Fat mobilization in adipose tissue is promoted by adipose triglyceride lipase   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Zimmermann R  Strauss JG  Haemmerle G  Schoiswohl G  Birner-Gruenberger R  Riederer M  Lass A  Neuberger G  Eisenhaber F  Hermetter A  Zechner R 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5700):1383-1386

Mobilization of fatty acids from triglyceride stores in adipose tissue requires lipolytic enzymes. Dysfunctional lipolysis affects energy homeostasis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Until now, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was the only enzyme known to hydrolyze triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue. Here, we report that a second enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis. It is interesting that ATGL contains a "patatin domain" common to plant acyl-hydrolases. ATGL is highly expressed in adipose tissue of mice and humans. It exhibits high substrate specificity for triacylglycerol and is associated with lipid droplets. Inhibition of ATGL markedly decreases total adipose acyl-hydrolase activity. Thus, ATGL and HSL coordinately catabolize stored triglycerides in adipose tissue of mammals.  相似文献   

Spongiatriol Inhibits Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells     

Esther Guzmán  Michael Maher  Alexis Temkin  Tara Pitts  Amy Wright 《Marine drugs》2013,11(4):1140-1151

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The Management of Small Diameter,Lesser-Known Hardwood Species as Polewood in Forest Communities of Central Quintana Roo,Mexico     

Alexis E. Racelis  James A. Barsimantov 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1-2):122-144

ABSTRACT

Diversification in resource management can serve as a strategy to increase both economic well-being and environmental sustainability in rural communities, especially in tropical forested regions. This paper documents and analyzes the recent and rapid regional commercialization of small diameter, lesser-known tropical hardwood species as polewood in Quintana Roo, Mexico, presenting the promises and perils for sustainable management and resource diversification in the context of Mexican economic development and community forestry. We present data from interviews with local farmers and forestry officials involved in community management of timber resources to reveal baseline information regarding the use and management of polewood, locally called palizada. We found the same permitting system used for high-value timber was implemented for polewood without recognizing the complex ecological characteristics of polewood and the different metrics by which polewood and high-value timber are bought and sold. These factors, coupled with an unstable market for this new forest product and potential for overexploitation, present a difficult situation for the sustainable management of polewood. We conclude that incorporating local ecological knowledge in devising polewood management strategies can strengthen local governance and is an essential aspect of managing this emerging market of forest products.  相似文献   

Prevalence of feline leukaemia provirus DNA in feline lymphomas     

Weiss AT  Klopfleisch R  Gruber AD 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(12):929-935

A significant drop in the prevalence of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antigenaemic cats and antigen-associated lymphomas has been observed after the introduction of FeLV vaccination and antigen-testing with removal of persistently antigenaemic cats. However, recent reports have indicated that regressively infected cats may contain FeLV provirus DNA and that lymphoma development may be associated with the presence of provirus alone. In the present study, we investigated the presence of FeLV antigen and provirus DNA in 50 lymphomas by immunohistochemistry and semi-nested polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Interestingly, almost 80% of T-cell lymphomas and 60% of B-cell lymphomas contained provirus DNA while only 21% of T-cell lymphomas and 11% of B-cell lymphomas expressed FeLV antigen. In conclusion, our results support previous hypotheses that vaccination and removal of persistently antigenaemic cats have led to a drop in FeLV antigen-expressing lymphomas. However, FeLV provirus DNA is still present in a high percentage of feline lymphomas.  相似文献   

Soil fertility and GIS raster models for tropical agroforestry planning in economically depressed and contaminated Caribbean areas (coffee and kidney bean plantations)     

Stervins Alexis  Luis G. García-Montero  Ana J. Hernández  Antonio García-Abril  Jesús Pastor 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(3):381-391

In the jaragua-bahoruco-enriquillo biosphere reserve, located on the southern border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti, there are depressed rural areas with soils with high content in Cadmium and other heavy metals which originate naturally in the geological substrate. Data from 80 soils and an inventory of 76 plantations (coffee and kidney bean were used) to design a GIS (geographic information systems) tool which integrated statistical multivariate methods, soil parameters including heavy metal content into models of land planning, agricultural development, forests and protection of the health of the area’s inhabitants and the natural environment. This GIS tool is based on raster models of an open source, which use combination and reclassification operations based on the maps, geostatistical methods (Kriging), statistical analyses external to the GIS, and cartography of limiting and excluding particular factors for crops (including heavy metal soil content). The GIS tool developed discriminates extreme situations in sustainable agroforestry planning in contaminated rural areas of the Caribbean, Central America and other tropical regions.  相似文献   

Epicormics in 13-year-old Quercus petraea: small effect of provenance and large influence of branches and growth unit limits     

Francis Colin  Alexis Ducousso  Florence Fontaine 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(3):312-312

? The provenance effect on epicormics is poorly documented and restricted to epicormic shoots. Our objective was to characterize the relationship between epicormics and provenance on 13-year-old Quercus petraea trees, taking into account their growth traits.

