Swine virus-specific cytotoxic cells producing IFNγ under different conditions of virus antigenic stimulation     

Ferrari  L.  De Angelis  E.  Martelli  P.  Borghetti  P. 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):63-67

Flow cytometry is a useful tool to determine both the phenotype and function of immune cells during vaccination and viral infection. Since cytokine release is a hallmark of cell activation, detection of intracellular interferon (IFN)γ in cytotoxic CD8α+ cells under physiological conditions and after Aujeszky’s Disease Virus (ADV)- or Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-swine interaction was carried out. Blood samples were collected from healthy 10-month-old pigs, ADV- or PCV2-vaccinated pigs, and PCV2-infected pigs; the levels of total IFNγ+ and CD8α+IFNγ+ cells were evaluated after PMA-ionomycin and virus-specific in vitro stimulation. High CD8α+IFNγ+ cell levels were detected in adult pigs, whereas lower virus-specific cell fractions were observed after ADV or PCV2 vaccination as well as after PCV2 natural infection due to restricted activation. Such results support the use of cytokine intracellular staining to monitor virus-specific cell-mediated immunity.  相似文献   

Aflatoxicosis and vitamins A and E supplementation in sows: immunological state of their piglets     

Cabassi E  Di Lecce R  De Angelis E  Fusari A  Perillo A  Borghetti P 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(Z1):275-277

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Identification of functional beta-adrenoceptors in Caco-2 cell membranes     

Odore R  Badino P  Stammati AL  De Angelis I  Zucco F  Belloli C  Re G 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(Z1):415-418

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Very-high-energy gamma rays from a distant quasar: how transparent is the universe?     

MAGIC Collaboration  Albert J  Aliu E  Anderhub H  Antonelli LA  Antoranz P  Backes M  Baixeras C  Barrio JA  Bartko H  Bastieri D  Becker JK  Bednarek W  Berger K  Bernardini E  Bigongiari C  Biland A  Bock RK  Bonnoli G  Bordas P  Bosch-Ramon V  Bretz T  Britvitch I  Camara M  Carmona E  Chilingarian A  Commichau S  Contreras JL  Cortina J  Costado MT  Covino S  Curtef V  Dazzi F  De Angelis A  De Cea Del Pozo E  de Los Reyes R  De Lotto B  De Maria M  De Sabata F  Mendez CD  Dominguez A  Dorner D  Doro M  Errando M  Fagiolini M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5884):1752-1754

The atmospheric Cherenkov gamma-ray telescope MAGIC, designed for a low-energy threshold, has detected very-high-energy gamma rays from a giant flare of the distant Quasi-Stellar Radio Source (in short: radio quasar) 3C 279, at a distance of more than 5 billion light-years (a redshift of 0.536). No quasar has been observed previously in very-high-energy gamma radiation, and this is also the most distant object detected emitting gamma rays above 50 gigaelectron volts. Because high-energy gamma rays may be stopped by interacting with the diffuse background light in the universe, the observations by MAGIC imply a low amount for such light, consistent with that known from galaxy counts.  相似文献   

Structural and functional diversity of soil microbes is affected by elevated [CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>] and N addition in a poplar plantation     

Alessandra Lagomarsino  Brigitte A. Knapp  M. Cristina Moscatelli  Paolo De Angelis  Stefano Grego  Heribert Insam 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2007,7(6):399-405

Background, Aims, and Scope  The genetic structure and the functionality of soil microbes are both important when studying the role of soil in the C cycle in elevated CO₂ scenarios. The aim of this work was to investigate the genetic composition of the fungal community by means of PCR-DGGE and the functional diversity of soil micro-organisms in general with MicroResp-based community level physiological profiling (CLPP) in a poplar plantation (POPFACE) grown under elevated [CO₂] with and without nitrogen fertilization. Materials and Methods  The POPFACE experimental plantation and FACE facility are located in central Italy, Tuscania (VT). Clones of Populus alba, Populus nigra and Populus x euramericana were grown, from 1999 to 2004, in six 314 m² plots treated either with atmospheric (control) or enriched (550 μmol mol⁻¹) CO₂ with FACE (Free Air CO₂ Enrichment) technology in each growing season. Each plot is divided into six triangular sectors, with two sectors per poplar genotype: three species × two nitrogen levels. After removal of the litter layer one soil core per genotype (10 cm wide, 20 cm depth) was taken inside each of the three sectors in each plot, for a total of 36 soil cores (3 replicates × 2 [CO₂] × 2 fertilization × 3 species) in October 2004 and in July 2005. DNA was extracted with a bead beating procedure. 18S rDNA gene fragments were amplified with PCR using fungal primers (FR1 GC and FF390). Analysis of CLPP was performed using the MicroResp method. Carbon substrates were selected depending on their ecological relevance to soil and their solubility in water. In particular rhizospheric C sources (carboxylic acids and carbohydrates) were chosen considering the importance of root inputs for microbial metabolism. Results  The fertilization treatment differentiated the fungal community composition regardless of elevated [CO₂] or the poplar species; moreover the number of fungal species was lower in fertilized soil. The effect of elevated [CO₂] on the fungal community composition was evident only as interaction with the fertilization treatment as, in N-sufficient soils, the elevated [CO₂] selected a different microbial community. For CLPP, the differ ent poplar species were the main factors of variation. The FACE treatment, on average, resulted in lower C utilization rates in un-fertilized soils and higher in fertilized soils. Discussion  Fungal biomass and fungal composition depend on different factors: from previous studies we know that the greater quantity and the higher C/N ratio of organic inputs under elevated [CO₂] influenced positively the fungal biomass both in fertilized and in un-fertilized soil, whereas nitrogen availability resulted to be the main determinant of fungal community composition in this work. Whole active microbial community was directly influenced by the soil nutrient availability and the poplar species. Under elevated CO₂ the competition for N with plants strongly affected the microbial communities, which were not able to benefit from added rhizospheric substrates. Under Nsufficient conditions, the increase of microbial activity due to [CO₂] enrichment was related to a more active microbial community, favoured by the current availability of C and N. Conclusions  Different factors influenced the microbial community at different levels: poplar species and root exudates affected the functional properties of the microbial community, while the fungal specific composition (as seen with DGGE) remained unaffected. On the other hand, factors such as N and C availability had a strong impact on the community functionality and composition. Fungal community structure reflected the availability of N in soils and the effect of elevated [CO₂] on community structure and function was evident only in N-sufficient soils. The simultaneous availability of C and N was therefore the main driving force for microbial structure and function in this plantation. Recommendations and Perspectives  Using the soil instead of soil extracts for CLPP determination provides a direct measurement of substrate catabolism by microbial communities and reflects activity rather than growth because more immediate responses to substrates are measured. Further applications of this approach could include selective inhibition of different microbial functional groups to investigate specific CLPPs. To combine the structural analysis and the catabolic responses of specific microbial communities (i.e. fungi or bacteria) could provide new outlooks on the role of microbes on SOM decomposition. ESS-Submission Editor: Dr. Kirk Semple (k.semple@lancaster.ac.uk)  相似文献   

