Cross-sectional studies of ultimate pH in lambs     

Petersen GV 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1984,32(4):51-57

The ultimate pH of the longissimus muscle was measured in 1536 lambs routinely slaughtered at a meat export works in the southern part of the North Island during the 1981/82 season. The mean ultimate pH of all samples was 5.60, and 7.2 percent of the carcases had values equal to, or above, 6.00 whereas 85.3 percent of carcases had values below 5.80 which is considered to be optimal. The ultimate pH values of samples from lambs slaughtered during the summer period was significantly higher than those obtained during three other seasonal sampling periods and Perendale lambs had significantly higher ultimate pH values as compared to lambs of other breeds. There was no statistical association between distance travelled before slaughter and the ultimate pH of carcases but there was a highly significant direct correlation between holding periods of lambs in the stockyards and ultimate pH of their meat. There was also a highly significant inverse correlation between fleece weight and ultimate pH and it is suggested that both this effect and the seasonal pattern of ultimate pH values indirectly reflect the major role that nutrition may play in the development of high ultimate pH meat in lambs. It is further suggested that washing of animals prior to slaughter and the length of subsequent resting periods are important factors in relation to the development of undesirably high ultimate pH values.  相似文献   

Serological survey for antibodies to Leptospira in dogs and raccoons in Washington State   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Davis MA  Evermann JF  Petersen CR  VancerSchalie J  Besser TE  Huckabee J  Daniels JB  Hancock DD  Leslie M  Baer R 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(8-10):436-442

A high number of reported canine leptospirosis cases occurred in Washington State from 2004 to 2006. This prompted a serosurvey of healthy dogs from around the state to determine the distribution of exposure risk and to provide insight into serovar epidemiology in the region. In addition, a convenience sample of sera from injured raccoons was also tested, and clinical serological data from the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory were examined. The proportion of dogs with an antibody titre (>or=1:100) to any serovar was 27/158 (17.1%, 95% CI 11.6-23.9), and that proportion among raccoons was 22/115 (19.1%, 95% CI 12.4-27.5) suggesting that the potential for exposure in Washington state is not uncommon. The most frequently detected serovars in healthy dogs were Autumnalis, Icterohemorrhagiae and Canicola, in clinical canine samples Autumnalis, Bratislava and Pomona were more frequent and in sick or injured raccoons Autumnalis, and Pomona were most frequently detected. Clinical canine serology demonstrated a late summer-fall seasonality that was consistent with other reports. An outbreak of canine leptospirosis occurred during 2004-2006 and was located primarily in western Washington counties, as were three reported human cases in 2005. Canine leptospirosis surveillance is an important tool for detecting human risk of exposure and may provide insights into which serovars are currently of clinical importance.  相似文献   

Human case of bubonic plague resulting from the bite of a wild Gunnison's prairie dog during translocation from a plague‐endemic area          下载免费PDF全文

S. D. Melman  P. E. Ettestad  E. S. VinHatton  J. M. Ragsdale  N. Takacs  L. M. Onischuk  P. M. Leonard  S. S. Master  V. S. Lucero  L. C. Kingry  J. M. Petersen 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(1):e254-e258

Plague is a zoonotic disease (transmitted mainly by fleas and maintained in nature by rodents) that causes severe acute illness in humans. We present a human plague case who became infected by the bite of a wild Gunnison's prairie dog, and a good practical example of the One Health approach that resulted in a rapid public health response. The exposure occurred while the animal was being transported for relocation to a wildlife refuge after being trapped in a plague enzootic area. This is the first report of a human plague case resulting from the bite of a Gunnison's prairie dog. Additionally, we present an observation of a longer incubation period for plague in captive prairie dogs, leading to a recommendation for a longer quarantine period for prairie dogs during translocation efforts.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variations in soil respiration in relation to stand structure and soil parameters in an unmanaged beech forest   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Søe AR  Buchmann N 《Tree physiology》2005,25(11):1427-1436

Soil CO2 efflux (soil respiration) plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and efflux rates may be strongly altered by climate change. We investigated the spatial patterns of soil respiration rates in 144 measurement locations in a 0.5-ha plot and the temporal patterns along a 300-m transect in the 0.5-ha plot. Measurements were made in an unmanaged, highly heterogeneous beech forest during 2000 and 2001. We investigated the effects of soil, roots and forest stand structure on soil respiration, and we also assessed the stability of these spatial patterns over time. Soil temperature alone explained between 68 and 95% of the temporal variation in soil respiration; however, pronounced spatial scatter of respiration rates was not explained by soil temperature. The observed spatial patterns stayed remarkably stable throughout the growing season and over 2 years. The most important structural parameter of the stand was the mean diameter at breast height of trees within a distance of 4 m of the measurement locations (m-dbh4), which explained 10-19% of the variation in soil respiration throughout the growing season. Among the soil chemical parameters, carbon content (bulk as well as dissolved) and magnesium content explained 62% of the spatial variation in soil respiration. The final best model combining soil, root and stand structural parameters (fine root biomass, soil carbon content, m-dbh4 and soil water content) explained 79% of the variation in soil respiration, illustrating the importance of both biotic and abiotic factors.  相似文献   

