不同利用方式下中国农田土壤有机碳密度特征及区域差异   总被引：32，自引：2，他引：32  

许泉  芮雯奕  何航  吴峰  罗鸿  卞新民  张卫建 《中国农业科学》2006,39(12):2505-2510

【目的】研究农田土壤有机碳密度特征及区域差异，为区域性土壤生产力培育提供技术参考；为区域性农田土壤碳收集技术选择和配套政策制定提供决策依据。【方法】采用我国第二次土壤普查数据，研究不同用地方式下农田耕层土壤有机碳密度状况。【结果】农田耕层土壤有机碳密度介于0.81～12.68 kg•m-2，平均为3.15 kg•m-2，其中西南区最高，平均达3.63 kg•m-2；华北区最低，平均为3.00 kg•m-2。农田土壤有机碳密度的变异系数为57%，显著比非农业土壤的变异系数低35个百分点。不同用地方式下，水田耕层有机碳密度比旱地的平均高13个百分点，但水田有机碳密度的区域变异显著低于旱地。另外，农田土壤有机碳密度与降水和气温的相关性显著低于非农业土壤，农田中水田土壤有机碳密度与降水和气温的相关性又显著小于旱地。【结论】农田尤其是水田土壤有机碳密度可能更多的是受人为因素影响，人为调控潜力大。  相似文献   

Low-tannin sorghum grain could be used as an alternative to corn in diet for nursery pigs     

Long Pan  Dong An  Weiyun Zhu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(5):890-897

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that low-tannin sorghum grain produced in China as a potential substitute for corn in diets could not impair the performance of nursery pigs. A total of 60 pigs (7.2 ± 1.2 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 diets with 5 replicate pens per treatment. Corn-based diet (CBD) included 60% corn grain during the overall experimental period, and sorghum-based diet (SBD) consisted of 30% (d 1 to 14) or 60.55% (d 15 to 28) sorghum grain in partial or total replacement of corn grain. Both diets were formulated to contain the same amount of digestible energy and indispensable amino acids. The results demonstrated no differences in growth performance or apparent digestibility of gross energy between treatments over the whole period. However, the substitution of corn by sorghum reduced (p < 0.05) or tended to reduce (p = 0.09) apparent digestibility of crude protein associated with an increased faecal nitrogen excretion per weight gain (p < 0.05). Pigs fed SBD had higher contents of urea nitrogen, total triglyceride and insulin in serum than those fed CBD (p < 0.05). Visceral organ weights or antioxidant enzyme activities in serum or liver were not different between treatments. Compared with CBD, SBD increased or tended to increase amylase activity in jejunal mucosa (p < 0.05) or trypsin activity in duodenal mucosa (p = 0.08). Replacement of corn by the low-tannin sorghum in diets did not influence the microbiota community based on alpha and beta diversity in caecal and colonal digesta. Overall, the home-grown low-tannin sorghum could be an alternative energy source in diets for pigs without adverse effects on growth performance.  相似文献   

中国沙棘在玻利维亚的种植初探     

安宝利  张瑞  段宝财 《国际沙棘研究与开发》2005,3(3):40-43

通过在玻利维亚的3年沙棘种植实践,我们认为在玻利维亚高原地区局部范围内推广沙棘是可行的.在种植沙棘时,宜选在海拔3000m以上的地区,栽植时间宜选在雨季的前期,11月到12中旬期间.栽植的沙棘在第一个干旱季节应该注意浇水1～2次,以确保其保存率.  相似文献   

汽车空气动力学在重型载货汽车上的新进展     

刘畅  刘方  安忠柱 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2007,34(5):1-3,5

总结了国内外汽车空气动力学研究在重型载货汽车方面的最新成果,介绍了早期重型载货汽车驾驶室的形状和部分空气动力学减阻方法,并围绕重型载货汽车的简化模型(GTS),详细描述了该模型的风洞试验和计算机模拟计算结果,以及各种新颖的空气动力学附加装置在GTS模型上的减阻效果。最后介绍了3种正在申请专利的空气动力学附加装置。  相似文献   

东北地区土壤温度和湿度空间变异特性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安晓飞  孟志军  王培  付卫强  郭建华 《农业机械学报》2015,46(S1):304-308

于2015年4月在黑龙江农垦赵光农场,使用20套无线传感器网络节点部署在赵光农场一面积为33.4 hm 2 的玉米地块,并通过2个手持式移动节点进行加密测量。根据这一方案,获得了从4月5—29日在240 m×240 m、120 m×120 m、60 m×60 m和30 m×30 m网格下的土壤温度和土壤湿度数据。在此基础上,基于统计半方差函数理论和GIS空间Kriging插值方法分别分析了土壤温度和土壤湿度各向同性、各向异性变化特征及分布模式。结合土壤温度和土壤湿度在不同尺度下的Kriging插值结果,确定了两者最佳采样间距。试验结果表明,土壤温度和土壤湿度的半方差函数分别适用于球形模型和指数模型,两者均有很强的空间自相关。其中,土壤温度自相关距离为51.56 m,土壤湿度的自相关距离为154.16 m。土壤温度在45°、90°方向变化明显大于0°、135°方向;土壤湿度拟合决定系数( R 2 )为0.77,在0°、135°方向上变化较大,土壤温度和土壤湿度最佳采样间距分别为60 m和100 m。  相似文献   

