poplars, field plots were amended with composted biosolids at two agricultural rates: 22.75 and 44.5 Mg ha⁻¹. Iron EDDHA served as a fertilizer check and control plots received no amendment. The hybrid poplar OP-367 (Populus deltoides × P. nigra) was planted on a 3.6 m grid spacing. Significant amounts of P and Fe originating from the sewage treatment process were detected in soils 13 months after amending. Chlorosis evaluated with a SPAD-502 meter, showed that poplars amended with biosolids remained the least chlorotic and had greater tree growth when compared to Fe EDDHA and control plots during two growing seasons. Biosolids show promise as a cost effective alternative for the remediation of Fe chlorosis in hybrid poplar agroforestry plantations and present new opportunities in northwestern New Mexico for municipalities seeking solid waste land disposal options.  相似文献   

The contribution of competition to tree mortality in old-growth coniferous forests   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Adrian Das  John Battles 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(7):1203-1213

Competition is a well-documented contributor to tree mortality in temperate forests, with numerous studies documenting a relationship between tree death and the competitive environment. Models frequently rely on competition as the only non-random mechanism affecting tree mortality. However, for mature forests, competition may cease to be the primary driver of mortality.We use a large, long-term dataset to study the importance of competition in determining tree mortality in old-growth forests on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada of California, U.S.A. We make use of the comparative spatial configuration of dead and live trees, changes in tree spatial pattern through time, and field assessments of contributors to an individual tree's death to quantify competitive effects.Competition was apparently a significant contributor to tree mortality in these forests. Trees that died tended to be in more competitive environments than trees that survived, and suppression frequently appeared as a factor contributing to mortality. On the other hand, based on spatial pattern analyses, only three of 14 plots demonstrated compelling evidence that competition was dominating mortality. Most of the rest of the plots fell within the expectation for random mortality, and three fit neither the random nor the competition model. These results suggest that while competition is often playing a significant role in tree mortality processes in these forests it only infrequently governs those processes. In addition, the field assessments indicated a substantial presence of biotic mortality agents in trees that died.While competition is almost certainly important, demographics in these forests cannot accurately be characterized without a better grasp of other mortality processes. In particular, we likely need a better understanding of biotic agents and their interactions with one another and with competition.  相似文献   

Variability and divergence in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pongamia pinnata</Emphasis> for further use in tree improvement     

B.N.Divakara  Rameshwar Das 《林业研究》2011,22(2):193-200

A total of 24 candidate plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre. were selected to elucidate their variation and diversity based on thirteen quantitative traits (4 pod traits, 6 seed traits of parent trees and 3 progeny traits) at Forest Research Centre, Institute of Forest Productivity — Mandar, Ranchi district during 2005–2007. The results show that, CPT-19 had maximum for seven traits viz, pod length (65.6 mm), 100-pod weight (542.4 g), seed 2D (two dimension) area (351.2 mm²), seed length (27.9 mm), seed breadth (17.4 mm), 100-seed weight (217.9 g) and plant height (164.3 cm). The traits, 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight had a high heritability (98.4%, 96.9%) accompanied with high genetic advance (46.0%, 34.9%). There is a positive significant correlation between 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight traits at both genotypic and phenotypic levels with plant height, collar diameter and volume index at 30 MAS (months after sowing). Volume index expressed a moderate heritability (47.4%) accompanied with high genetic advance (48.4%), indicating that the character is governed by additive gene effects. In divergence study, 24 accessions were grouped into 6 clusters on the basis of non-hierarchical euclidian cluster analysis. The genotypes in cluster IV (CPT-5, CPT-6, CPT-7, CPT-12, CPT-16, CPT-18, CPT-22) and cluster III (CPT-4, CPT-8, CPT-9, CPT-20, CPT-21) were most heterogeneous and can be best used within group hybridization. The wide diversity exists between the cluster V and II, followed by cluster II and I and crosses between CPTs of these clusters may result in substantial segregates. It is revealed that the existence of substantial variation and diversity can be utilized for genetic resource conservation and further tree improvement programmers of the species.  相似文献   

Population status and regeneration of a tropical clumping bamboo <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schizostachyum dullooa</Emphasis> under two management regimes     

Arun Jyoti Nath  Ashesh Kumar Das 《林业研究》2011,21(1):43-46

Schizostachyum dullooa (Gamble) Majumder ‘dolu bamboo’ is a thin walled sympodial moderate sized to large tufted bamboo, dominant in the successional fallows of northeast India. The impact of resource management on productivity and sustainability of the species was evaluated by investigating the population status and regeneration in Cachar tropical semi evergreen forest under private property resource management (PPRM) and common property resource management (CPRM) regimes. Population status revealed current-year, one-year, two-year and three-year-old culms contribute 54%, 24%, 16% and 6% of the total culms per clump, respectively, under PPRM. Three-year-old culms were absent in CPRM and population status was thus represented by current year (83%), one-year (16%) and two-year (1%) old culms. Net change, rate of change and % gain in population for different age classes showed the prevalence of management practices under CPRM was unscientific. Efficiency of new culm production per clump used as an index of regeneration was 69.7% in PPRM and 59.88% in CPRM. New culms produced under CPRM were small and thin. We conclude that CPRM is inappropriate for a long term economic and ecological sustainability of the species and alternative management protocols are needed for conservation of the species.  相似文献   

Age determination of large live trees with inner cavities: radiocarbon dating of Platland tree,a giant African baobab     

Adrian Patrut  Karl F. von Reden  Robert Van Pelt  Diana H. Mayne  Daniel A. Lowy  Dragos Margineanu 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(5):993-1003

• Introduction   

For large trees without a continuous sequence of growth rings in their trunk, such as the African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), the only accurate method for age determination is radiocarbon dating. As of today, this method was limited to dating samples collected from the remains of dead specimens.  相似文献   

Atmospheric Deposition in a Rural Area in India - Net and Potential Acidity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. Granat  S.N. Das  R.S. Tharkur  H. Rodhe 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):469-474

Atmospheric deposition in India is generally described as alkaline and well buffered against an increase of acidifying components. Such conclusion has been based on measurements usually performed in urban or suburban areas. Our data on deposition in NE India (in the countryside N of Bhubaneswar) obtained with wet-only and bulk collectors show that: 1) the weighted mean concentrations (and wet deposition) of H⁺ and HCO₃ ^? are almost equal, with dustfall contributing a negligible amount of HCO₃ ^?, 2) the deposition of potential acidity, defined as the acidity that would give the same acidity contribution to the receiving surface as the actual deposition provided that all ammonium was converted to nitrate in the soil, could be as high as 40 mmol H⁺ m^?2 a^?1 corresponding to a pH of 4.3 in precipitation. The low buffer capacity against acidification and high potential acidity were discovered from long- term measurements in a vegetation covered rural area. Similar measurements in a nearby suburban area gave a much higher input of HCO₃ ^? both in wet deposition and dustfall. Further increase of the emission of acidifying components in the region will increase the acid deposition.  相似文献   

Effect of Moisture and Air Incorporation in the Batter on the Drying Process and Quality of Sun Dried Nugget (Bori)     

Shrikant Baslingappa Swami  S.K. Das  B. Maiti   《Biosystems Engineering》2006,93(4):393-402

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Particle physics. Dreams collide with reality for international experiment     

Cho A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5816):1203

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