The role of Eskimo hunters, veterinarians, and other biologists in improving the humane aspects of the subsistence harvest of bowhead whales     

O'Hara TM  Albert TF  Oen EO  Philo LM  George JC  Ingling AL 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1999,214(8):1193-1198

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Shifts in disease resistance induced by growth regulators     

O. M. van Andel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1968,74(1):113-120

Experiments on the effect of various compounds with plant growth regulating activity led to the hypothesis that conditions inhibitory to indoleacetic acid (IAA) action or leading to a decrease in the IAA level in cucumber seedlings would be unfavourable for the development of cucumber scab, caused byCladosporium cucumerinum. Susceptibility decreased as the result of treatment with growth retardants, which cause an increase in IAA-oxidase activity in the plants, whereas application of indoleacetic acid or compounds expected to decrease the rate of oxidative breakdown of IAA in the seedlings resulted in an increase of susceptibility. Growing the plants under various periods of illumination also influenced both the susceptibility of the plants and the IAA-oxidase activity in the hypocotyl tissue.To obtain further information about the relation between the increase in resistance and the increase in the rate of IAA oxidation, the effect of one compound, viz. L-threo-β-phenylserine (abbr. phenylserine) was studied in more detail. The rate of oxidative breakdown of IAA was increased in extracts of hypocotyls and cotyledons of plants treated with phenylserine as compared with extracts of tissue of untreated plants. Extracts of phenylserine-treated plants were found to contain a higher cofactor and/or a lower inhibitor content than those of control plants. The substances involved were not identified, but this result may indicate a shift in the concentrations of various phenols in the tissue.The question must remain open whether a shift in the concentration of phenols some-how effected by phenylserine treatment determines both degree of susceptibility and rate of IAA oxidation independently, or whether the rate of IAA breakdown and the resulting change in IAA content in the plants is directly related to the degree of susceptibility.  相似文献   

Incidence of salmonellae in captive and wild free-living raptorial birds in central Spain     

Reche MP  Jiménez PA  Alvarez F  García de los Rios JE  Rojas AM  de Pedro P 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2003,50(1):42-44

A total of 595 faecal samples from raptorial birds, either captive or free-living, residing in GREFA Wildlife Hospital were bacteriologically examined using various selective media and an Automated Diagnostic Assay System for Salmonella detection. Serotype and phage type of the strains identified as Salmonella was determined. In the captive group, of the 285 samples examined, 21 (7.36%) were positive for Salmonella. Serotyping revealed that most of the individuals were infected by Salmonella serotype Havana. This result suggested that there could be a source of contamination in the Hospital although it could not be established. In the wild free-living group, over 310 samples examined (4.19%) were positive for Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates showed a major variety of serotypes: Enteritidis, Adelaide, Brandenburg, Newport, Typhimurium, Hadar, Saintpaul and Virchow. Most of them are similar to those commonly described in isolates from human and domestic animals. These results indicate that wild birds could be involved in the dissemination of Salmonella in humans or domestic animals or vice versa.  相似文献   

New potyvirus isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptotaenia japonica</Emphasis>     

Kentaro Okuno  Tomoko Hama  Minoru Takeshita  Naruto Furuya  Yoichi Takanami 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(2):138-142

 A potyvirus, for which the name Japanese hornwort mosaic virus (JHMV) is proposed, was isolated from Japanese hornwort plants (Cryptotaenia japonica) with mosaic disease symptoms. The virus was used to inoculate mechanically 34 plants belonging to 33 species of 10 families. Of these species seven from two families were infected. Faint chlorotic spots appeared on the inoculated leaves of Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor, but no systemic infection occurred in these plants. JHMV systemically infected only Umbelliferae plants; they did not infect 26 other species in eight families. JHMV was transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by aphids (Myzus persicae). The virus was a flexuous rod-shaped particle about 750 nm in length. Sequencing the nucleotides in the 3′ terminal region of JHMV revealed that the coat protein contains 280 amino acids with a molecular mass of 32.2 kDa. The nucleotide sequence of the coat protein of JHMV had the highest similarity with that of Zantedeschia mosaic virus (83.3%) compared to those of other potyviruses (57.0%–64.9%). An antiserum against JHMV reacted strongly with JHMV and weakly with Potato virus Y. These results indicate that JHMV is a new potyvirus. Received: September 9, 2002 / Accepted: November 7, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" The nucleotide sequence determined in this work appears in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank nucleotide sequence databases with the accession number AB081518  相似文献   

Herbicide resistance in Aster squamatus conferred by a less sensitive form of acetolactate synthase     

Osuna MD  Fischer AJ  De Prado R 《Pest management science》2003,59(11):1210-1216

A biotype of Aster squamatus (Sprengel) Hieronymus with suspected resistance to the ALS-inhibiting herbicide imazapyr was detected in a chicken farm in the province of Seville, Spain, which had been treated once a year with imazapyr for 10 years. Resistance to imazapyr in this biotype was studied using dose-response experiments, absorption and translocation assays, metabolism studies and ALS activity assays. The rate of imazapyr required to inhibit A squamatus growth by 50% (ED50) was 15 times higher for the R (resistant) than for the S (susceptible) biotype. Cross-resistance existed for the ALS-inhibitors imazamox, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, triasulfuron and tribenuron, but not for bensulfuron. Control of A squamatus using alternative herbicides was poor with clopyralid, intermediate with quinclorac, amitrole and MCPA, and excellent with 2,4-D, glufosinate and glyphosate. Absorption of [14C]imazapyr increased over time for both the R and S biotypes, and translocation from the treated leaf to shoots and roots was similar in both biotypes, with most of the radioactivity remaining in the treated leaf. No metabolites of imazapyr were detected in either biotype. Sensitivity of the ALS enzyme (target site) to imazapyr was lower for the R biotype (I50(R) = 4.28 x I50(S)). The mechanism of imazapyr resistance in this R biotype appears to be an altered ALS conferring decreased sensitivity to imazapyr at the whole-plant level.  相似文献   

