Extracellular cyclophilin A possesses chemotaxic activity in cattle     

Satoru Takanashi  Tomonori Nochi  Miku Abe  Nanami Itaya  Megumi Urakawa  Katsuyoshi Sato  Tao Zhuang  Saori Umemura  Tomohito Hayashi  Yoshio Kiku  Haruki Kitazawa  Michael T. Rose  Kouichi Watanabe  Hisashi Aso 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

Cyclophilin A (CyPA) was originally discovered in bovine thymocytes as a cytosolic binding protein of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A. Recent studies have revealed that in mice and humans, CyPA is secreted from cells in injured or infected tissues and plays a role in recruiting inflammatory cells in those tissues. Here we found that in cattle abundant level of extracellular CyPA was observed in tissues with inflammation. To aid in investigating the role of extracellular CyPA in cattle, we generated recombinant bovine CyPA (rbCyPA) and tested its biological activity as an inflammatory mediator. When bovine peripheral blood cells were treated with rbCyPA in vitro, we observed that rbCyPA reacts with the membranous surface of granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. Chemotaxis analysis showed that the granulocytes migrate toward rbCyPA and the migration is inhibited by pre-treatment with an anti-bovine CyPA antibody. These results indicate that, as for mice and humans, extracellular CyPA possesses chemotactic activity to recruit inflammatory cells (e.g., granulocytes) in cattle, and could thus be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammation.  相似文献   

Food allergens inducing a lymphocyte-mediated immunological reaction in canine atopic-like dermatitis     

Akemi SUTO  Yukinori SUTO  Nozomi ONOHARA  Yu TOMIZAWA  Yukiko YAMAMOTO-SUGAWARA  Taro OKAYAMA  Kenichi MASUDA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(2):251-254

Canine atopic-like dermatitis (ALD) is suspected to be associated with food allergies, particularly those mediated by lymphocytes. In this study, 54 cases were included as ALD dogs, based on the negative IgE test results. In the dogs, the percentage of activated cells in helper-T lymphocytes was measured by flow cytometry using cultured peripheral lymphocytes under food allergen stimulation. We observed that 49 of the 54 ALD dogs (90.7%) had positive lymphocyte reactions against one or more food allergens. The most common food allergen was soybean, showing positive results in 21 dogs (42.9%), while the allergen to cause the lowest number of reactions was catfish (only 5 dogs, 10.2%). These results may be useful in considering elimination diets for ALD dogs.  相似文献   

Spontaneous Basal cell carcinoma of the submandibular gland in a rat     

Kobayashi Y  Eda H  Kajino E  Tate Y  Hiruma M  Akie Y  Saito A  Kadota T 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2010,23(3):147-149

At necropsy, a white nodule (about 5 × 3 mm in size) was observed in the right submandibular gland of a 10-week-old female GALAS rat. Histopathologically, oval to spindle-shaped and pale basophilic tumor cells proliferated closely, and formed variably sized foci. The nodule partially spread into or invaded the surrounding normal tissue, and necrotic foci were recognized in the tumor. Immunohistochemically, the nuclei of the tumor cells showed a diffusely positive reaction for p63, and the cytoplasm showed a diffusely positive reaction for cytokeratin and negative reaction for αSMA, vimentin, desmin and S-100. Many tumor cells were positive for PCNA. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells contained many tonofilaments in the cytoplasm and a few desmosomes at the intercellular portion. Based on these findings, the tumor was diagnosed as a basal cell carcinoma originating from the duct in the rat submandibular gland.  相似文献   

Significance of <Emphasis Type="Italic">CmCCD4a</Emphasis> orthologs in apetalous wild chrysanthemum species,responsible for white coloration of ray petals     

Satoshi Yoshioka  Katsuhiko Sumitomo  Yuichi Fujita  Atsuko Yamagata  Takashi Onozaki  Michio Shibata  Akemi Ohmiya 《Euphytica》2010,171(2):295-300

