Resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi,M. fallax and M. hapla in wild tuber-bearing Solanum spp.     

Geert J. W. Janssen  Arend van Norel  Brigitte Verkerk-Bakker  Richard Janssen 《Euphytica》1995,92(3):287-294

Summary Over 5000 plants from 64 tuber-bearing wild Solanum spp. have been individually screened for resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax and M. hapla. Seedlings were analyzed by means of counting number of egg masses and resistance was verified by retesting low-scoring plants using stem cuttings. Resistance to both M. chitwoodi and M. fallax was observed in S. bulbocastanum, S. cardiophyllum, S. brachistotrichum, S. fendleri and S. hougasii. Only in S. chacoense and to a lesser extent in S. stoloniferum and S. gourlayi differential results between M. chitwoodi and M. fallax were observed. Resistance to M. hapla was found in S. bulbocastanum, S. brachistotrichum, S. cardiophyllum, S. arnezii, S. chacoense, S. tarijense, S. boliviense, S. gourlayi, S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. spegazzinii, S. sucrense, S. acaule and S. hougasii. The occurrence of resistance in wild Solanum species in relation to their taxonomic status and the implications for introgression of resistance into S. tuberosum are discussed.  相似文献   

Long-term clinical outcomes of dogs with single congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts attenuated with thin film banding or ameroid ring constrictors     

Aki Otomo DVM  Ameet Singh DVM  DVSc  DACVS  Junemoe Jeong DVM  Rachel Dobberstein BSc  Alexandra Lundhild BSc  Elyse Peter  Brigitte Brisson DVM  DVSc  DACVS  Michelle Oblak DVM  DVSc  DACVS  Milan Milovancev DVM  DACVS-SA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(3):436-444

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Site-specific field resistance of grapevine to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Plasmopara viticola</Emphasis> correlates to altered gene expression and was not modulated by the application of organic amendments     

Barbara Thuerig  Ana Slaughter  Elaheh Marouf  Matthias Held  Brigitte Mauch-Mani  Lucius Tamm 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(2):255-265

The influence of site on resistance of grapevine (cv. Chasselas) to Plasmopara viticola was evaluated. Grapevine leaves from three vineyards in the region of Lake Neuchatel (Switzerland) were tested for their susceptibility to P. viticola in the lab in five successive years (2004–2008), and the expression levels of four selected defence-related genes (Glucanase, Lipoxygenase 9, 9-cis epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, Stilbene synthase) were studied in 1 year. In all 5 years of examination, differences between sites were substantial. In four out of 5 years, plants from site Hauvernier were much less susceptible to P. viticola than plants from site Auvernier. In another year, differences were less pronounced but still significant for one leaf age. Susceptibility of plants from a third site (Concise) varied from year to year. Differences in the genetic background were excluded by microsatellite analysis. Differences in susceptibility were mirrored in the constitutive expression pattern of four defence-related genes, with samples from the Hauterive site clearly separated from samples of the other two sites in redundancy analysis. Furthermore, it was evaluated whether site-specific resistance can be modulated by agronomic practices such as the application of organic amendments. In two commercial vineyards (cv. Pinot noir), soils had either not (control) or yearly (compost) been amended with a compost for the last 9 years. Leaves from plants grown in any of the two treatments did not differ in their susceptibility to P. viticola in both years of examination. Additionally, under controlled conditions, none of 19 different composts amended to the substrate of grapevine seedlings or cuttings affected their susceptibility to P. viticola, but 8 out of 19 composts reduced severity in the control bioassay Arabidopsis thaliana—Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, indicating that a modulation of site-specific susceptibility of grapevine plants by organic amendments is at the very least, difficult.  相似文献   

Foreword
“The downy mildews—Biology, mechanisms of resistance, population ecology”     

Ale? Lebeda  Gerald J. Holmes  Brigitte Mauch-Mani  Michael J. Jeger 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(2):133

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Determining Sources of Diversity in Cultivated and Wild <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lablab purpureus</Emphasis> Related to Provenance of Germplasm by using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism     

Brigitte L.?MaassEmail author  Ramni H.?Jamnadass  Jean?Hanson  Bruce C.?Pengelly 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2005,52(6):683-695

To improve understanding of diversity of Lablab purpureus and establish relationships among 103 germplasm accessions collected from diverse geographic origins, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were used. Four primer sets selected out of 16 produced 289 clear, repeatable polymorphisms. UPGMA analysis of similarity data clustered the accessions according to their subspecific taxonomic organization, i.e., subsp. purpureus and subsp. uncinatus, as well as to cultivated and wild forms. The well-represented landraces from Africa and Asia, belonging predominantly to subsp. purpureus, displayed moderate genetic diversity. Wild forms from Africa showed far greater levels of diversity that would justify taxonomic re-assessment of the wild subsp. uncinatus. The molecular analysis identified forms that were collected in the wild in India but were genetically placed intermediate between wild and cultivated forms. As these plant types did not exist among the African accessions, it is suggested that they might represent escapes from early attempts of domestication. These results support the suggested pathway of domestication and distribution of L. purpureus from Africa to Asia. Additional members to a previously published core collection of the species are proposed.  相似文献   

