Inheritance of low pasting temperature in sweetpotato starch and the dosage effect of wild-type alleles     

Kenji Katayama  Seiji Tamiya  Tetsufumi Sakai  Yumi Kai  Akiko Ohara-Takada  Toshikazu Kuranouchi  Masaru Yoshinaga 《Breeding Science》2015,65(4):352-356

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), which is an outcrossing hexaploid, is one of the most important starch-producing crops in the world. During the last decade, new sweetpotato cultivars, e.g. ‘Quick Sweet’, which have approximately 20°C lower pasting temperature, slower retrogradation and higher digestibility of raw starch than ordinary cultivars, have been developed in Japan. Genetic analysis of these variants with low pasting temperature starch was conducted in this study. Using 8 variants and 15 normal clones, 26 families were generated. The results from analyzing these progenies suggested that this trait is a qualitative character controlled by one recessive allele (designated spt), which is inherited in a hexasomic manner. A dosage effect of the wild-type Spt allele was found for starch pasting temperature, although the effect was not linear. These results will aid breeders to develop sweetpotato cultivars with a range of starch pasting temperatures.  相似文献   

Cacao polyphenols influence the regulation of apolipoprotein in HepG2 and Caco2 cells     

Yasuda A  Natsume M  Osakabe N  Kawahata K  Koga J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(4):1470-1476

Cocoa powder is rich in polyphenols, such as catechins and procyanidins, and has been shown to inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and atherogenesis in a variety of models. Human studies have also shown daily intake of cocoa increases plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreases LDL levels. However, the mechanisms responsible for these effects of cocoa on cholesterol metabolism have yet to be fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of cacao polyphenols on the production of apolipoproteins A1 and B in human hepatoma HepG2 and intestinal Caco2 cell lines. The cultured HepG2 cells or Caco2 cells were incubated for 24 h in the presence of cacao polyphenols such as (-)-epicatechin, (+)-catechin, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, and cinnamtannin A2. The concentration of apolipoproteins in the cell culture media was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunoassay, and the mRNA expression was quantified by RT-PCR. Cacao polyphenols increased apolipoprotein A1 protein levels and mRNA expression, even though apolipoprotein B protein and the mRNA expression were slightly decreased in both HepG2 cells and Caco2 cells. In addition, cacao polyphenols increased sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) and activated LDL receptors in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that cacao polyphenols may increase the production of mature form SREBPs and LDL receptor activity, thereby increasing ApoA1 and decreasing ApoB levels. These results elucidate a novel mechanism by which HDL cholesterol levels become elevated with daily cocoa intake.  相似文献   

Geographical variation in skull morphology of gray-bellied squirrel Callosciurus caniceps     

Hayashida A  Endo H  Sasaki M  Oshida T  Kimura J  Waengsothorn S  Kitamura N  Yamada J 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(2):149-157

The geographical variation of the gray-bellied squirrel (Callosciurus caniceps) was examined using osteometry of skull in Southeast Asia. From the principal component analysis (PCA), the plots of the northern localities from Nan to Kanchanaburi and those of the southern localities from Narathiwat to Kuala Lumpur in male were completely separated. In female, the plots of the locality from Uttradit to Kanchanaburi and those of the locality from Pattani to Negri Sembilan were completely separated. We called these northern localities and southern localities which are distinguished by the PCA as N group and S group. The size and shape of the skulls of these squirrels indicated the differences between N group and S group from t-test and U-test. These results may be influenced by the two transitions of the phytogeography around the southernmost locality in N group and the northernmost locality in S group in the peninsular Thailand and Malay Peninsula. Localities which are located between N and S groups were called the Middle (M) group. From the PCA among N, S groups and each locality of M group, the plots of localities such as Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumphon, Krabi, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Trang in both sexes of M group could not be separated from those of N and S groups. We suggest that the sympatric distribution of N and S groups and the hybrid of N and S populations may be seen in these localities of M group.  相似文献   

Colitis associated with Clostridium difficile in specific-pathogen-free C3H-scid mice     

Kawano A  Ikeda M  Iritani R  Kinoshita A  Watanabe K  Hayao T  Kokubo T  Matsushita S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(9):973-975

