NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT SOYBEANS IS REDUCED UNDER GLYPHOSATE USE     

Luiz Henrique Saes Zobiole  Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Junior  Robert John Kremer  Antonio Saraiva Muniz  Adilson de Oliveira Junior 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(12):1860-1873

Global production of glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] continues to increase annually; however, there are no particular specific fertilizer recommendations for the transgenic varieties used in this system largely because reports of glyphosate effects on mineral nutrition of GR soybeans are lacking. Several metabolites or degradation products of glyphosate have been identified or postulated to cause undesirable effects on GR soybeans. In this work we used increasing glyphosate rates in different application on cv. ‘BRS 242 GR’ in order to evaluate photosynthetic parameters, macro- and micronutrient uptake and accumulation and shoot and root dry biomass production. Increasing glyphosate rates revealed a significant decrease in photosynthesis, macro and micronutrients accumulation in leaf tissues and also decreases in nutrient uptake. The reduced biomass in GR soybeans represents additive effects from the decreased photosynthetic parameters as well as lower availability of nutrients in tissues of the glyphosate treated plants.  相似文献   

AMINO ACID APPLICATION CAN BE AN ALTERNATIVE TO PREVENT GLYPHOSATE INJURY IN GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT SOYBEANS     

Luiz Henrique Saes Zobiole  Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Junior  Jamil Constantin  Robert John Kremer  Denis Fernando Biffe 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):268-287

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) soybeans have continuously increased; however, this expansion significantly increased the use of glyphosate and therefore, in some cases, has resulted in injury symptoms observed in GR soybean, known as “yellow flashing”. Previous reports of interference of glyphosate with nutrient availability and utilization by GR soybean may be linked to this injury symptom. Also, because glyphosate interferes with amino acid synthesis, supplementation with exogenous amino acids may help GR soybean recover from adverse effects of glyphosate. Therefore, an experiment was designed to evaluate different amino acid concentrations. Near-isogenic and GR soybean varieties were grown in the greenhouse in two soils with and without glyphosate at different rates and amino acids were foliarly applied with and without glyphosate. In general, the photosynthetic variables, nutrient contents, and shoot and root dry biomass parameters were affected by glyphosate, however, use of amino acid formulations suppressed harmful effects of glyphosate on these parameters.  相似文献   

Macronutrient Accumulation in Coffee Fruits at Brazilian Zona Da Mata Conditions     

Bruno Galvêas Laviola  Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez  Ronessa Bartolomeu de Souza  Luiz Carlos Chamhum Salomão  Cosme Damião Cruz 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):980-995

Macronutrient accumulation in fruits and concentrations of these nutrients in leaves of fruit-bearing branches of arabica coffee were studied between anthesis and maturation. The experiment was carried out in a 2.0 × 1.0 m spacing of an arabica coffee orchard, collecting fruits and leaves of 18 randomized parcels at 12 sampling times, using a split-plot design. The largest accumulation rates of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) were observed at the rapid expansion fruit stage, among 79 to 85 DAA (Days after the anthesis). Compared to the other nutrients, Ca and Mg accumulation occurred quickly in the 1st suspended growth stadium.  相似文献   

Longevity of Epidendrum ibaguense flowers as affected by pre-loading treatments and vase solution     

Fernando Luiz Finger  Paulo José De Moraes  Ana Maria Mapeli  José Geraldo Barbosa  Paulo Roberto Cecon 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):144-147

Summary

Post-harvest longevity of Epidendrum ibaguense cut flowers was maximum when treated for 6 h with 1 g m^–3 Ethylbloc^® [0.14% 1-methylcyclopropene; 1-MCP] followed, or not, by pulsing with 200 g l^–1 sucrose for 12 h. This extended the vase-life from 5.5 d to at least 11 d. Cut inflorescences pulsed with 2.0 mM silver thiosulphate (STS) had reduced abscission of flowers, similar to the effect of 1-MCP. When inflorescences were pulsed with 200 g l^–1 sucrose alone for 12 h, no effect was observed on the vase-life of the flowers. Flowers kept in a vase solution containing 20 g l^–1 sucrose, 150 mg l^–1 citric acid, and 200 mg l^–1 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate did not influence the longevity of 1-MCP or STS pre-treated flowers, but the vase solution had a small influence on retarding abscission compared with flowers kept in distilled water. Adding 0.2 mM STS to the vase solution improved vase-life 1.74- and 1.45-fold compared with the longevity of flowers kept in distilled water or in vase solution alone, respectively. The presence of 0.3 mM AgNO₃ alone, or mixed into the vase solution, had no affect on the vase-life of the flowers.  相似文献   

AMMI-Bayesian models and use of credible regions in the study of combining ability in maize     

