Snow gliding and loading under two different forest stands: a case study in the north-western Italian Alps     

Davide Viglietti  Margherita Maggioni  Enrico Bruno  Ermanno Zanini  Michele Freppaz 《林业研究》2013,24(4):633-642

The presence of a thick snowpack could interfere with forest stability, especially on steep slopes with potential damages for young and old stands. The study of snow gliding in forests is rather comple...  相似文献   

Evaluation of five serological tests for the diagnosis of porcine brucellosis in French Polynesia     

Anne Praud  Olivier Gimenez  Gina Zanella  Nathalie Pozzi  Valérie Antras  Laurence Meyer  Bruno Garin-Bastuji 《Tropical animal health and production》2013,45(4):931-933

Porcine brucellosis due to Brucella suis biovar 1 raises important issues for pig breeders in French Polynesia. In this region, the disease is enzootic, spreads silently and engenders economic losses in infected farms as well as sporadic human cases. While serological tests are essential in surveillance and control programmes of animal diseases, to date none of the available tests have been shown to be reliable enough to be used as a gold standard in routine individual diagnosis of porcine brucellosis. Few studies about the estimation of the sensitivity and the specificity of porcine brucellosis screening tests have been published, none of them dealing with French Polynesia. The studied population included 1,595 pigs from French Polynesia. Five tests were evaluated: Rose Bengal test, fluorescence polarisation assay, indirect ELISA, and two competitive ELISAs (C-ELISA). The sensitivity and the specificity of each test were estimated. C-ELISA₂ was the most sensitive test (Se C-ELISA₂?=?0.954 [0.889; 0.992] 95 % credibility interval (CrI)) while both C-ELISA and Rose Bengal test (RBT) were the most specific ones (Sp C-ELISA₁?=?0.856 [0.806; 0.915] 95 % CrI; Sp C-ELISA₂?=?0.849 [0.817; 0.879] 95 % CrI; Sp RBT?=?0.853 [0.812; 0.898] 95 % CrI).  相似文献   

Geospatial variation of physical attributes and sugarcane productivity in cohesive soils     

Schossler  Thiago Rodrigo  Mantovanelli  Bruno Campos  de Almeida  Brivaldo Gomes  Freire  Fernando José  da Silva  Manassés Mesquita  de Almeida  Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral  Freire  Maria Betânia Galvão dos Santos 《Precision Agriculture》2019,20(6):1274-1291

Precision Agriculture - Sugarcane productivity is highly variable across space, and knowledge about the spatial distribution of soil physical attributes is important to guide management practices...  相似文献   

Nitrogen retention and plant uptake on a highly weathered central Amazonian Ferralsol amended with compost and charcoal     

Christoph Steiner  Bruno Glaser  Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira  Johannes Lehmann  Winfried E.H. Blum  Wolfgang Zech 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2008,171(6):893-899

Leaching losses of N are a major limitation of crop production on permeable soils and under heavy rainfalls as in the humid tropics. We established a field trial in the central Amazon (near Manaus, Brazil) in order to study the influence of charcoal and compost on the retention of N. Fifteen months after organic‐matter admixing (0–0.1 m soil depth), we added ¹⁵N‐labeled (NH₄)₂SO₄ (27.5 kg N ha^–1 at 10 atom% excess). The tracer was measured in top soil (0–0.1 m) and plant samples taken at two successive sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) harvests. The N recovery in biomass was significantly higher when the soil contained compost (14.7% of applied N) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (5.7%) due to significantly higher crop production during the first growth period. After the second harvest, the retention in soil was significantly higher in the charcoal‐amended plots (15.6%) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (9.7%) due to higher retention in soil. The total N recovery in soil, crop residues, and grains was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on compost (16.5%), charcoal (18.1%), and charcoal‐plus‐compost treatments (17.4%) in comparison to only mineral‐fertilized plots (10.9%). Organic amendments increased the retention of applied fertilizer N. One process in this retention was found to be the recycling of N taken up by the crop. The relevance of immobilization, reduced N leaching, and gaseous losses as well as other potential processes for increasing N retention should be unraveled in future studies.  相似文献   

