The scope for reconciling public good and private forestry in the United Kingdom     

Bill Slee 《Small-Scale Forestry》2006,5(1):1-17

The nature of private forestry in the UK as an economic activity is changing, with increasing ‘public good’ demands being placed on forest owners, with or without compensation from government. Although the motives for owning woodland are weakly researched, it is evident that amenity and recreational interests rather than formal productive economic activity are a major force in influencing woodland purchase and may well be a dominant force in woodland management over many parts of the UK. Recent research suggests a need for recognition of the high value of the public goods and, in particular, recognition of their high levels of spatial variability, whilst recognising that the public good — private good dualism is an oversimplification of the actual situation. New policy instruments are currently being implemented in various parts of the UK by devolved governments, and their capacity to both remediate market failure and address the needs of forest owners is considered. Their voluntary character and the preferences of forest owners may seriously constrain the optimal delivery of public goods. Further, existing policy instruments may be seen as insufficiently geographically targeted to areas where the greatest social benefits could be anticipated from policy-induced improvements in public good values.  相似文献   

The impact of a community-based food skills intervention on cooking confidence, food preparation methods and dietary choices - an exploratory trial     

Wrieden WL  Anderson AS  Longbottom PJ  Valentine K  Stead M  Caraher M  Lang T  Gray B  Dowler E 《Public health nutrition》2007,10(2):203-211

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of undertaking a food skills intervention study in areas of social deprivation aimed at altering cooking confidence, food preparation methods and dietary choices. DESIGN: A standardised skills programme was implemented in community-based settings. Pre- (T1) and post-intervention (T2) and 6-month follow-up (T3) measures (7-day diaries and self-administered questionnaires) were undertaken in intervention and comparison groups. SETTING: Eight urban communities in Scotland. SUBJECTS: One hundred and thirteen adults living in areas of social deprivation. RESULTS: It was clear that many subjects led fragmented lives and found commitment to intervention classes problematic. Sixty-three subjects completed the final (T3) assessments. The response to each component varied due to inability to attend sessions, illness, study requirements, employment, moving out of the area, change in circumstances, loss of interest and loss of postal questionnaires. At baseline, reported consumption of fruit and vegetables was low (mean frequency 8.1 +/- 4.78 times per week). Fruit intake increased significantly (P < 0.05) between T1 and T2 in the intervention group (1.7 +/- 2.36 to 2.7 +/- 3.28 times per week) only. Between T1 and T3, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in intervention subjects who reported confidence in following a recipe (67-90%,). CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory trial shows that a food skills intervention is likely to have a small but positive effect on food choice and confidence in food preparation. A full-scale randomised controlled trial in this hard-to-reach group would require a range of flexible approaches rather than a fully defined intervention, and presents challenges for trial design.  相似文献   

石墨烯对喹诺酮在饱和多孔介质中运移的影响     

曹慧慧  吴鸣  程洲  胡晓农  莫测辉 《农业环境科学学报》2022,41(3):597-605

为研究石墨烯（Graphene,GN）对喹诺酮类抗生素在地下水中运移的影响,以环丙沙星（Ciprofloxacin,CIP）和诺氟沙星（Norfloxacin,NOR）作为两种典型的喹诺酮类抗生素污染物,通过批量吸附实验和砂柱实验研究GN对CIP和NOR在饱和多孔介质中运移的影响。吸附实验结果表明,GN对两种抗生素污染物均具有较好的吸附性能,GN对CIP和NOR的Langmuir最大吸附容量分别为270.68 mg·g^-1和178.36 mg·g^-1。砂柱实验结果表明：随着多孔介质中GN含量从10 mg增加到80 mg,CIP和NOR在一维砂柱中的迁移能力降低;随着流速和电解质浓度（Na⁺和Ca²⁺）的增大,回收率逐步升高,CIP和NOR的运移能力也逐步增强。根据BDST模型对不同条件下的CIP和NOR在一维砂柱中的运移过程进行了模拟和预测,模型对穿透时间的预测值与实验值接近,表明BDST模型能较好地预测多孔介质中GN对CIP和NOR迁移能力的影响。  相似文献   

蛋鸡单阶段箱体式孵化技术     

Bill Bennett 《中国家禽》2014,(3)

文章从生物安全、孵化技术、操作流程以及孵化成绩等方面对单阶段箱体式孵化与多阶段巷道式孵化技术进行比较,发现箱体式孵化通过标准化定制的工艺程序与现场管理相结合,可明显提高孵化表现与孵化成绩。  相似文献   

西瓜（Citrullus lanatus）基因目录（上）     

Bill Rhodes Fenny Dane 《中国西瓜甜瓜》2001,(3):38-39

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Renewal and regeneration     

Bill Scanlan 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(4):243-243

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A spatial analysis of forest management and its contribution to maintaining the extent of shrubland habitat in southern New England, United States     