Bernardo Júnior  Luiz Antonio Yanes  Von Pinho  Renzo Garcia  da Silva  Carlos Pereira  Vieira Júnior  Indalécio Cunha  de Oliveira  Luciano Antonio  Silva  Eric Vinicius Vieira 《Euphytica》2021,217(8):1-1

Euphytica - With globalization and easy access to information, a consumer market that is more conscious and focused on the search for superior quality coffees appears.  相似文献   

Genetic control of resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 1 in the Brazilian common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Aporé     

Sindynara Ferreira  Luiz Antonio Augusto Gomes  Wilson Roberto Maluf  Isabela Volpi Furtini  Vicente Paulo Campos 《Euphytica》2012,186(3):867-873

The use of resistant cultivars is one of the best methods for nematode control and reduction of economic losses caused by these pathogens. Studies of inheritance of nematode resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are nonetheless scarce. The present paper reports on the estimation of genetic parameters associated with resistance to the root nematode Meloidogyne incognita race 1 in common beans. Two contrasting bean lines, ‘Aporé’ (P₁ = nematode resistant) e ‘Macarr?o Rasteiro Conquista’ (P₂ = susceptible), and the generations F₁ (P₁ × P₂), F₂ (P₁ × P₂), BC₁(P₁) = (F₁ × P₁) and BC₁(P₂) = (F₁ × P₂), were assessed 45 days after nematode inoculation, through a scale related to the number of eggs per gram of root tissue. Dominant genetic effects were inferior in magnitude to additive effects, indicating incomplete dominance of nematode resistance. Dominance was in the direction of increased nematode resistance (i.e., lower number of eggs per g root). Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita race 1 in common bean is under control of a single gene locus, with incomplete dominance of the resistance allele present in ‘Aporé’, but modifier genes affecting its expression appear to be present in the susceptible parent ‘Macarr?o Rasteiro Conquista’.  相似文献   

Low temperature, IBA concentrations and optimal time for adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus benthamii mini-cuttings   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gilvano Ebling Brondani  Francisco José Benedini Baccarin  Heron Wilhelmus de Wit Ondas  José Luiz Stape  Antonio Natal Gonalves  Marcilio de Almeida 《林业研究》2012,23(4):583-592

Eucalyptus benthamii is a forest species of economic interest that has difficulty with seed production and also is considered to have difficulty with adventitious rooting using propagation techniques,such as cutting or mini-cutting.We aimed to assess the adventitious rooting percentage under different storage times in low temperatures and at various IBA(indole-3-butyric acid) concentrations to determine the optimal time of permanence for rooting Eucalyptus benthamii minicuttings in a greenhouse.Shoots collected from mini-stumps cultivated in a semi-hydroponic system were used to obtain the mini-cuttings.For the first experiment,the mini-cuttings were stored at 4℃ for 0(immediate planting),24,48,72,96 and 120 h.The second experiment evaluated the rooting dynamic to determine the optimal time of permanence for minicuttings in a greenhouse.The basal region of the mini-cutting was treated with various IBA solutions:0(free of IBA),1,000,2,000,3,000 and 4,000 mg·L-1.Every seven days(0(immediate planting),7,14,21 and 28 days),destructive sampling of the mini-cuttings was performed to evaluate the histology of the adventitious rooting.Eucalyptus benthamii minicuttings should be rooted immediately after the collection of the shoots.The 2,000 mg·L-1 IBA concentration induced a greater speed and percentage of adventitious rooting,and an interval of 35 to 42 days was indicated for permanence of the mini-cuttings in the greenhouse.Exposure to low temperature induced adventitious root formation with diffuse vascular connections.  相似文献   

Endoscopic transcervical intrauterine artificial insemination in Labrador Retriever bitches     

Macedo SP  Malm C  Henry MR  Telles LF  Figueiredo MS  Fukushima FB  Neves MM  Cavalcanti GA  Chaves MS  Mascarenhas RM  Lagares Mde A  Gheller VA 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):494-500

Besides post-thawing reduced semen quality, there are some difficulties in the execution of the endoscopic transcervical intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) with frozen-thawed semen in bitches. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate behavioral and reproductive parameters (i.e., vaginal cytology and serum progesterone level) to determine time of insemination and to investigate the particularities and difficulties of this technique in bitches using fresh semen. Ten Labrador Retriever bitches were submitted to three endoscopic transcervical intrauterine AIs (with 48 h intervals). Oestrus and ovulation period were established by behaviour evaluation, progesterone assays and vaginal cytology, enabling optimal timing for AI during oestrus. During AI, the following aspects were evaluated: cervical os catheterization difficulty, semen deposition resistance, occurrence of semen backflow, and time required to perform the AI. In this study, it was possible to catheterize the cervical os in all bitches, with different degrees of difficulty, by manipulating the equipment to allow cervical visualization and catheter introduction in the cervical canal. Serial serum progesterone assays enabled estimation of LH surge day, and thus of ovulation. The pregnancy rate was 90%, with a litter size of 5.0 ± 2.6 puppies per bitch. It was concluded that the difficulties in the execution of the endoscopic transcervical intrauterine AI technique in Labrador Retriever bitches were minimized by the equipment manipulation and practical experience.  相似文献   