Phenolic composition in grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec) ripened with different solar UV-B radiation levels by capillary zone electrophoresis     

Berli F  D'Angelo J  Cavagnaro B  Bottini R  Wuilloud R  Silva MF 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):2892-2898

The responses of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec to different solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) levels were assessed in two contrasting situations, under sunlight with full UV-B (+UV-B) and filtered UV-B (-UV-B), in three different locations at 500, 1000, and 1500 m above sea level (asl). To evaluate the effects of radiation, a simple, accurate, and rapid method for the separation and simultaneous determination of representative phenolic compounds in grape berry skins by capillary zone electrophoresis was developed. Separation was carried out in less than 20 min with 20 mM sodium tetraborate buffer containing 30% methanol, pH 9.00. The procedure is fast and reliable, and extracted grape berry skins can be directly analyzed without prior sample cleanup procedure. Berry skins from the +UV-B treatment at 1500 m asl showed the highest levels of total polyphenols anthocyanins, and resveratrol, compared with the -UV-B treatment at this altitude.  相似文献   

Exposure assessment of prepubertal children to steroid endocrine disruptors. 2. Determination of steroid hormones in milk, egg, and meat samples     

Courant F  Antignac JP  Laille J  Monteau F  Andre F  Le Bizec B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3176-3184

In the present study, the occurrence of the main sex steroid hormones in milk, egg, and meat was evaluated on the basis of a highly specific gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measurement method. Globally, the results indicated that targeted estrogens and androgens occurred at similar levels (concentration levels in the 10-100 ng kg (-1) range) in the analyzed muscle and milk samples. The same compounds occurred at about 10-fold higher concentrations (i.e., in the 100-1000 ng kg (-1) range) in eggs and kidney samples. More precisely, egg and milk appeared as a non-negligible sources of estradiol (i.e., 2.2 +/- 0.8 and 3.1 +/- 2.0 ng day (-1), respectively), whereas testosterone exposure is caused by ingestion of meat and/or egg (i.e., 12.2 +/- 48.2 and 5.2 +/- 2.3 ng day (-1), respectively). The provided exposure data will be further exploited in the scope of a risk assessment study regarding endocrine disruption associated with these molecules.  相似文献   

Plasma lactate and purine derivatives accumulation after exercise of increasing intensity in standardbred horses     

Bruno Stefano  Tabellini Franco  Rolando Oberosler 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1999,19(7):463

The aim of the experiment was to study the relationship between plasma lactate and allantoin accumulation in horses undergoing five exercises differing in intensity and length. Twenty-five adult trotter horses were used (18 males, two castrated, and five females), housed in three training centers. The horses were assigned to five groups: slow trot, over 2000 m (Group 1); slow trot over 1600 m (Group 2); fast trot over 1600 m (Group 3); fast trot over 2000 m (Group 4); fast trot over 2400 m (Group 5). Plasma was obtained from blood sampled at rest, at the end of the bout of exercise and after 15 and 45 minutes from the end of the bout of exercise and analyzed for glucose, lactate, uric acid, free fatty acids (FFA) and allantoin concentrations. Accumulations of plasma lactate and allantoin (mmol/sec) were calculated as difference between end of exercise and rest and between 45 minutes sample and rest, respectively.Ranking the intensity of exercise using the lactate concentrations at the end of exercise, the level of exertion was highest for Group 3 horses and lowest for Group 5 horses (20.9 and 2.8 mmol/l, respectively). At the end of exercise, glucose concentrations were much higher for horses undertaking the more intensive exercise (Groups 3 and 4 compared to Group 2). FFA concentrations were highest at the end of exercise for Groups 2 and 3 and after 15 minutes for Groups 4 and 5. Plasma uric acid and allantoin concentrations peaked 15 and 45 minutes from the end of exercise, respectively, independently of exercise intensity. The relationship between accumulation of plasma allantoin (y, dependent variables) and lactate (x, independent variable) was non-linear: y=0.15−2.61^*x+68.3^*x² (r²=0.900; se=0.19). This suggests that allantoin accumulation could be used together with plasma lactate to calibrate the workload to muscle conditions to prevent muscle injury.  相似文献   