Bill Buffum  Scott R. McWilliamsPeter V. August 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(9):1775-1785

Conservation organizations in the northeastern United States (US) recommend forest clearcutting to create shrubland habitat, which is required by many wildlife species with declining populations. The planning of habitat management programs is hampered by a lack of information on the current extent of shrubland habitat and the current rate of forest clearcutting that creates shrubland habitat. We addressed these information gaps by using a combination of automated and manual approaches to determine the extent and spatial configuration of shrubland habitat and recent forest clearcuts. We focused on the state of Rhode Island because (a) it is representative of the northeastern US in terms of the prevalence of private ownership of forests, and the ongoing decline in the populations of many shrubland wildlife species; (b) federal, state and private conservation groups are actively promoting clearcuts to create shrubland habitat; (c) many state-wide GIS databases are available; and (d) the spatial extent of the state made our results both generalizable and politically relevant. Our fine-scale mapping allowed a detailed analysis of shrubland distribution in conjunction with other available GIS layers that facilitates identification of priority areas for habitat management. We found that the extent of upland shrubland in non-coastal areas is decreasing by at least 1.5% annually. Considering the lack of consensus about conservation targets for the amount of shrubland, we propose that conservation organizations attempt to stabilize rather than expand the extent of shrubland habitat. This approach would provide an opportunity to assess whether the current extent of shrubland is sufficient to maintain reduced but stable wildlife populations that require this habitat. We propose a coordinated forest management program with targets for increased forest management on conservation lands. We found that the average patch size of shrubland created by recent clearcuts is large enough for most shrubland bird species, but too small for the New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis), which has been proposed for threatened and endangered status.  相似文献   

Requirement for cotolerogenic gene products in the clonal deletion of I-E reactive T cells   总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22  

D Woodland  M P Happ  J Bill  E Palmer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4945):964-967

T cells that express the T cell receptor V beta 5.2 domain react with the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule I-E, and V beta 5.2+ T cells are deleted in mouse strains that express I-E glycoproteins. By examination of genetically defined recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, it was found that the deletion was dependent on the expression of I-E and one of a limited number of non-MHC gene products (cotolerogens). The gene encoding one of these cotolerogens maps to chromosome 12 and is linked to the endogenous provirus Mtv-9. These observations suggest that the I-E-mediated and minor lymphocyte-stimulating antigen (Mls)-mediated deletions of alpha beta T cells from the repertoire are similar; both require the expression of a class II MHC glycoprotein and a second non-MHC gene product.  相似文献   

The environmental movement and labor in global capitalism: Lessons from the case of the Headwaters Forest     

Alessandro Bonanno  Bill Blome 《Agriculture and Human Values》2001,18(4):365-381

Employing the case of theredwood Headwaters forest in rural NorthernCalifornia, this paper investigates the extentto which an anti-corporate progressive alliancebetween labor and the environmental movement ispossible in contemporary global capitalism.Progressive alliances between labor and theenvironmental movement have been historicallydifficult. This has been particularly the casein the timber industry, where companies havebeen able to mobilize workers againstenvironmentalists' designs. The caseillustrates the events that led to the purchaseof the Headwaters Forest by the state ofCalifornia and the Federal Government fromPacific Lumber. This is a subsidiary of Maxxam,a corporation with interests in a variety ofeconomic sectors. The objective was to haltMaxxam's rampant deforestation of old growthredwood. Though conflict between labor andenvironmentalists existed, the casedemonstrates that the labor and theenvironmental movement were united againstMaxxam. They, however, were not completelysuccessful in their struggle as Maxxam greatlybenefited from the state-sponsored landpurchase. Maxxam gained economically, was ableto shape the ideological framework throughwhich the purchasing agreement was achieved,and extended its hegemony over the state. Thisoutcome cast doubts on the possibility thatcurrent forms of environmental protection couldtranscend commodified and reductionistpostures. Simultaneously, the existence of acommon anti-corporate consciousness among largesegments of labor and the environmentalmovement makes the environment a contestedterrain and allows for some optimism about thefuture of the struggle for ecologically soundsocial arrangements.  相似文献   

Retraction     

Davis ST  Benson BG  Bramson HN  Chapman DE  Dickerson SH  Dold KM  Eberwein DJ  Edelstein M  Frye SV  Gampe RT  Grifffen RJ  Harris PA  Hassell AM  Holmes WD  Hunter RN  Knick VB  Lackey K  Lovejoy B  Luzzio MJ  Murray D  Parker P  Rocque WJ  Shewchuk-Chapman L  Veal JM  Walker DH  Kuyper LF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5602):2327

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