Population structure and genetic variability in the Murrah dairy breed of water buffalo in Brazil accessed via pedigree analysis     

Carlos Henrique Mendes Malhado  Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado  Paulo Luiz Souza Carneiro  Alcides Amorim Ramos  Diego Pagung Ambrosini  Akin Pala 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(8):1891-1897

The objective of this study was to use pedigree analysis to evaluate the population structure and genetic variability in the Murrah dairy breed of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Brazil. Pedigree analysis was performed on 5,061 animals born between 1972 and 2002. The effective number of founders (fe) was 60, representing 6.32?% of the potential number of founders. The effective number of ancestors (fa) was 36 and the genetic contribution of the 17 most influent ancestors explained 50?% of the genetic variability in the population. The ratio fe/fa (effective number of founders/effective number of ancestors), which expresses the effect of population bottlenecks, was 1.66. Completeness level for the whole pedigree was 76.8, 49.2, 27.7, and 12.8?% for, respectively, the first, second, third, and fourth known parental generations. The average inbreeding values for the whole analyzed pedigree and for inbreed animals were, respectively, 1.28 and 7.64?%. The average relatedness coefficient between individuals of the population was estimated to be 2.05?%??the highest individual coefficient was 10.31?%. The actual inbreeding and average relatedness coefficient are probably higher than estimated due to low levels of pedigree completeness. Moreover, the inbreeding coefficient increased with the addition of each generation to the pedigree, indicating that incomplete pedigrees tend to underestimate the level of inbreeding. Introduction of new sires with the lowest possible average relatedness coefficient and the use of appropriate mating strategies are recommended to keep inbreeding at acceptable levels and increase the genetic variability in this economically important species, which has relatively low numbers compared to other commercial cattle breeds. The inclusion of additional parameters, such as effective number of founders, effective number of ancestors, and fe/fa ratio, provides better resolution as compared to the inclusion of inbreeding coefficient and may help breeders and farmers adopt better precautionary measures against inbreeding depression and other deleterious genetic effects.  相似文献   

Multidrug and multispecies resistance in sheep flocks from São Paulo state, Brazil     

Veríssimo CJ  Niciura SC  Alberti AL  Rodrigues CF  Barbosa CM  Chiebao DP  Cardoso D  da Silva GS  Pereira JR  Margatho LF  da Costa RL  Nardon RF  Ueno TE  Curci VC  Molento MB 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,187(1-2):209-216

The economic importance of sheep production is increasing worldwide simultaneously with the emergence of parasitic resistance. This study aimed to survey the current situation of management practices and parasite resistance in sheep flocks in S?o Paulo state, Brazil. A questionnaire was given to 35 sheep farmers to obtain information related to flock management practices. Of these flocks, 30 were submitted to the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) with at least one of the five following anthelmintics: albendazole, closantel, ivermectin, levamisole, and moxidectin, for comparison against an untreated control group. In the survey, the median number animals per flock was 301, mainly of the Santa Ines breed (in 75.8% of the flocks) and crossbred animals (in 54.5% of the flocks). The predominant farming system was semi-intensive (82.9%), using rotational grazing (80%). Selective treatment was based on FAMACHA grade (47.1%) and in clinical signs (41.2%). The most often applied anthelmintics were macrocyclic lactones (42.9-54.2% in the last three applications). Considering the anthelmintics employed in this study, 10.7% of the farms' flocks were resistant to three, 35.7% to four, and 53.6% to all five anthelmintics. The main helminth genera observed before and after treatments were Haemonchus sp. (75.8%) and Trichostrongylus sp. (19.1%), but all observed genera (Cooperia sp., Oesophagostomum sp., and Strongyloides sp.) were detected by the FECRT. Considering efficacy values less than or equal to 90% in the FECRT as resistant, 100% of flocks were resistant to albendazole and ivermectin, 96.6% to moxidectin, 92.9% to closantel, and 53.6% to levamisole. It is thus possible to conclude that multidrug resistance is widespread in sheep flocks in S?o Paulo state, Brazil, and this involves all prevalent helminth genera.  相似文献