Holzbiologische Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Auftausalz auf Hamburger Straßenbäume     

Astrid Petersen  D. Eckstein  W. Liese 《European Journal of Forest Research》1982,101(1):353-365

Zusammenfassung Aus dem Stadtgebiet von Hamburg wurden 341 Stra?enb?ume der GattungenAcer, Aesculus, Betula, Fraxinus, Platanus, Quercus, Robinia, Sorbus undTilia hinsichtlich ihrer Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Streusalz untersucht. Als Untersuchungsmethoden dienten Jahrring-analyse sowie Histometrie und energiedispersive R?ntgen-Mikroanalyse. Auf Standorten mit hohem Bodensalzgehalt zeigten die meisten B?ume seit Mitte der 60er Jahre Zuwachsrückg?nge von über 50%, was zu einer Verringerung der wasserleitenden Querschnittsfl?che in den St?mmen und vermutlich zu den Blattnekrosen in der Krone führte. Alle an streusalzbelasteten Stra?en lebenden Ahornb?ume, Linden und Ro?kastanien zeigten eine starke Vitalit?tsminderung. Lediglich die Eichen und Robinien lassen keine streusalzbedingten Wachstums?nderungen erkennen. Zur Erholung der gesch?digten B?ume sowie zur Sicherung der toleranten Baumarten müssen eine weitere Salzzufuhr verhindert und die bereits angereicherten Salzmengen aus dem Kreislauf Boden-Baum-Boden entfernt werden.

---

Wood-biological investigations on the influence of deicing salt on roadside trees in Hamburg

Summary From the urban area of Hamburg, 341 roadside trees of the generaAcer, Aesculus, Betula, Fraxinus, Platanus, Quercus, Robinia, Sorbus andTilia have been investigated concerning their sensitivity to deicing salt. The methods used were tree-ring analysis, histometrical studies, and X-ray microanalysis. Since the middle of the Sixties the radial growth of most tress decreased more than 50% on all sites with a high salt content in the soil, leading to a reduction of the water-conducting area in the stems. The necrosis of the leaves is presumably a result of this situation. All maples, horsechestnuts, and limes growing along roads affected by deicing salt showed a highly decreased vitality. Only oak and black locust do not exhibit any saltinfluenced growth responses. For the recovery of the injured trees as well as for safeguarding the more tolerant tree species a further salt transport to the roots must be prevented, and the amount of salt already accumulated must be removed from the soil-tree-soil cycle.

---

---

Wir danken Dr.H. Meyer-Spasche, Ordinariat für Bodenkunde der Universit?t Hamburg, für die Bereitstellung der bodenchemischen Standortsdaten, Prof. Dr.N. Parameswaran für die energiedispersive R?ntgen-Mikroanalyse sowie Frau Dipl.-HolzwirtS. Wrobel und FrauF. Quiehl für ihre Mithilfe bei der Laborauswertung. Die Arbeit wurde von der Beh?rde für Bezirksangelegenheiten, Naturschutz und Umweltgestaltung (BBNU) der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg finanziell unterstützt. Die Baubeh?rde stellte Informationen über die Intensit?t der Streusalzanwendung zur Verfügung.  相似文献   

Mustelidae are natural hosts of Staphylococcus delphini group A     

Guardabassi L  Schmidt KR  Petersen TS  Espinosa-Gongora C  Moodley A  Agersø Y  Olsen JE 《Veterinary microbiology》2012,159(3-4):351-353

According to the current taxonomy, the Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) comprises of at least three distinct species. While S. intermedius and S. pseudintermedius are associated with specific hosts (pigeons and dogs, respectively), the natural host of S. delphini remains unclear. We analysed 158 SIG isolates from less studied animal species belonging to the order Carnivora, including mink (n=118), fox (n=33), badger (n=6) and ferret (n=1). Species identification was performed by nuc PCR in combination with sodA sequence analysis and pta PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results showed a consistent association between host and bacterial species. All isolates from minks, ferret and badgers belonged to S. delphini group A, whereas all fox isolates except one were identified as S. pseudintermedius. The remaining fox isolate belonged to S. delphini group A. The results indicate that Mustelidae such as minks, ferrets and badgers are natural hosts of S. delphini group A. This is in contrast with Canidae, which are primarily colonized and infected with S. pseudintermedius. These findings suggest that coagulase-positive staphylococcal species may have evolved and diverged through host adaptation.  相似文献   

Changes in circulating adiponectin and metabolic hormone concentrations during periparturient and lactation periods in Holstein dairy cows     