Soft feces and a decreased delivery rate were observed in a specific-pathogen-free (SPF) C3H-scid mouse breeding colony. Grossly, the ceca were shrunken and edematous in the affected mice. Histopathologically, severe edema in the cecal submucosa as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria and submucosa of the ceca and colon were observed. No pathogenic microorganisms were detected by the routine microbiological tests. By anaerobic bacterial-examination, Clostridium (C.) difficile with toxin A was isolated from the cecal contents of the affected mice. The mice were diagnosed with C. difficile-associated colitis. This case appears to be the first report of natural infection with C. difficile in SPF mice with clinical signs.  相似文献   

Characterization of cDNA and genomic sequences encoding a canine chemokine receptor, CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12     

Tsuchida S  Kagi A  Takahashi T 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,116(3-4):219-225

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Knockout of targeted gene in porcine somatic cells using zinc‐finger nuclease          下载免费PDF全文

Shin Hisamatsu  Motoharu Sakaue  Akiko Takizawa  Tsubasa Kato  Maki Kamoshita  Junya Ito  Naomi Kashiwazaki 《Animal Science Journal》2015,86(2):132-137

Targeted genome editing is a widely applicable approach for efficiently modifying any sequence of interest in animals. It is very difficult to generate knock‐out and knock‐in animals except for mice up to now. Very recently, a method of genome editing using zinc‐finger nucleases (ZFNs) has been developed to produce knockout rats. Since only injection of ZFNs into the pronuclear (PN) embryo is required, it seems to be useful for generating gene‐targeted animals, including domestic species. However, no one has reported the successful production of knockout pigs by direct injection of ZFNs into PN embryos. We examined whether ZFN works on editing the genome of porcine growth hormone receptor in two kinds of cell lines (ST and PT‐K75) derived from the pig as a preliminary study. Our data showed that pZFN1/2 vectors were efficiently transfected into both ST and PT‐K75 cells. In both cell lines, results from Cel‐I assay showed that modification of the targeted gene was confirmed. We injected ZFN1/2 mRNAs into the nucleus of PN stage embryos and then they were transferred to the recipients. However, pups were not delivered. Taken together, ZFN can be an available technology of genome editing even in the pig but further improvement will be required for generating genome‐modified pigs.  相似文献   

Anti-hypertensive substances in fermented soybean,natto   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

Akiko Okamoto  Hiroshi Hanagata  Yukio Kawamura  Fujiharu Yanagida 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1995,47(1):39-47

Natto is a traditional Japenese fermented food made by fermenting boiled soy beans withBacillus natto. Its contents of inhibitors against the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, EC3.4.15.1) were investigated. Relatively strong inhibitory activity (IC₅₀:0.4 mg/ml, 11.8 inhibition units/g natto) was detected in natto extracts and the inhibitory activity observed in the viscous fraction was more potent than in the bean extract. Two groups of inhibitors in the viscous material, high and low molecular weight inhibitors, were resolved by dialysis test. The inhibitor of high molecular weight was a protein with low IC₅₀ value (0.12 mg/ml). The two types of low molecular weight inhibitors were detected in ethanol extracts (IC₅₀: 0.53 mg/ml and 0.95 mg/ml) and they were found to be stable over a wide range of pH and temperature up to 100°C. They were different in the mode of ACE inhibition. One is competitive, and the other noncompetitive against the hydrolysis of Bz-Gly-His-Leu by ACE.  相似文献   

Effects of shifting cultivation on soil ecosystems in Sarawak,Malaysia     

Sota Tanaka  Joseph Jawa Kendawang  Jun Ishihara  Kenji Shibata  Akiko Kou  Augustine Jee 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):689-699

