Automated classification of wood transverse cross-section micro-imagery from 77 commercial Central-African timber species     

Núbia Rosa da Silva  Maaike De Ridder  Jan M. Baetens  Jan Van den Bulcke  Mélissa Rousseau  Odemir Martinez Bruno  Hans Beeckman  Joris Van Acker  Bernard De Baets 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(2):30

  相似文献   

Herbage and animal responses on continuously stocked ‘Ipyporã’ and ‘Mulato II’ brachiariagrasses     

Ana Paula da Silva Carvalho  Leandro F. Domiciano  Isadora G. N. Paraíso  Débora S. M. Silva  Luciano S. Cabral  Lynn E. Sollenberger  Dalton H. Pereira  Bruno C. Pedreira 《Grass and Forage Science》2023,78(1):137-146

New hybrid grass cultivars may enhance animal performance in forage-livestock systems if they possess traits that address edaphoclimatic challenges and pest susceptibility. The objective was to assess herbage accumulation, plant-part composition, nutritive value, and animal performance of ‘Ipyporã’ [Brachiaria ruziziensis Germ. & Evrard × B. brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf] and ‘Mulato II’ (B. ruziziensis × B. brizantha × B. decumbens Stapf) hybrids in the Brazilian Amazon biome. From May 2016 to May 2018, pastures were maintained under continuous stocking with variable stocking rates to maintain canopy height at 30-cm. Herbage accumulation (HA) was greater in Mulato II (17,370 kg dry matter [DM] ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) than Ipyporã pastures (14,930 kg DM ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) across the years. In Year 1, Mulato II had greater stocking rate (1685 vs. 1215 kg body weight [BW] ha⁻¹) and greater gain ha⁻¹ (1130 vs. 850 kg) than Ipyporã. However, in Year 2, both cultivars had similar plant and animal responses. The Year 1 ADG was similar among cultivars or seasons but in Year 2, rainy seasons had 21 and 77% greater ADG than dry seasons for Mulato II and Ipyporã, respectively. Both cultivars can contribute to the diversification of pasture-based livestock systems in humid tropical regions. Mulato II presented superior performance when soil moisture and fertility were not limiting (i.e., Year 1). However, both cultivars provide similar plant and animal responses in Year 2, offering viable alternatives for the diversification of pasture-based livestock systems in the Amazon Biome.  相似文献   

Lymphoma in farmed rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum): a case study     

D. W. Bruno  D. A. Smail 《Journal of fish diseases》1998,21(5):381-386

  相似文献   

Early development of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (Pisces:Heptapteridae) from the São Francisco River Basin, Brazil     

Marcelo Pimenta de Amorim  Bruno Vilaça Campos Gomes  Yuri Simões Martins  Yoshimi Sato  Elizete Rizzo  & Nilo Bazzoli 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(2):172-180

The silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen , is endemic to North, Central and South America with high aquaculture potential and wide acceptance in the market. Breeder fish were subjected to induced reproduction through hypophysation using a crude common carp pituitary extract. Egg characteristics, oocyte surface ultrastructure and histology of larval ontogenesis until whole yolk resorption were described for the first time for this species. Oocytes and semen were obtained by manual extrusion, and fertilization was conducted using the dry method. After fertilization, eggs were kept in incubators at 24 °C. The embryonic development was monitored using a stereomicroscope every 10 min until hatching. To analyse the larval development, larvae samples were collected from incubators daily until the fifth day, fixed in Bouin's fluid and subjected to routine histological techniques. The oocyte extrusion occurred 8 h after the second hormone dose at 26 °C. The oocytes were spherical, non-adhesive and yellow, with a diameter of 1471.75±47.63 μm. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a thin jelly coat covering the zona radiata in the animal pole around the micropyle. The blastopore closure occurred within 8 h after fertilization, and the fertilization rate was 79.9±5.2% at 24 °C. Embryonic development was completed within 25 h 30 min after fertilization. The complete resorption of the yolk and the formation of the digestive system organs and the mouth opening occurred on the fifth day, indicating a need for exogenous feeding. The results of this study provide information important for improvement in R. quelen culture and management.  相似文献   

Natural and anthropogenic drivers of foraging behaviour in bottlenose dolphins: Influence of shellfish aquaculture     

Sverine Methion  Bruno Díaz Lpez 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(6):927-937

Effects of rice bran protein concentrate on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)     

Bruno Bianch Loureiro  Fernanda Rodrigues Goulart  Fernanda Teixeira Macagnan  Sharine Nunes Descovi  Naglezi de Menezes Lovatto  Thais Soares dos Santos  Marina Osmari Dalcin  Leila Picolli da Silva 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(5):1115-1123

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing inclusion levels (100, 150, 200 and 300 g/kg) of rice bran protein concentrate (RBPC) in jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) diets using growth, body composition, somatic indices and digestive enzyme activity as parameters. Five isoproteic (370.08 ± 0.04 g/kg) and isocaloric (13.38 ± 0.04 MJ/kg) diets were formulated with four replicates per treatment. After acclimation, 500 jundiá juveniles (initial mean weight of 6.28 ± 0.12 g) were distributed into 20 round polyethylene tanks (280 L) (25 fish per tank) coupled to a thermoregulated water recirculating system. The fish were fed experimental diets three times daily (at 9:00, 13:00 and 17:00 hr) to apparent satiation. At the end of the trial (45 days), no significant differences were found in the body chemical composition, somatic indices, and trypsin and chymotrypsin enzymes of the fish fed experimental diets. A lower final weight and a lower condition factor were found in fish fed diets RBPC10 (100 g/kg of RBPC) and RBPC15 (150 g/kg of RBPC). Based on the results of this study, it is clear that the use of RBPC (at high dietary inclusion levels of 200 and 300 g kg^?1) is an effective alternative protein source to fishmeal.  相似文献   