Most chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) flowers have a central capitulum, composed of many disc florets that is surrounded by ray petals. CmCCD4a, a gene that encodes a carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD), is expressed specifically in the ray petals of chrysanthemum cultivars, and its expression leads to white ray petals as a result of carotenoid degradation. Here, we show that wild chrysanthemums with white ray petals have CmCCD4a orthologs, whereas those with yellow ray petals lack these orthologs, as is the case in chrysanthemum cultivars. CmCCD4a orthologs also exist in some lines of Chrysanthemum pacificum and Chrysanthemum shiwogiku, even though these species lack ray petals. Interspecific hybridization between C. shiwogiku and a yellow-flowered chrysanthemum cultivar showed that the CmCCD4a orthologs from C. shiwogiku lead to the development of white ray petals. This indicates that the translation products of the CmCCD4a orthologs maintain enzymatic activity that can degrade carotenoids in chrysanthemums, irrespective of whether or not the ray petals that CmCCD4a expression actually occurred.  相似文献   

Mutation induction with ion beam irradiation of lateral buds of chrysanthemum and analysis of chimeric structure of induced mutants     

Hiroyasu Yamaguchi  Akemi Shimizu  Yoshihiro Hase  Konosuke Degi  Atsushi Tanaka  Toshikazu Morishita 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):97-103

We compared the effects of ion beam and gamma ray irradiation on mutation induction in axillary buds of chrysanthemum, and analyzed the chimeric structure of the resulting mutants. Axillary buds were irradiated with carbon ions at 2 Gy (mean linear energy transfer 122 keV/μm), helium ions at 10 Gy (mean 9 keV/μm), and gamma rays at 80 Gy, all of which have the similar effects on survival. The lower five nodes of the shoots elongating from the irradiated buds were cut one by one, and new shoots were allowed to grow from the axillary buds. This procedure was repeated twice, and flower color mutation was investigated. Chimeric structure was analyzed by comparing the flower color of mutants to that of plants regenerated from the roots. Flower color mutants emerged at a high frequency (17.4–28.8%), and there were no significant differences in the mutation frequency between the treatments. All the flower color mutants induced with gamma rays were periclinal chimeras. In contrast, some mutants obtained with ion beams had the same flower color as that of the plants derived from the roots. This suggests that they were solid mutants, where both LI and LIII tissues were derived from the same mutated cell. Solid mutants were also obtained when irradiated with 5 Gy of helium ions, which had less effect on survival and mutation than other treatments. Factors for obtaining solid mutants only with ion beams are also discussed.  相似文献   

Moisture Distribution and Diffusion in Cooked Spaghetti Studied by NMR Imaging and Diffusion Model     

Akemi K. Horigane  Shigehiro Naito  Mamoru Kurimoto  Kentaro Irie  Masaharu Yamada  Hirofumi Motoi  Mitsuru Yoshida 《Cereal Chemistry》2006,83(3):235-242

Moisture diffusion in spaghetti during boiling and holding after boiling was analyzed with a cylinder diffusion model based on moisture content mapped by magnetic resonance imaging. The images showed water penetrating concentrically in the cross section of a cooked spaghetti strand. The moisture profiles calculated from the images refracted near the central part in undercooked spaghetti due to the presence of ungelatinized starch. The moisture profiles of the samples with different holding times intersected around one‐third of the radius from the surface. The slope of the moisture profile decreased along with the holding time while the moisture content at the intersection remained unchanged. The diffusion coefficients were determined statistically for the fully gelatinized region with a cylinder model. The theoretical moisture profiles calculated using such coefficients fitted very well to experimental data. The diffusion coefficients of dried spaghetti were smaller than those of fresh spaghetti at both boiling and holding periods, suggesting that the moisture transport property had been reduced by the drying process during manufacture of spaghetti. The diffusion coefficients decreased with increases in boiling and holding times. The diffusion model with a constant diffusion coefficient is, therefore, valid in a limited boiling or holding time.  相似文献   

Sampling performance and operational quality of a frame trawl used to catch juvenile fish     

Kazuhiko Itaya  Yasuzumi Fujimori  Daisuke Shiode  Ichiro Aoki  Takashi Yonezawa  Susumu Shimizu  Teisuke Miura 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(3):436-443

