Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Dynamics in Ambient Air and Atmospheric Bulk/Wet Deposition in Downtown Paris (France)     

Khawla Tlili  Pierre Labadie  Fabrice Alliot  Catherine Bourges  Annie Desportes  Marc Chevreuil 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(4):1543-1553

This study reports on the polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) atmospheric dynamics in the dense urban environment of downtown Paris (France). Eight PBDE congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-100, BDE-99, BDE-154, BDE-153, BDE-183 and BDE-209) were simultaneously analysed in bulk and wet atmospheric deposition, as well as in ambient air (gaseous/particulate phases), twice a month over a 12-month period (May 2008–May 2009). The total air concentration of Σ 8PBDEs ranged between 12 and 185 pg m⁻³, and the seasonal variations of PBDE levels were controlled by air temperature (except for BDE-209). Regarding bulk deposition, Σ 8PBDE flux was in the range 5–94 ng m⁻² day⁻¹, and it was positively correlated with atmospheric particulate phase PBDE concentrations. Meanwhile, the measured wet deposition flux of Σ 8PBDE ranged between 2 and 24 ng m⁻² day⁻¹, and its median contribution to bulk deposition was 39% only, which highlights the importance of dry deposition.  相似文献   

Effects of radiation,especially ultraviolet B,on conidial germination and mycelial growth of grape powdery mildew   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

L. Willocquet  D. Colombet  M. Rougier  J. Fargues  M. Clerjeau 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(5):441-449

Conidia ofUncinula necator inoculated on vine leaf disks were exposed to different irradiation conditions during various combinations of irradiation periods. In controlled experiments at constant leaf temperature spore germination and mycelial growth were negatively affected by the UV B doses, irrespective of the exposition duration. In semi-controlled condition experiments, conidia were exposed to shaded, sunny and sunny without UV B radiation conditions. Shaded conditions were always more favourable to spore germination and mycelial growth than sunny conditions. Under two different ranges of temperature (20–24 and 26–31 °C for shaded conditions), the effect of radiation on germination and mycelial growth differed. Thus, the effect of radiation on spore germination and mycelial growth seems to be affected by temperature. In general, radiation effects increased as the number of exposition periods increased, indicating that both spore germination and mycelial growth were reduced, but not totally stopped by the different exposures. Germination was most affected by exposures applied just after inoculation, whereas mycelial growth was most affected by exposures applied one day after inoculation. These results indicate that radiation is an important factor to consider for a better understanding of the relationships between climate and grape powdery mildew epidemics.  相似文献   

Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007     

Neil A. Bryant  Adam S. Rash  Colin A. Russell  Julie Ross  Annie Cooke  Samantha Bowman  Shona MacRae  Nicola S. Lewis  Romain Paillot  Reto Zanoni  Hanspeter Meier  Lowri A. Griffiths  Janet M. Daly  Ashish Tiwari  Thomas M. Chambers  J. Richard Newton  Debra M. Elton 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(1-2):41-52

Equine influenza virus (EIV) surveillance is important in the management of equine influenza. It provides data on circulating and newly emerging strains for vaccine strain selection. To this end, antigenic characterisation by haemaggluttination inhibition (HI) assay and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 28 EIV strains isolated in North America and Europe during 2006 and 2007. In the UK, 20 viruses were isolated from 28 nasopharyngeal swabs that tested positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All except two of the UK viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage with similarity to A/eq/Newmarket/5/03 (clade 2). One isolate, A/eq/Cheshire/1/06, was characterised as an American lineage strain similar to viruses isolated up to 10 years earlier. A second isolate, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 was characterised as a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 1) with similarity to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. Furthermore, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/06 was a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 2) by haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence, but appeared to be a member of the Eurasian lineage by the non-structural gene (NS) sequence suggesting that reassortment had occurred. A/eq/Switzerland/P112/07 was characterised as a member of the Eurasian lineage, the first time since 2005 that isolation of a virus from this lineage has been reported. Seven viruses from North America were classified as members of the Florida sublineage (clade 1), similar to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. In conclusion, a variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide. Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to predominate in North America, clade 2 viruses in Europe.  相似文献   

A review of pest surveillance techniques for detecting quarantine pests in Europe     

Sylvie Augustin  Neil Boonham  Willem J. De Kogel  Pierre Donner  Massimo Faccoli  David C. Lees  Lorenzo Marini  Nicola Mori  Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo  Serge Quilici  Alain Roques  Annie Yart  Andrea Battisti 《EPPO Bulletin》2012,42(3):515-551

This paper provides reviews of the most commonly used methods to detect plant pests belonging to groups of invasive organisms with high economic relevance, including Coleoptera (bark beetles, flathead borers, leaf beetles, longhorn beetles, weevils), Diptera (cone and seed flies, fruit flies), Homoptera (aphids, leafhoppers and psyllids, whiteflies), Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Thysanoptera (thrips), bacteria (potato brown rot Ralstonia solanacearum) and fungi (pitch canker disease Gibberella circinata, brown rot disease Monilinia fructicola). Future perspectives in detection methods are discussed, with particular reference to the considerable increase in the volume, commodity type and origins of trade in plant material from third countries, the introduction of new crops, the continuous expansion of the EU with new border countries being added, and the impact of climate change affecting the geographical boundaries of pests and their vectors.  相似文献   

Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of Spirulina and Chlorella water extracts     

