Unexpectedly Good Soft Wheat Quality from a Hard × Soft Cross     

Teepakorn Kongraksawech  Andrew S. Ross  C. James Peterson  Adam F. Heesacker  Mark J. Larson 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(6):595-602

The soft‐grained progeny of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was characterized for a comprehensive set of quality traits and associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs). The population was derived from the cross Tubbs (soft grained) × NSA 98‐0995 (hard grained) and was grown in two crop years in Corvallis, Oregon. Transgressive segregation was observed for all of the studied traits. Hardness index was significantly correlated with several important traits related to the absorption capacity of the flour for diagnostic aqueous solvents. Five lines with a desired combination of superior soft wheat quality traits were also identified. Fifteen QTLs were detected on nine wheat chromosomes for eight traits. The observed transgressive segregation was useful, because RILs with potentially above average soft wheat quality were unexpectedly identified in this hard × soft cross. The QTLs identified in this study could be useful in marker‐assisted selection for future preselection of progeny from Tubbs, NSA, or closely related genotypes.  相似文献   

Probable cutaneous adverse drug reaction due to a cannabidiol‐containing hemp oil product in a dog     

Andrew C. Simpson  Charles W. Bradley  Jennifer R. Schissler 《Veterinary dermatology》2020,31(5):404-e108

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Retrospective review of cataract surgery outcomes in Miniature Schnauzers     

Andrew J. Rogen  Hossein Moradi Rekabdarkolaee 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2020,23(3):552-559

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Regulating sustainability in the coffee sector: A comparative analysis of third-party environmental and social certification initiatives   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Laura T. Raynolds  Douglas Murray  Andrew Heller 《Agriculture and Human Values》2007,24(2):147-163

Certification and labeling initiatives that seek to enhance environmental and social sustainability are growing rapidly. This article analyzes the expansion of these private regulatory efforts in the coffee sector. We compare the five major third-party certifications – the Organic, Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance, Utz Kapeh, and Shade/Bird Friendly initiatives – outlining and contrasting their governance structures, environmental and social standards, and market positions. We argue that certifications that seek to raise ecological and social expectations are likely to be increasingly challenged by those that seek to simply uphold current standards. The vulnerability of these initiatives to market pressures highlights the need for private regulation to work in tandem with public regulation in enhancing social and environmental sustainability. Laura T. Raynolds is Professor of Sociology and Co-Director of the Center for Fair & Alternative Trade Studies (http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/Sociology/cfats/index.html) at Colorado State University. She has published extensively on organic and Fair Trade certification and globalization and has an edited volume forthcoming, Raynolds, L. T., D. Murray, and J. Wilkinson (eds.) (2007) Fair Trade: The Challenges of Transforming Globalization. London: Routledge Press. Douglas Murray is Professor of Sociology and Co-Director of the Center for Fair & Alternative Trade Studies at Colorado State University. His research and publications focus on global certification and regulatory initiatives, development, environment, and pesticide issues particularly in Latin America. Andrew Heller is PhD Candidate in Sociology and student affiliate of the Center for Fair & Alternative Trade Studies at Colorado State University. He is researching the impacts of certification on Guatemalan small scale coffee producers for his dissertation.  相似文献   

Hierarchical Modeling and Differential Expression Analysis for RNA-seq Experiments with Inbred and Hybrid Genotypes     

Andrew Lithio  Dan Nettleton 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2015,20(4):598-613

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Wasted fishery resources: discarded by-catch in the USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jennie M Harrington  Ransom A Myers  & Andrew A Rosenberg 《Fish and Fisheries》2005,6(4):350-361

Fishery by‐catch, especially discarded by‐catch, is a serious problem in the world's oceans. Not only are the stocks of discarded species affected, but entire trophic webs and habitats may be disrupted at the ecosystem level. This paper reviews discarding in the marine fisheries of the USA; however, the type, diversity and regulatory mechanisms of the fisheries are similar to developed fisheries and management programmes throughout the world. We have compiled current estimates of discarded by‐catch for each major marine fishery in the USA using estimates from existing literature, both published and unpublished. We did not re‐estimate discards or discard rates from raw data, nor did we include data on protected species (turtles, mammals and birds) and so this study covers discarded by‐catch of finfish and fishable invertebrates. For some fisheries, additional calculations were required to transform number data into weight data, and typically length and weight composition data were used. Specific data for each fishery are referenced in Harrington et al. (Wasted Resources: Bycatch and discards in US Fisheries, Oceana, Washington, DC, 2005). Overall, our compiled estimates are that 1.06 million tonnes of fish were discarded and 3.7 million tonnes of fish were landed in USA marine fisheries in 2002. This amounts to a nationwide discard to landings ratio of 0.28, amongst the highest in the world. Regionally, the southeast had the largest discard to landings ratio (0.59), followed closely by the highly migratory species fisheries (0.52) and the northeast fisheries (0.49). The Alaskan and west coast fisheries had the lowest ratios (0.12 and 0.15 respectively). Shrimp fisheries in the southeast were the major contributors to the high discard rate in that region, with discard ratios of 4.56 (Gulf of Mexico) and 2.95 (South Atlantic). By‐catch and discarding is a major component of the impact of fisheries on marine ecosystems. There have been substantial efforts to reduce by‐catch in some fisheries, but broadly based programmes covering all fisheries are needed within the USA and around the world. In response to international agreements to improve fishery management, by‐catch and discard reduction must become a regular part of fishery management planning.  相似文献   