稻改草后土壤中DDT及其代谢产物的动态变化     

梁潘霞  董元华  安琼  李伏生 《土壤学报》2006,43(4):624-628

用盆栽方法研究了DDT及其主要降解产物在水稻土改种草后土壤中的残留动态，比较了植黑麦草土壤与未植草土壤中DDT残留的差异。盆栽试验设计3种DDT处理浓度，分别为0、0．5、5．0mg kg^-1，每处理4次重复。研究表明，DDT的残留量随着时间的增加而不断减少，且前期降解速率比后期快。在试验的第81天，DDT浓度为0．5、5．0mg kg^-1的植草土壤中，DDT分别减少了27．24％、20．50％。比较植黑麦草和未植黑麦草土壤，p，p′-DDT残留量在试验的16d、32d、64d、81d均出现显著性差异。这可能与植物释放到根际的酶和有机分泌物能有效地促进农药降解有关。同时，DDT的代谢产物DDE随着时间的增加而逐渐增加。  相似文献   

秀美山川与西部发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程安东 《中国水土保持》2002,(3):1-3

西北地区生态环境脆弱 ,对人类活动极为敏感 ,这成为西北各省区改善投资环境 ,扩大对外开放的基础性障碍。实施西部大开发战略以来 ,在改善投资软环境的同时 ,陕西省积极实施山川秀美工程 ,并将其作为改善投资环境 ,建设经济强省的长远大针  相似文献   

基于文献计量学分析的全球生物质炭研究进展     

肖鹏飞  安璐  吴德东 《农业工程学报》2020,36(18):292-300

为了深入了解国内外生物质炭的研究现状与研究热点，为相关研究领域的科研工作者与决策者提供参考，该文以Web of Science 核心数据库为数据源，采用文献计量学方法对2003-2020年间全球发表的生物质炭研究文献进行分析。全球生物质炭研究的发文量呈快速增长趋势，其中中国总发文量和总被引频次均位居世界首位。中国-美国是生物质炭研究最大的合作关系体。发文量最多的机构是中国科学院。中国有8名学者发文量进入世界前20名，上海交通大学曹心德的总发文量和总被引频次位列大陆学者榜首。发文量最大的学科方向是环境科学。中国在生物质炭研究方面发展快、成果产出多，但缺乏有国际影响力的核心成果，在研究创新性和发文质量上还有待提升。关键词分析表明，生物质炭在土壤改良和农业生产中的应用、利用生物质炭处理废水及修复污染土壤，以及生物质炭制备方法和工艺的创新是生物质炭的主要研究热点。而生物质炭制备材料与工艺的创新、各类功能型生物质炭纳米复合材料的开发，以及继续拓宽生物质炭在不同领域的高效利用可能成为今后的研究热点。  相似文献   

Development of a Multi-Resolution Emission Inventory and Its Impact on Sulfur Distribution for Northeast Asia     

Woo  J.-H.  Baek  J. M.  Kim  J.-W.  Carmichael  G. R.  Thongboonchoo  N.  Kim  S. T.  An  J. H. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,148(1-4):259-278

Emissions in East Asia for 1993 by administrative units and source types are estimated to support regional emission assessments and transport modeling studies. Total emission of SO_x, NO_x, soil NO_x, N₂O, and NH₃ are 24 150, 12 610, 1963, 908, and 8263 kton yr^-1, respectively.China's emission contribution is the highest for every species.The area sources are the most significant source type for SO_x and NO_x, but the fraction due to mobile source is highest for NO_x. Major LPSs are located from the middle to the east part of China, south and middle-west part of South Korea, and the east part of Japan. The area sources of SO_x show a pattern similar to population density, whereas NH₃ shows a strong landuse dependency. Detail emissions analysis reveals higher SO_x emission `cores' within each province. The estimated emissions are used to estimate sulfur deposition in the regions. The seasonal average sulfur distribution amounts are estimated from the ATMOS2 chemical transport model. The results showed anti-correlation with temperature for sulfur (SO₂ + SO₄ ^-2) concentrations and a positive correlation with rainfall for deposition.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of an elemental sulfur fertilizer in an oilseed‐cereal‐legume rotation on the Canadian prairies     

Guang Wen  Jeff J. Schoenau  S. Patrick Mooleki  Shinobu Inanaga  Tahei Yamamoto  Kunio Hamamura  Mitsuhiro Inoue  Ping An 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2003,166(1):54-60

Adequate sulfur (S) nutrition is critical for sustaining yields in crop rotation systems. Because of slow oxidation of elemental S (S°), research on S° fertilizers has emphasized improving the short‐term availability, while the long‐term effects of S° have been overlooked. The effectiveness of a dispersible granule S° fertilizer (SF: Sulfer95), consisting of S° particles smaller than any S° fertilizer reported in literature (< 44 μm in diameter), was compared to gypsum (CS: CaSO₄) and ammonium sulfate [AS: (NH₄)₂SO₄] in a three‐year experiment (1997—1999) on a moderately S deficient Black Chernozem soil (Typic Cryoboroll). The three S fertilizers were applied to canola (Brassica rapa L.) at 20, 40, and 80 kg S ha^‐1, supplemented with corresponding rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in the first year. The control treatment (CT) received N only. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and peas (Pisum sativum L.) were grown in the second and third years to test the availability of residual S. Although the yield of canola in SF fertilized treatments was only slightly higher than in CT, available S provided by SF produced a higher physiological S efficiency (PSE). Superior yields with residual SF were obtained in the second and third years by barley and peas at the rate of 80 kg S ha^‐1 applied in the first year, indicating that slow oxidation of SF was beneficial to the crops subsequently grown. Over three years, the total crop S uptake was 21, 4.0, and 15% higher with SF than with CT, CS, and AS, respectively.  相似文献