Wu LC  Ho JA  Shieh MC  Lu IW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(10):4207-4212

Liver fibrosis is a chronic liver disease that will further develop to cirrhosis if severe damage continues to form. A potential treatment for liver fibrosis is to inhibit activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and, subsequently, to induce HSC apoptosis. It has been reported that antioxidants are able to inhibit the proliferation of HSCs. In this study, the aqueous extract of spirulina was chosen as the source of antioxidant to investigate the inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HSC. The growth inhibitory effects of aqueous spirulina and chlorella extract on human liver cancer cells, HepG2, were also studied and compared in pairs. Results indicated that the total phenol content of spirulina was almost five times greater than that of chlorella (6.86 +/- 0.58 vs 1.44 +/- 0.04 mg tannic acid equivalent/g of algae powder, respectively). The antioxidant activity of spirulina determined by the ABTS*+ method was higher than chlorella (EC50: 72.44 +/- 0.24 micromol of trolox equivalent/g of spirulina extract vs 56.09 +/- 1.99 micromol of trolox equivalent/g of chlorella extract). Results of DPPH* assay also showed a similar trend as the ABTS*+ assay (EC50: 19.39 +/- 0.65 micromol of ascorbic acid equivalent/g of spirulina extract vs 14.04 +/- 1.06 micromol of ascorbic acid equivalent/g of chlorella extract). The aqueous extracts of these two algae both showed antiproliferative effects on HSC and HepG2, but spirulina was a stronger inhibitor than chlorella. Annexin-V staining showed that aqueous extract of spirulina induced apoptosis of HSC after 12 h of treatment. In addition, the aqueous extract of spirulina triggered a cell cycle arrest of HSC at the G2/M phase.  相似文献   

Ecological Effects of Roads: Ian F Spellerberg; Land Reconstruction and Management Series, Volume 2; Science Publisher Inc, Enfield and Plymouth, 2002, 262 pages, hardback, ISBN 1-57808-198-X, US$59.50     

Annie Say 《Biological conservation》2004,116(1):149-150

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Coxiella burnetii associated placental lesions and infection level in parturient cows     

Hansen MS  Rodolakis A  Cochonneau D  Agger JF  Christoffersen AB  Jensen TK  Agerholm JS 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,190(2):e135-e139

Cotyledons (n=170) from dairy cattle were analysed for Coxiella burnetii by real-time (rt) PCR targeting the IS1111a and icd genes. Positive cases (n=90) and a random selection of negative cases (n=20) were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry and, if infection level was high, by fluorescence in situ hybridisation. PCR results were compared to bulk tank milk (BTM) antibody levels. Placental infection was detected in cows from herds at all BTM antibody levels. However the likelihood of placental infection was generally higher in herds with intermediate or high BMT antibody levels than in herds with low antibody levels. Histological examination revealed a range of mostly mild cotyledonary changes; C. burnetii infection was only rarely associated with inflammation. This may explain why bovine Q fever is usually not clinically apparent. Nevertheless, infected cattle will shed C. burnetii at calving and this can occur even in herds without BTM antibodies.  相似文献   

Intravenous fat emulsion as treatment for ivermectin toxicosis in three dogs homozygous for the ABCB1–1Δ gene mutation     

Heather M. Wright DVM  Annie V. Chen DVM  MS  DACVIM  Patricia A. Talcott DVM  PhD  DABVT  Robert H. Poppenga DVM  PhD  DABVT  Katrina L. Mealey DVM  PhD  DACVIM  DACVCP 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2011,21(6):666-672

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Estimating development and temperature thresholds of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Scolothrips longicornis</Emphasis> (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on eggs of two-spotted spider mite using linear and nonlinear models     

Hajar Pakyari  Yaghoub Fathipour  Annie Enkegaard 《Journal of pest science》2011,84(2):153-163

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Podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin in Juniperus bermudiana and 12 other Juniperus species: optimization of extraction, method validation, and quantification     

Renouard S  Lopez T  Hendrawati O  Dupre P  Doussot J  Falguieres A  Ferroud C  Hagege D  Lamblin F  Laine E  Hano C 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(15):8101-8107

The lignans podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin are secondary metabolites with potent pharmaceutical applications in cancer therapy. However, the supply of podophyllotoxin from its current natural source, Podophyllum hexandrum, is becoming increasingly problematic, and alternative sources are therefore urgently needed. So far, podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin have been found in some Juniperus species, although at low levels in most cases. Moreover, extraction protocols deserve optimization. This study aimed at developing and validating an efficient extraction protocol of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin from Juniperus species and applying it to 13 Juniperus species, among which some had never been previously analyzed. Juniperus bermudiana was used for the development and validation of an extraction protocol for podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin allowing extraction yields of up to 22.6 mg/g DW of podophyllotoxin and 4.4 mg/g DW deoxypodophyllotoxin, the highest values found in leaf extract of Juniperus. The optimized extraction protocol and HPLC separation from DAD or MS detections were established and validated to investigate podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin contents in aerial parts of 12 other Juniperus species. This allowed either higher yields to be obtained in some species reported to contain these two compounds or the occurrence of these compounds in some other species to be reported for the first time. This efficient protocol allows effective extraction of podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin from aerial parts of Juniperus species, which could therefore constitute interesting alternative sources of these valuable metabolites.  相似文献