Isolation and characterization of immortalized porcine aortic endothelial cell lines   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Carrillo A  Chamorro S  Rodríguez-Gago M  Alvarez B  Molina MJ  Rodríguez-Barbosa JI  Sánchez A  Ramírez P  Muñoz A  Domínguez J  Parrilla P  Yélamos J 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2002,89(1-2):91-98

Primary porcine endothelial cells have a limited life span in culture. After four to five passages, they tend to de-differentiate and eventually reach senescence. The aim of this work was to establish immortalized porcine aortic endothelial cell lines (AOCs) to facilitate in vitro studies of different pathological process involving the endothelium. Primary porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) were transfected with a plasmid containing the SV40 genome and selected on the basis of morphological and phenotypical features. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated uptake of acetylated low density lipoproteins (Ac-LDL) and constitutive expression of SLA class I, CD29, CD31, CD41/61, CD80/86, CD46, SWC3, and LAMP-1 antigens by all analyzed lines and showed little differences to primary cells. The functional similarity between primary and immortalized endothelial cells was demonstrated in a cytotoxicity assay using a human natural killer cell line (NKL) as effector. The AOCs cell lines should be valuable tools for in vitro study of the human immune response against pig endothelial cells. In addition, they would be very useful to gain insight in the pathogenesis of some viral haemorrhagic diseases of pig such as African swine fever (ASF) or classical swine fever (CSF).  相似文献   

The inflammatory cell infiltrates in porcine cysticercosis: immunohistochemical analysis during various stages of infection     

Londoño DP  Alvarez JI  Trujillo J  Jaramillo MM  Restrepo BI 《Veterinary parasitology》2002,109(3-4):249-259

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DNA sequences coding for the F18 fimbriae and AIDA adhesin are localised on the same plasmid in Escherichia coli isolates from piglets   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Mainil JG  Jacquemin E  Pohl P  Kaeckenbeeck A  Benz I 《Veterinary microbiology》2002,86(4):303-311

The adhesin-involved-in-diffuse-adherence (AIDA) afimbrial adhesin is produced by human, but not by animal, Escherichia coli, with the exception of German porcine verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) [Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 8 (2001) 143]. Presence and localisation of DNA sequences (aidA) coding for and production of an AIDA adhesin were investigated in a collection of Belgian VTEC and non-VTEC E. coli isolated from piglets at weaning time. The 174 isolates were also studied by colony hybridisation for the presence of DNA sequences coding for the Stx2e verocytotoxin and the F18 fimbrial adhesin (fed): 71 were Stx2+F18+AIDA+, 26 were F18+AIDA+, 12 were AIDA+, two were Stx2+AIDA+, and one was Stx2+ only. Fifty-four of the 58 (F18+)AIDA+ isolates tested positive in a western blotting assay with an immune serum raised against the AIDA protein. Hybridisation with the AIDA gene probe on plasmid DNA profiles identified a probe-positive plasmid band in the 10 AIDA+ and in 24 of the 25 F18+AIDA+ isolates studied. Moreover in F18+AIDA+ isolates, only one plasmid band hybridised with both F18 and AIDA probes. These results confirm the presence of aidA-related genes in not only VTEC, but also non-VTEC, isolates from piglets and the production of an antigenically AIDA-related protein by the majority of probe-positive E. coli. Moreover the plasmid DNA hybridisation results suggest a localisation on the same plasmid of the aidA- and fed-related DNA sequences.  相似文献   

Effects of intraovarian infusion of insulin-like growth factor-I on ovarian follicular function in cattle     

Spicer LJ  Alvarez P  Prado TM  Morgan GL  Hamilton TD 《Domestic animal endocrinology》2000,18(2):265-278

The objective of this study was to determine if increased secretion of intraovarian insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), experimentally induced via minipumps, affects follicular function in cattle. Fourteen cycling Holstein cows were divided equally into two groups: Control, osmotic minipumps (containing vehicle) surgically inserted into each ovary, or IGF-I treated, osmotic minipumps as in Controls but pumping 2.0 microg of recombinant human IGF-I per hr for 7 days. All cows were synchronized with prostaglandin F(2alpha) 0.10) between Control and IGF-I-treated cows during Days 2 to 6 of treatment. IGF-I treatment increased (P<0.05) estradiol concentrations in follicular fluid of small follicles, but had no effect (P<0.10) on estradiol concentrations in follicular fluid of large follicles, or on progesterone, androstenedione, or IGF binding protein concentrations in small or large follicles. We conclude that a 7-day infusion of IGF-I directly into the stroma of the ovary altered follicular growth and follicular fluid estradiol concentrations.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the sensitivity of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to detect porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on individual and pooled samples from boars.     

Albert Rovira  Travis Clement  Jane Christopher-Hennings  Bob Thompson  Mark Engle  Darwin Reicks  Claudia Mu?oz-Zanzi 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2007,19(5):502-509

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