Impact of lignin structure and cell wall reticulation on maize cell wall degradability   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhang Y  Culhaoglu T  Pollet B  Melin C  Denoue D  Barrière Y  Baumberger S  Méchin V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10129-10135

In this study, eight maize recombinant inbred lines were selected to assess both the impact of lignin structure and the impact of cell wall reticulation by p-hydroxycinnamic acids on cell wall degradability independently of the main "lignin content" factor. These recombinant lines and their parents were analyzed for in vitro degradability, cell wall residue content, esterified and etherified p-hydroxycinnamic acid content, and lignin content and structure. Lignin structure and esterified p-coumaric acid content showed significantly high correlation with in vitro degradability (r=-0.82 and r=-0.72, respectively). A multiple regression analysis showed that more than 80% of cell wall degradability variations within these 10 lines (eight recombinant inbred lines and their two parents) were explained by a regression model including two main explanatory factors: lignin content and estimated proportion of syringyl lignin units esterified by p-coumaric acid. This study revealed new biochemical parameters of interest to improve cell wall degradability and promote lignocellulose valorization.  相似文献   

Serum insulin-like growth factor type 1 concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with spontaneous primary hypothyroidism     

Jaillardon L  Martin L  Nguyen P  Siliart B 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2011,190(2):e95-e99

Circulating insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) concentrations in dogs have been correlated with standard breed bodyweight (SBBW or breed size). Thyroid and somatotropic functions, which have common effects and regulatory mechanisms, were investigated in hypothyroid dogs. IGF-1 was measured in 495 adult healthy dogs (N) and in 220 primary hypothyroid dogs (HOT) with clinical and biological signs of primary hypothyroidism. IGF-1 was determined as a function of SBBW (kg): ≤15 (group A); 1540 (group D). In HOT dogs, median fT4 and c-TSH values were 9pmol/L and 1.5ng/mL, respectively. A significant correlation between bodyweight (BW) and IGF-1 was observed in both HOT and N dogs. The median IGF-1 value (ng/mL) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in HOT dogs compared to N in groups B, C and D (230 vs. 182; 316 vs. 230; 606 vs. 306 respectively). In conclusion, IGF-1 concentration should be interpreted in the context of SBBW in dogs and increases in spontaneous primary hypothyroidism. However, it remains unclear if this association is directly due to hypothyroidism or is the result of the weight gain accompanying hypothyroidism.  相似文献   

Use of the ventrodorsal myelographic view to predict lateralization of extruded disk material in small-breed dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion: 104 cases (2004-2005)     

Bos AS  Brisson BA  Holmberg DL  Nykamp SG 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,230(12):1860-1865

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the ventrodorsal myelographic view can be used to accurately predict the circumferential location of extruded disk material in dogs with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion (IVDE) and to describe paradoxical contrast obstruction (PCO). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS:104 dogs with Hansen type I IVDE. Procedures-Ventrodorsal myelographic views were reviewed, and contrast patterns were categorized according to 8 predetermined patterns. Agreement among observers was compared, and the predicted location of extruded disk material was compared with surgical findings. RESULTS: Agreement regarding myelographic pattern and location of extruded disk material was moderate (kappa = 0.74 and 0.80, respectively) among the 4 observers. Ninety-three (89%) dogs had myelographic evidence of lateralized extrusion, and in 83 of the 93 (89%), predicted location of extruded disk material matched the surgically confirmed location. In 33 of the 40 (83%) dogs with bilateral contrast column gaps of unequal length, disk material was found to be located on the side with the shorter, rather than the longer, contrast gap, a phenomenon described as PCO. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that the ventrodorsal myelographic view could be used to predict the circumferential location of extruded disk material in dogs with thoracolumbar IVDE more often than previously reported. The PCO phenomenon may be useful in determining the side of lateralization when contrast material does not outline the extruded disk material.  相似文献   

In vitro evaluation of the impact of silver coating on Escherichia coli adherence to urinary catheters     

Adam T. Ogilvie  Brigitte A. Brisson  Ameet Singh  J. Scott Weese 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(5):490-494

A silver-coated urinary catheter was compared to a non-silver-coated urinary catheter for the ability to reduce adherence of 6 isolates of Escherichia coli. Catheters were incubated with E. coli strains for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h. Broth was sampled at all time points to determine CFU/mL. Catheters were subjected to sonication to determine adhered bacteria at all time points, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to semi-quantitatively assess biofilm formation. Silver-coated catheters had significantly less adhered bacteria than non-silver-coated catheters at times 24, 48, and 72 h. Subjectively, silver-coated urinary catheters had less biofilm formation than non-silver-coated urinary catheters as assessed by SEM. Silver coating of catheters was associated with reduced adherence of E. coli in an in vitro evaluation. Testing of catheters in dogs in vivo is required to determine if there is a reduction in catheter-associated urinary tract infections.  相似文献   

Therapeutic vaccines for chronic infections     

Autran B  Carcelain G  Combadiere B  Debre P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5681):205-208

Therapeutic vaccines aim to prevent severe complications of a chronic infection by reinforcing host defenses when some immune control, albeit insufficient, can already be demonstrated and when a conventional antimicrobial therapy either is not available or has limited efficacy. We focus on the rationale and challenges behind this still controversial strategy and provide examples from three major chronic infectious diseases- human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus-for which the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines is currently being evaluated.  相似文献