Gamma-ray flares from the Crab Nebula     

Abdo AA  Ackermann M  Ajello M  Allafort A  Baldini L  Ballet J  Barbiellini G  Bastieri D  Bechtol K  Bellazzini R  Berenji B  Blandford RD  Bloom ED  Bonamente E  Borgland AW  Bouvier A  Brandt TJ  Bregeon J  Brez A  Brigida M  Bruel P  Buehler R  Buson S  Caliandro GA  Cameron RA  Cannon A  Caraveo PA  Casandjian JM  Çelik Ö  Charles E  Chekhtman A  Cheung CC  Chiang J  Ciprini S  Claus R  Cohen-Tanugi J  Costamante L  Cutini S  D'Ammando F  Dermer CD  de Angelis A  de Luca A  de Palma F  Digel SW  do Couto e Silva E  Drell PS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6018):739-742

A young and energetic pulsar powers the well-known Crab Nebula. Here, we describe two separate gamma-ray (photon energy greater than 100 mega-electron volts) flares from this source detected by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The first flare occurred in February 2009 and lasted approximately 16 days. The second flare was detected in September 2010 and lasted approximately 4 days. During these outbursts, the gamma-ray flux from the nebula increased by factors of four and six, respectively. The brevity of the flares implies that the gamma rays were emitted via synchrotron radiation from peta-electron-volt (10(15) electron volts) electrons in a region smaller than 1.4 × 10(-2) parsecs. These are the highest-energy particles that can be associated with a discrete astronomical source, and they pose challenges to particle acceleration theory.  相似文献   

Herbage intake and milk yield in Comisana ewes as effect of 4 vs 7 h of grazing during late lactation     

Bernardo Valenti  Donata Marletta  Anna De Angelis  Fortunato Di Paola  Salvatore Bordonaro  Marcella Avondo 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(5):989-994

Thirty-two Comisana ewes at late lactation were used in two trials carried out during late spring in 2 consecutive years, with the aim to evaluate the effect of the duration of grazing on herbage intake and performance. In each trial, 16 pluriparous Comisana lactating ewes were equally divided into two groups which grazed in two separate areas of natural pasture from 11:00 to 15:00 h (group 4H) or from 10:00 to 17:00 (group 7H). A concentrate mixture (500 g/day) was also offered to each ewe. The mean maximum temperature was, respectively, 23.5 ± 3.8 °C during experiment 1 and 27.0 ± 3.1 °C during experiment 2. Probably as a consequence of the differences in climatic conditions, the results on herbage intake and milk production were different during the two trials. Herbage dry matter intake was not affected by the duration of grazing during trial 1, whereas it was significantly lower in 4H group compared to that in 7H group (0.67 vs 1.02 kg/day; P < 0.001) during trial 2. It could be hypothesised that while with lower environmental temperature (trial 1), the 4H ewes were able to reach good intake levels despite grazing during the hottest hours; with higher temperatures throughout the trial (trial 2), the 4H ewes reduced ingestion. Milk production was higher in 4H group during trial 1 (778 vs 707 g/day; P = 0.006), whereas it was not affected by the number of hours of grazing during trial 2, despite the higher intake levels reached by the 7H group. In conclusion, 3 extra hours of grazing for ewes at late lactation on a low quality pasture could be nullified in terms of yield response.  相似文献   

Phyto-dehydration of confined sludge: a sustainable approach for the management of polluted ponds     

Dario Liberati  Paolo Sconocchia  Anna Ricci  Giovanni Gigliotti  Chiara Tacconi  Paola Grenni  Sara Tariciotti  Anna Barra Caracciolo  Angelo Massacci  Alessandra Lagomarsino  Paolo De Angelis 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(6):2292-2304

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