? On the growth units (GU) studied, epicormics were essentially isolated buds (95%) and they were mainly located at branch bases, secondarily on GU limits and marginally on lateral position. Provenance effect was very small on the number of epicormics and slightly larger on the number of branches and GU limits. On the contrary, the growth situation-independently from provenance-proved to have a larger effect on the 2 latter growth traits.

? Altogether, these results clearly show the predominant effect of morphological traits and thus of ontogeny. This opens important research perspectives: how growth conditions and genetics (at progeny and individual levels) influence height growth, setting and fate of axillary buds on the one hand and fate of epicormic buds inserted directly on the stem, or at branch bases on the other hand.

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Structure-Activity Relationships of the Bioactive Thiazinoquinone Marine Natural Products Thiaplidiaquinones A and B     

Jacquie L. Harper  Iman M. Khalil  Lisa Shaw  Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki  Jo?lle Dubois  Alexis Valentin  David Barker  Brent R. Copp 《Marine drugs》2015,13(8):5102-5110

In an effort to more accurately define the mechanism of cell death and to establish structure-activity relationship requirements for the marine meroterpenoid alkaloids thiaplidiaquinones A and B, we have evaluated not only the natural products but also dioxothiazine regioisomers and two precursor quinones in a range of bioassays. While the natural products were found to be weak inducers of ROS in Jurkat cells, the dioxothiazine regioisomer of thiaplidiaquinone A and a synthetic precursor to thiaplidiaquinone B were found to be moderately potent inducers. Intriguingly, and in contrast to previous reports, the mechanism of Jurkat cell death (necrosis vs. apoptosis) was found to be dependent upon the positioning of one of the geranyl sidechains in the compounds with thiaplidiaquinone A and its dioxothiazine regioisomer causing death dominantly by necrosis, while thiaplidiaquinone B and its dioxothiazine isomer caused cell death via apoptosis. The dioxothiazine regioisomer of thiaplidiaquinone A exhibited more potent in vitro antiproliferative activity against human tumor cells, with NCI sub-panel selectivity towards melanoma cell lines. The non-natural dioxothiazine regioisomers were also more active in antiplasmodial and anti-farnesyltransferase assays than their natural product counterparts. The results highlight the important role that natural product total synthesis can play in not only helping understand the structural basis of biological activity of natural products, but also the discovery of new bioactive scaffolds.  相似文献   

Biological characteristics of the hydrological landscapes in the Bay of Biscay in spring 2009          下载免费PDF全文

Ainhoa Lezama‐Ochoa  Daniel Grados  Anne Lebourges‐Dhaussy  Xabier Irigoien  Alexis Chaigneau  Arnaud Bertrand 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(1):26-41

In the present study we investigated the biogeography of macrozooplankton and fish biomass in the Bay of Biscay. In this region, we defined six different landscapes based on the hydrogeographical characteristics observed in spring 2009. We then related landscape's characteristics and environmental parameters such as light attenuation depth and chlorophyll‐a with macrozooplankton and fish acoustic biomass. Hydrodynamic structures together with coastal influences (river discharges, predation pressure and depth preference) and vertical thermohaline structure/mixing (feeding modes and ability to stay in preferred layers) appeared as the main factors determining the biological distribution. Besides, variance partitioning was used to assess the respective roles played by the hydrological environment, the geographical space and the biological environment alone, and their interactions. Results revealed that: (i) macrozooplankton and fish have a preference for different hydrogeographical landscapes; (ii) the association between hydrological conditions and geographical features, i.e. the spatial structure of the hydrological environment, plays a key role in the distribution of macrozooplankton; and (iii) prey–predator relationships have to be taken into account to provide a comprehensive characterization of habitat suitability.  相似文献   

Effects of DL-methionine-supplemented dietary soy protein concentrate on growth performance and intestinal enzyme activity of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.)     

Fotini Kokou  George Rigos  Maroudio Kentouri  Maria Alexis 《Aquaculture International》2016,24(1):257-271

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Executive summary of the CATalyst Council's cat-friendly practice makeover study     

Tennyson B  Brunt J  Nahama A 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,241(1):58-62

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