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排序方式: 共有86条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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73.
Gerard Nounagnon Gouwakinnou Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo Anne Mette Lykke Brice Sinsin 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
The domestication of indigenous fruits through agroforestry is seen as one of the important issues in the transformation in the way in which land is used within rural areas. A study of the variation in fruit traits is also important as it is a prerequisite for cultivar development in the domestication process. Following an aridity gradient, phenotypic variation was assessed in fruits of Sclerocarya birrea subsp. birrea, native to West African semi-arid areas. Fruits were collected from 42 trees of various diameters in agroforestry parklands from the dry and semi-humid Sudanian zones. They were partitioned into peel, flesh and pit. Each fruit was labelled and its components were measured and weighted. The overall mean fruit mass was 18.58 ± 0.24 g (mean ± SE) but fruits from the population in the drier zone were significantly larger (19.90 ± 0.37 g vs 17.02 ± 0.24 g; P < 0.001). The results showed a strong correlation between fruits and their components (P < 0.05). Tree diameter was very weakly correlated with fruit traits. There was a high level of variation in fruit characteristics and components within and between populations. The within-population variation accounted for the greatest part (67–100%) of the total variation. Many trees, mainly from the drier zones, showed superior phenotypic traits. Five groups of trees which represented different fruit morphotypes were identified for various prospective exploitations. The results strongly support the implementation of preliminary practical conservation action and domestication of S. birrea in West Africa. 相似文献
74.
Wei Jiang Dongdong Wang Brice A. P. Wilson Unwoo Kang Heidi R. Bokesch Emily A. Smith Antony Wamiru Ekaterina I. Goncharova Donna Voeller Stanley Lipkowitz Barry R. OKeefe Kirk R. Gustafson 《Marine drugs》2021,19(7)
An extract of the coralline demosponge Astrosclera willeyana inhibited the ubiquitin ligase activity of the immunomodulatory protein Cbl-b. The bioassay-guided separation of the extract provided ten active compounds, including three new N-methyladenine-containing diterpenoids, agelasines W–Y (1–3), a new bromopyrrole alkaloid, N(1)-methylisoageliferin (4), and six known ageliferin derivatives (5–10). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated from their spectroscopic and spectrometric data, including IR, HRESIMS, and NMR, and by comparison with spectroscopic data in the literature. While all of the isolated compounds showed Cbl-b inhibitory activities, ageliferins (4–10) were the most potent metabolites, with IC50 values that ranged from 18 to 35 μM. 相似文献
75.
Rodrigue Idohou Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo Belarmain Fandohan Gerard Nounagnon Gouwakinnou Romain Lucas Glele Kakai Brice Sinsin Nigel Maxted 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(4):1337-1352
Species prioritization is a crucial step in any development of conservation strategy, especially for crop wild relatives (CWR), since financial resources are generally limited. This study aimed at: assessing the biodiversity of crop wild relatives in Benin and identifying priority species for active conservation. Data were collected through literature review to establish an exhaustive list of CWR in Benin. Eight prioritization criteria and different prioritization systems were used. The top 50 species obtained by each of these methods were identified and twenty final top CWR were shortlisted as those occurring as priority across methods. A total of 266 plant species belonging to 65 genera and 36 families were identified. The most represented are: Cyperaceae (12.50 %), Leguminosae-Papilionoideae (11.87 %), Convolvulaceae (11.25 %), Poaceae (10.31 %), Asteraceae (7.81 %), Solanaceae (6.87 %) and Dioscoreaceae (5.31 %). Among the 20 species of highest priority for conservation, Manihot glaziovii Müll. Arg. and Piper guineense Schumach. et Thonn., appeared as the most represented species on top of the list. 相似文献
76.
Brice A. McPherson David L. Wood Andrew J. Storer N. Maggi Kelly Richard B. Standiford 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2001,6(3-4):243-246
A forest disease caused by a newly described pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum, is presently affecting a number of woody plant species in central and northern coastal California and southern Oregon, U.S.A. Among the most severely affected tree species are coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia, and tanoak, Lithocarpus densiflorus. In March 2000, we established plots in Marin County, CA, to assess symptom progression and the association of other organisms with diseased trees. Symptomatic trees exhibit 'bleeding' of viscous sap from apparently intact bark, typically within approximately 2 m of the soil. At least three species of bark and ambrosia beetles colonize bleeding oaks. These beetles colonized every bleeding tree that died during the first year of the study (N = 23) while the foliage was still green. By March 2001, numbers of symptomatic and dead trees increased for both coast live oak and tanoak. Symptomatic coast live oaks totaled 26% in March 2000 and 27% in March 2001. During the same period, mortality increased from 6% to 10%. For tanoaks, 41% were symptomatic in 2000, rising to 49% in 2001. Mortality was 11% in 2000 and 13% in 2001. The values for coast live oak are broadly consistent with independently acquired infection and mortality estimates derived from an unbiased transect method. 相似文献
77.