Ecological effects of regime shifts in the Bering Sea and eastern North Pacific Ocean   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Ashleen J Benson  & Andrew W Trites 《Fish and Fisheries》2002,3(2):95-113

Large‐scale shifts occurred in climatic and oceanic conditions in 1925, 1947, 1977, 1989 and possibly 1998. These shifts affected the mix and abundance of suites of coexisting species during each period of relative environmental stability—from primary producers to apex predators. However, the 1989 regime shift was not a simple reversal of the 1977 shift. The regime shifts occurred abruptly and were neither random variations nor simple reversals to the previous conditions. Timing of these anomalous environmental events in the North Pacific Ocean appears to be linked to physical and biological responses in other oceanic regions of the world. Changes in the atmospheric pressure can alter wind patterns that affect oceanic circulation and physical properties such as salinity and depth of the thermocline. This, in turn, affects primary and secondary production. Data from the North Pacific indicate that regime shifts can have opposite effects on species living in different domains, or can affect similar species living within a single domain in opposite ways. Climatic forcing appears to indirectly affect fish and marine mammal populations through changes in the distribution and abundance of their predators and prey. Effects of regime shifts on marine ecosystems are also manifested faster at lower trophic levels. Natural variability in the productivity of fish stocks in association with regime shifts indicates that new approaches to managing fisheries should incorporate climatic as well as fisheries effects.  相似文献   

The IRI–IPRC Pacific Climate-Fisheries Workshop     

Andrew Bakun  Kenneth Broad 《Fisheries Oceanography》2002,11(3):189-190

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Local knowledge surveys with small-scale fishers indicate challenges to sawfish conservation in southern Papua New Guinea     

Michael I. Grant  William T. White  Yolarnie Amepou  Leontine Baje  Amy Diedrich  Dotty Ibana  Dick J. Jogo  Stanley Jogo  Peter M. Kyne  Owen Li  Ralph Mana  Nigel Mapmani  Anthony Nagul  Darcy Roeger  Colin A. Simpfendorfer  Andrew Chin 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(10):2883-2900

1. Sawfish (Pristidae) are considered to be among the most threatened families of elasmobranch (sharks and rays). There is a need to gather information on the status of poorly known sawfish populations to assist in global recovery initiatives.
2. This study used interviews with local fishers to investigate the presence of sawfish in southern Papua New Guinea (PNG) and their interactions with and uses and values for small-scale fishers.
3. A range of sawfish size classes are still encountered throughout southern PNG, while juvenile largetooth sawfish Pristis pristis were additionally reported in the freshwater reaches of all rivers surveyed. Reports of large size classes in estuarine and marine environments provide an optimistic outlook that sawfish populations persist throughout southern PNG.
4. Most fishers that catch sawfish retain them for various uses including consumption and for the sale of meat, fins and occasionally rostra. Negative population trends including decreases in catch frequency and/or size classes were reported by 66% of interviewees, with the largest declines being reported in the Kikori River. The increasing technical capacity of small-scale fishers, their preference for gillnetting and the emerging market for teleost swim bladder (a high-value fishery product) present a major ongoing threat to sawfish in southern PNG. Furthermore, the tendency of fishers to kill or remove rostra from entangled sawfish results in high fishing mortality regardless of any use by the fisher.
5. This study indicates that considerable community engagement will be necessary to manifest any legislative actions or increased enforcement on international trade regulations for sawfish in PNG. This is due to traditional land and waterway ownership values throughout PNG and the local perception of sawfish as a traditional food resource rather than an animal of intrinsic biodiversity value as perceived by global conservationists. Future research should consider exploring culturally appropriate conservation initiatives that are likely to achieve engagement and participation from local fishers.

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Contrasting climate velocity impacts in warm and cool locations show that effects of marine warming are worse in already warmer temperate waters     

Philina A. English  Eric J. Ward  Christopher N. Rooper  Robyn E. Forrest  Luke A. Rogers  Karen L. Hunter  Andrew M. Edwards  Brendan M. Connors  Sean C. Anderson 《Fish and Fisheries》2022,23(1):239-255

Species responses to climate change are often measured at broad spatiotemporal scales, which can miss the fine-scale changes that are most relevant to conservation and fisheries management. We develop a scaleable geostatistical approach to assess how juvenile and adult fish distributions have been shaped by changes in bottom temperature and dissolved oxygen over a recent decade of warming in the northeast Pacific. Across 38 demersal fishes, biomass trends were associated negatively with warming and positively with dissolved oxygen, but when trends in both biomass and climate were converted to velocities—the speed and direction a population would have to move to maintain consistent conditions—the effect of temperature change differed depending on local conditions. In the warmest locations, warming velocities were associated with negative biotic velocities for 19 of 69 species-maturity combinations, and yet were almost always associated with stable or positive biotic velocities in the coolest locations (64 of 69). These spatially consistent biomass declines (negative biotic velocities) in the warmest locations and increases in cooler locations suggest a redistribution of species with the potential for new ecological and fisheries interactions. After controlling for temperature, the more spatially consistent effects of dissolved oxygen were often negative, suggesting a mechanism other than hypoxia avoidance—potentially changes in primary production. Our approach identifies the species and locations that are most sensitive to observed changes in the environment at any scale, thus facilitating future vulnerability assessments.  相似文献