Experimental shifting cultivation was conducted at the Balai Ringin (B. Ringin) and Sabal sites in Sarawak, Malaysia. At the sites, plots (10 x 10 m²) were burned with the fuel of aboveground biomass amounting to 0 (control), 100, 200, and 300 Mg ha^-1. At the B. Ringin site, the soils were clayey and strongly weathered with a strongly acidic characteristic. Ash addition enabled to alleviate the soil acidity and to increase the amounts of nutrients of the soils, especially the surface soils. It was indicated that 1) N addition from ash to the soils was negligible, 2) the losses of nutrients by runoff water were not substantial compared with the amounts of nutrients contained in ash, 3) ash alkalinity seemed to be consumed for inactivating exchangeable AI mainly in the surface soils, and 4) development of variable negative charges could contribute to the retention of inorganic bases derived from ash. After harvest of upland rice, the soil chemical properties in the plots treated with 100 and 200 Mg ha-1 fuel returned to the levels before burning, indicating the rapid loss of nutrients due to leaching and erosion as well as the uptake by plants. However, the soils treated with 300 Mg ha^-1 fuel still showed high contents of exchangeable bases and a low content of exchangeable AI. On the other hand, the soils at the Sabal site were sandy and were characterized by a very low nutrient status. The changes in the amounts of nutrients by ash addition were similar to those at the B. Ringin site. However, the changes in the level of exchangeable AI which were not appreciable were probably due to the low AI content. It was postulated that because of the sandy texture and low CEC of the soils, inorganic bases contained in ash were only suspended in the soil solution. Taking into account the low yield of rice and low level of secondary biomass, it appeared that most of the nutrients were lost downward in soils by leaching.  相似文献   

Translocation of serine from leaves to roots in tobacco plants     

Daisuke Yoshida  Akiko Hirato 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(5):183-189

It has been reported that nitrogen in the leaves of tobacco plant was translocated to the stem and root during the ripening period (1). Free amino acids in the leaves would play an important role in the translocation of nitrogen. It was also reported that the amino acids injected into the tobacco leaves were translocated to the roots (2,3). It seems probable that the translocation of amino acids would be characteristic among the individual amino acid. As reported previously, ¹⁴C assimilated in the leaves is translocated rapidly to the roots (2). Although it has been well known that the photosynthetic product was translocated mainly in the form of sugar, possibility that a part of photosynthetic products is translocated in the form of amino acid would be expected, because the carbon is incorporated rapidly into some of the amino acids, such as glycine, serine and alanine (4).  相似文献   

Mild drying of sandy soil can physically limit the uptake of phosphorus by rainfed lowland rice in northeast Thailand     

Ryoya Seto  Kazuhiko Fujisao  Akiko Toriumi  Koki Homma  Ryosuke Tajima 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):677-685

ABSTRACT

Poor response of rice to phosphorus (P) fertilization and low phytoavailability of soil P have been reported in sandy rainfed fields in northeast Thailand. In order to evaluate the effects of mild soil drying on the uptake of P by rainfed lowland rice, we carried out nutrient omission trials for nitrogen (N) and P at Ubon Ratchathani Rice Research Center under rainfed and flooded conditions. The surface soil was classified as sandy loam. To avoid severe soil drying and drought stress in the rainfed field, soil water potential at a depth of 20 cm was maintained at the field capacity (> ?20 kPa) by flush irrigation. The effects of flooding and drying on the soil properties were also evaluated in the laboratory using soils with diverse textures in and around the center. In the field experiments, the above-ground biomass of rice plants (RD6) did not respond significantly to P fertilization in the rainfed field, although it responded positively to N fertilization. Root length in the surface 10 cm under the rainfed condition was significantly smaller than that under the flooded condition due partly to the increased soil hardness upon drying, but this could not quantitatively explain the large discrepancy of P uptake observed between the rainfed and flooded conditions. Under the rainfed condition, the P uptake did not increase significantly, even when the concentration of soil Bray P was tripled by transferring the surface soil from the flooded to the rainfed field. From the laboratory experiments, it was further suggested that soil P was supplied mainly by diffusion and that the effective diffusion coefficient for P can become less than one-tenth of the value in the flooded field when the sandy soil with clay at around 10% dried to ?100 kPa. Our results suggest that the uptake of P by the rainfed lowland rice grown in sandy soil can be limited physically by mild soil drying that reduces the supply of P to roots by diffusion rather than the chemical extractability of soil P.  相似文献