SUMMARY: A sampling trawl with a rigid mouth; that is, the frame trawl, was designed so as to catch the large larval and juvenile fish more efficiently. The net consisted of four 13 m panels (nylon multifilament and twine diameter φ 0.75 mm, mesh size 8 mm). The frame of the net's mouth was composed of four stainless steel pipes (length 4 m, diameter φ 76 mm, thickness 5 mm). Several operations were conducted to investigate the capability of catching juveniles. A lot of Sardinops melanostictus juveniles, which are generally difficult to catch, were caught during every operation. Underwater observations proved that juveniles could not elude the capture. The frame trawl requires no special handling and is possible to operate in a rough sea.  相似文献   

Effect of towing speed and net mouth size on catch efficiency in framed midwater trawls     

Kuzuhiko Itaya  Yasuzumi Fujimori  Susumu Shimizu  Teruhisa Komatsu  Teisuke Miura 《Fisheries Science》2007,73(5):1007-1016

ABSTRACT:   To investigate fish density using rigid-mouth, towed net gear, such as a framed midwater trawl (FMT), it is necessary to know the catch efficiency. The catch efficiency with an FMT is described as the rate of fish entering the net (entering rate) versus the rate of fish retention, i.e. the mesh selectivity. This study investigated the change in the catch efficiency under several towing conditions using three types of FMT of different net mouth areas (4.0, 12.3, and 16.0 m²) with the same mesh size. The catch efficiency of the FMT was evaluated by comparing catch per unit effort obtained from each towing condition. The catch efficiency of FMT varied with towing speed and net mouth area. Particularly, the effect of net mouth area on the catch efficiency was greater than that of towing speed. Additionally, under the same towing condition, the catch efficiency for large length fish was lower than that for small length fish.  相似文献   

Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare infection in a captive white eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) at a Japanese zoo     

Murata K  Nii R  Sasaki E  Ishikawa S  Sato Y  Sawabe K  Tsuda Y  Matsumoto R  Suda A  Ueda M 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(2):203-205

An adult male white eared-pheasant (Crossoptilon crossoptilon) at a Japanese zoo exhibited lethargy and emaciation. Microscopic examination of a blood smear revealed a haemosporidian parasitic infection. Based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the parasite, it was identified as Plasmodium (Bennettinia) juxtanucleare. This is the first report of P. juxtanucleare infection in bird species belonging to the genus Crossoptilon. Caution against avian malaria infection is required for the conservation of endangered bird species in zoos.  相似文献   

Comparison of factors affecting recruitment variability of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan off northern Japan     

Tetsuichiro Funamoto  Orio Yamamura  Osamu Shida  Kazuhiko Itaya  Ken Mori  Yoshiaki Hiyama  Yasunori Sakurai 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(2):117-126

The Japanese Pacific stock (JPS) and the northern Japan Sea stock (JSS) of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma are mainly distributed in the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan off northern Japan, respectively. This paper summarizes and compares the factors affecting the recruitment variability of these two stocks. Spawning season is from December to March for both stocks. JPS recruitment has a positive relationship with the water temperature in January and February, whereas that of JSS has a negative relationship with the water temperature in January, February, and April. One possible reason for this is that pollock larvae have an optimum growth temperature of approximately 5 °C in the field. Drift of early life stages also appears to be an important influence on the recruitment of both stocks. Because the current generated by the northwest wind carries eggs of JPS into the main larval nursery ground, JPS recruitment is enhanced in years when the northwest wind is predominant in February. On the other hand, early life stages of JSS are transported into the nursery ground by the Tsushima Warm Current. However, this current also carries early life stages into the Sea of Okhotsk and offshore, resulting in poor JSS recruitment in years when this current is strong in March. In contrast to JPS, the recruitment of which is significantly impacted by cannibalism, young pollock have not been found in the stomachs of adult JSS. Warm temperatures in the Sea of Japan seem to induce the separation of young and adult pollock, and the shape of the stock–recruitment relationship also suggests that cannibalism is not important for JSS. Based on this knowledge, and on the hatch date distributions of larvae and juveniles, we propose mechanisms that can explain the recruitment fluctuations for JPS and JSS pollock.  相似文献