Yoshihisa OHTANI  Tatsuyuki TAKAHASHI  Katsuyoshi SATO  Astrid ARDIYANTI  Sang‐Houn SONG  Reiichiro SATO  Ken ONDA  Yasunori WADA  Yoshiaki OBARA  Keiichi SUZUKI  Akihiko HAGINO  Sang‐gun ROH  Kazuo KATOH 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(12):788-795

Although our previous report demonstrated that adiponectin and AdipoR1 gene expressions changed among different lactation stages in the bovine mammary gland, its in vivo kinetics remain unclear in ruminant animals. In this study, we investigated the changes in circulating concentrations of adiponectin, as well as other metabolic hormones and metabolites, (i) during the periparturient period and (ii) among different lactation stages, in Holstein dairy cows. In experiment 1, serum adiponectin concentrations increased after parturition. Serum insulin concentrations were lower in the postpartum than prepartum period, whereas serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations increased in the postpartum period. Serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were increased during the postpartum period and were dependent on the parity. In experiment 2, there was no significant difference in plasma adiponectin concentrations among lactational stages. Plasma insulin concentrations tended to be lower in early lactation while plasma GH levels tended to be higher. Plasma NEFA concentrations were significantly lower in mid‐ and late‐lactation stages than non‐lactation stages. These findings indicate that elevation of serum adiponectin might be involved in energy metabolism just around parturition, and might exert its action through regulation of receptor expression levels in target tissues in each lactational stage in Holstein dairy cows.  相似文献   

Acute pasteurellosis in fallow deer, cattle and pigs in a region of Eastern Germany     

Soike D  Schulze C  Kutzer P  Ewert B  van der Grinten E  Schliephake A  Ewers C  Bethe A  Rau J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2012,125(3-4):122-128

Hemorrhagic septicaemia, an acute disease caused by P multocida capsular type B which is rarely detected in Europe, caused considerable losses in fallow deer, cattle and pigs within a region along the border of the federal states Brandenburg and Saxony-Anhalt in the summer of 2010. Clinical appearances and diagnostic findings are presented and possible triggering influences discussed. Pasteurella multocida capsular type B has not been cultivated from clinically healthy cattle and pigs of the region. Examination of fallow deer and roe deer in the region revealed the presence of singular carriers, which may act as a source of clinical infections.  相似文献   

Effects of Thymus vulgaris L. as feed additive in piglets and against haemolytic E. coli in vitro     

Jugl-Chizzola M  Spergser J  Schilcher F  Novak J  Bucher A  Gabler C  Hagmüller W  Zitterl-Eglseer K 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2005,118(11-12):495-501

The aim of the study was to test Thymi herba (1.66% v/w essential oil with 39% p-cymene and 32% thymol) in the rearing period of piglets as feed additive. Therefore, two feeding trials were performed with piglet groups ranging from 17 to 22 animals each. Either 10 g of Thymi herba/kg feed (Thymi herba group), 10 mg flavophospholipol/kg feed (flavophospholipol group) or nothing (control group) was added to the animals' feed. No significant differences in the performance parameter daily weight gain among any groups were recorded. No differences concerning feed efficiency or isolation of haemolytic E. coli serotypes were shown. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymi herba against 39 haemolytic E. coli isolates from the same weaners was investigated in vitro by disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and bactericidal concentration testing. In contrast to the feeding results, the essential oil of the thyme batch fed showed antibacterial activity against all haemolytic E. coli investigated. This interesting antibacterial potential of Thymi herba prompts further investigations as to its value as feed additive.  相似文献   

Immunohistochemical identification of lymphatic vessels in the periodontium of equine cheek teeth     

Staszyk C  Duesterdieck KF  Gasse H  Bienert A 《Journal of veterinary dentistry》2005,22(4):227-232

Immunohistochemical detection of lymphatic capillaries was performed in the periodontium of maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth from 6 horses (aged 3-23 years). Tissue sections of the periodontium were taken at 4 different horizontal levels along the long axis of the tooth. The specimens were processed for immunoreaction with anti-Prox1, in order to distinguish lymphatic endothelium from blood vascular endothelium. Lymphatic vessels were detected in all periodontal tissues except for the dental cementum. Lymphatic capillaries were most densely distributed in the gingiva compared to other tissues of the periodontium. Lymphatic capillaries were found most consistently in samples taken from the gingival and subgingival regions in all horses examined. Within these levels, the gingiva as well as the spongiosa of the maxillary and mandibular bone had the greatest incidence of lymphatic vessels. Considering the distinct distribution of the lymphatic capillaries in the periodontium of the maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth, two complementary lymphatic drainage pathways are proposed: (1) superficial lymph drainage via the gingiva, emptying into the mandibular lymph nodes; (2) deep lymph drainage via the mandibular and maxillary spongiosa, emptying into the mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes, respectively.  相似文献