Irrigation of paddy soil with industrial landfill leachate: impacts in rice productivity,plant nutrition,and chemical characteristics of soil     

Filipe?Selau?CarlosEmail author  Bruno?Loss?dos?Santos  Robson?Andreazza  Marino?José?Tedesco  Lawrence?Morris  Flávio?Anastácio?de?Oliveira Camargo 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(1):133-144

Treated industrial effluents have high levels of nutrients and dissolved organic matter. The irrigation of rice by flooding can increase nutrient uptake and grain yield. Therefore, this study evaluated the nutrient contents in the shoots and grain of the rice crop and also the chemical of the soil after irrigation of the crop with leachate of the treated industrial effluent. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using pots filled with 20 kg of soil in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of control (irrigation with distilled water) and four concentrations of the leachate (25, 50, 75, and 100 %) for irrigation. At the end of the experiment, the nutrient contents in tissues of rice plants, sterility of spikelets, and grain mass were evaluated. Results showed that irrigation with the leachate at 25 % content increased the macro- and micronutrients’ concentrations in the shoot biomass and grain, except for potassium and iron. Irrigation with the industrial leachate decreased tillering and grain yield; however, it increased chlorophyll content, sterility of spikelets, and sodium intake at this leachate concentration. The potassium and sodium levels and the electrical conductivity values of soils irrigated with treated industrial leachate were increased. The use of the treated leachate from industrial effluents is an alternative that reuses the nutritional load, but the volume of leachate should be limited and monitored to prevent the sodicity in the soil and problemsdue to eutrophication.  相似文献   

Effects of different variable sets on the potential distribution of fish species in the Amazon Basin     

Facundo Alvarez  Pedro Gerhard  Daniel Paiva Silva  Bruno Spacek Godoy  Luciano Fogaça de Assis Montag 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2020,29(4):764-778

Estimating species’ potential distribution is one of the main objectives of macroecology, especially when sampling biases can affect knowledge on how environmental variables affect species distribution. Ecological niche models estimate species’ environmental niches from different variables and their occurrences. Using the presence-only data from eight Amazonian fish species, which inhabit rivers and streams, we aimed to (a) explore the effect of different sets variables on the spatial distributions of target species and (b) evaluate the predictive responses of MaxEnt to sets of variables with different degrees of complexity. MaxEnt has high flexibility in relation to the input data and its performance is influenced by a moderate number of adjustable parameters, allowing for high precision results when balancing underestimation and overestimation errors. We used environmental predictors in MaxEnt the principal components of climatic, topographic and edaphic variables as inputs. The combination of topographic and edaphic variables produced more precise and spatially restricted distribution ranges for all species when compared to those generated with climatic variables. All models reached high AUC values, especially for stream species. Modelled range sizes were broader for the river species, suggesting different tolerance thresholds and habitat preferences when compared to stream species. The complexity of the different variables sets did not affect MaxEnt's prediction capacity. However, for stream species, MaxEnt showed a greater predictive power. This work increases the knowledge with regards to the influence of different environmental predictors on the spatial patterns of the distribution of Amazonian fish.  相似文献   

Bioactive Compounds in Wild Asteraceae Edible Plants Consumed in the Mediterranean Diet     

Panfili  Gianfranco  Niro  Serena  Bufano  Annarita  D’Agostino  Annacristina  Fratianni  Alessandra  Paura  Bruno  Falasca  Luisa  Cinquanta  Luciano 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2020,75(4):540-546

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Three wild edible plant species belonging to the Asteraceae family, Crepis vesicaria L. (s.l.), Sonchus asper (L.) Hill s.l., and Sonchus oleraceus L., usually...  相似文献