SA Hamzath Kora Cédric A Goussanou Achille E Assogbadjo Brice Sinsin 《Southern Forests》2019,81(2):111-122
Allometric equations are required for a rapid estimation of commercial timber volume and forest biomass stocks. In order to preserve the forest ecosystem, this study applied a non-destructive sampling approach to measure biophysical properties of living trees. From these measurements, volume and biomass models were developed for 11 dominant tree species in a semi-deciduous natural forest and for Acacia auriculiformis in a plantation located in southern Benin. The observations were combined to develop also generic models applicable to non-dominant tree species. Wood samples of the tree species were collected with an increment borer and analysed in the laboratory to determine species-specific wood densities. The sample size was composed of 243 trees in natural forest and 21 trees in plantation. The measurements were conducted in 30 plots of 50 m × 50 m. The graphical assessment of correlation between model outputs (biomass and volume) and variables (diameter and height) and the statistical analysis confirmed that the logarithmic model with two variables had the best predictions. The assessment also confirmed that the model using diameter only as a variable had good predictions when observations on height were unavailable. The comparative analysis of model predictions showed that the generic model in this study over-estimated biomass by up to 74.80% for certain species and under-estimated biomass by 21.18% for other species. The study shows that there are no statistically significant differences between the wood densities in this research and that published in previous studies. 相似文献
78.
Coopman RE Reyes-Díaz M Briceño VF Corcuera LJ Cabrera HM Bravo LA 《Tree physiology》2008,28(10):1561-1571
Nothofagus nitida (Phil.) Krasser, an emergent tree of the Chilean evergreen forest, regenerates under the canopy. Nonetheless, it is common to find older saplings in clear areas. We hypothesized that this transition from shade to sun during the early developmental stages is made possible by an ontogenetic increase in the light acclimation capacity of photosynthesis. To test our hypothesis, we studied photosynthetic performance and photoprotection in N. nitida saplings at different developmental stages corresponding with three different height classes (short: 16.2 cm; medium-height: 48.0 cm; and tall: 73.7 cm) grown under contrasting light conditions (photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 20, 300 or 600 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) until newly expanded leaves had developed. Light-saturated CO(2) assimilation rate and light compensation and saturation points increased with increasing PPF. Medium-height and tall saplings acclimated to high light had higher electron transport rates and higher proportions of open Photosystem II reaction centers than shorter plants acclimated to high light. Short saplings showed higher thermal dissipation and contents of xanthophylls than taller saplings. Only medium-height and tall saplings acclimated to high light recovered after photoinhibition. State transitions were higher in short plants growing in low light, and decreased with plant height and growth irradiance. Thus, during development, N. nitida changes the balance of light energy utilization and photoprotective mechanisms, supporting a phenotypic transition from shade to sun during its early ontogeny. 相似文献
79.
Bruno Agossou Djossa Jakob Fahr T. Wiegand B. E. Ayihouénou E. K. Kalko B. A. Sinsin 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):205-220
The shea tree, Vitellaria paradoxa, is a socio-economically important tree for the rural population in parts of West Africa.
Our study assessed the current status of this native tree species with regard to increasing human pressure in northern Benin.
We compared distribution of adult shea trees, seedlings and saplings in farmed lands with protected areas in the Biosphere
Reserve of Pendjari (BRP). At our study site near BRP, agricultural activities foster recruitment of shea trees by regularly
cropping of vegetation cover. Furthermore, traditional farming practices preserve adult individuals thus permitting regular
fruit harvests. Consequently, most of the tallest and largest individuals of shea trees are found in framed lands. In contrast,
the highest density of juvenile trees including seedlings (dbh <5 cm) and saplings (dbh 5–10 cm) occurred within BRP. Saplings
were negatively affected by farming activities. Furthermore, spatial point pattern analysis revealed differences in the spatial
structure of juveniles. Juveniles showed significant aggregations at small scale (<20 m) in BRP as well as significant and
positive small-scale associations with adult trees. This contrasts with farmed lands where we did not find such spatial patterns
at similar small scale but only a weak aggregation between juveniles and absence of association (attraction) of adults to
juveniles. Although our analyses indicate that shea trees are rather well preserved, we conclude that the observed severe
reduction of saplings in farmed lands is likely to negatively impact the long-term viability of the tree population. Therefore
agroforestry practices must consider the preservation of sapling populations in farming areas for long-term conservation. 相似文献
80.
A. E. Assogbadjo T. Kyndt F. J. Chadare B. Sinsin G. Gheysen O. Eyog-Matig P. Van Damme 《Agroforestry Systems》2009,75(2):157-165
Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is one of the predominant tree species in West African agroforestry systems. A local morphological classification system
is used by farmers, identifying trees with desired or undesired combinations of traits. This study evaluates the genetic significance
of these morphotypes by comparing local identification with AFLP marker information. Eight morphotypes were recognized by
seven ethnic groups from Benin, Ghana and Senegal, among 182 sampled baobab trees. Five primer pairs were used for DNA fingerprinting,
resulting in a total of 254 scored bands, of which between 94.1% and 100% was polymorphic within morphotypes. Generally, genetic
fingerprinting did not correlate with the traditional morphological identification of Adansonia digitata. Probably, AFLP markers are not directly linked to the differences in phenotype or the traits used for the traditional classification
are largely dependent on environmental factors. Since no genetic differentiation is found between the morphotypes, a morphotype-based
approach in the collection of genetic variation for conservation programs is not advisable.
A. E. Assogbadjo and T. Kyndt equally contributed to this work. 相似文献