Wheat germ as an alternative ingredient to a fair average quality fishmeal in diets for European seabass     

Bruno Reis  Alexandra Marques  Inês Campos  Ema Dias  Luisa M. P. Valente 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):932-945

Wheat germ (WG) is a by‐product of the flour milling industry and could be a sustainable ingredient to replace a fair average quality fishmeal (FM) in aquafeeds. Subsequently, three diets were tested in European seabass juveniles (IBW: 16.7 ± 2.8 g): control diet without WG (CTRL); two diets with 75 g/kg and 155 g/kg WG (WG8 and WG16, respectively) at the expense of FM. Diets were isoproteic (500 g/kg dry matter, DM) and isoenergetic (21 MJ/kg, DM). After 18 weeks of feeding, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) were determined and growth performance evaluated. Intestine and muscle were collected for histology and fatty acid profile, respectively. Innate immune parameters were evaluated in plasma. DM, protein and phosphorous ADCs increased concomitantly with the inclusion of WG; WG16 reached significantly higher values (p < 0.05) than CTRL. Feed conversion ratio was lower in fish fed WG16 than in those fed CTRL (1.5 vs. 1.6), while protein efficiency ratio increased with WG inclusion (1.4 vs. 1.2). Results demonstrate WG's potential to partially replace a fair average quality FM in diets for European seabass juveniles without impairing growth and body composition. WG inclusion at 16% (WG16) improved protein ADC and feed utilization, resulting in the lowest economic efficiency ratio, ECR (€/kg fish).  相似文献   

Evaluation of dried macrophytes as an alternative diet for the rearing of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)     

Marta Castilla‐Gaviln  Bruno Cognie  Emilie Ragueneau  Vincent Turpin  Priscilla Decottignies 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1762-1769

The aim of this work was to assess the potential use of different dried macroalgae as food in the rearing of Paracentrotus lividus. Growth, consumption and food conversions were compared in adult sea urchins fed with fresh or dried thalli of four macroalgae species. Six experimental diets were tested: (a) fresh Palmaria palmata; (b) fresh Saccharina latissima; (c) dry P. palmata; (d) dry S. latissima; (e) dry Laminaria digitata and (f) dry Grateloupia turuturu. Linear growth rates were similar for all treatments. Specific growth rate was higher in sea urchins fed with fresh P. palmata, but no difference was found between animals fed with fresh S. latissima and those fed with dried diets. Regarding daily food consumption (DFC), sea urchins consumed the same amount of dried macroalgae as fresh but exhibited a higher food conversion efficiency (FCE) when fed with fresh P. palmata. However, this FCE was only significantly higher when compared to sea urchins fed with dry L. digitata. Dried G. turuturu is not a suitable diet due to its rapid degradation after rehydration. The results suggest that P. lividus adults can be reared on dried macroalgae thalli without detriment to their somatic growth, especially over short periods. The low cost of feeding sea urchins with this diet could help small shellfish farmers to diversify their production into echinoculture.  相似文献   

Short‐term sequestration of slurry‐derived carbon and nitrogen in temperate grassland soil as assessed by 13C and 15N natural abundance measurements     

Bruno Glaser  Roland Bol  Neil Preedy  Kevin B. McTiernan  Matt Clark  Wulf Amelung 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2001,164(5):467-474

Land application of animal wastes from intensive grassland farming has caused growing environmental problems during the last decade. This study aimed to elucidate the short‐term sequestration of slurry‐derived C and N in a temperate grassland soil (Southwest England) using natural abundance ¹³C and ¹⁵N stable isotope techniques. Slurry was collected from cows fed either on perennial ryegrass (C3) or maize (C4) silages. 50 m³ ha^—1 of each of the obtained C3 or C4 slurries (δ¹³C = —30.7 and —21.3‰, δ¹⁵N = +12.2 and + 13.8 ‰, respectively) were applied to a C₃ soil with δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values of —30.0 ± 0.2‰ and + 4.9 ± 0.3‰, respectively. Triplicate soil samples were taken from 0—2, 2—7.5, and 7.5—15 cm soil depth 90 and 10 days before, at 2 and 12 h, as well as at 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after slurry application and analyzed for total C, N, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁵N. No significant differences in soil C and N content were observed following slurry application using conventional C and N analysis techniques. However, natural abundance ¹³C and ¹⁵N isotope analysis allowed for a sensitive temporal quantification of the slurry‐derived C and N sequestration in the grassland soil. Our results showed that within 12 hours more than one‐third of the applied slurry C was found in the uppermost soil layer (0—2 cm), decreasing to 18% after 2 days, but subsequently increasing to 36% after 2 weeks. The tentative estimate of slurry‐derived N in the soil suggested a decrease from 50% 2 hours after slurry application to only 26% after 2 weeks, assuming that the increase in δ¹⁵N of the slurry plots compared to the control is proportional to the amount of slurry‐incorporated N. We conclude that the natural abundance tracer technique can provide a rapid new clue to the fate of slurry in agricultural C and N budgets, which is important for environmental impacts, farm waste management, and climate change studies.  相似文献   

Detection of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean cryptic species on soybean in São Paulo and Paraná States (Brazil) and interaction of cowpea mild mottle virus with whiteflies     

Vinicius Henrique Bello  Felipe Barreto da Silva  Luís Fernando Maranho Watanabe  Eduardo Vicentin  Cristiane Muller  Regiane Cristina Oliveira de Freitas Bueno  Jessica Costa Santos  Bruno Rossitto De Marchi  Angélica Maria Nogueira  Valdir Atsushi Yuki  Julio Massaharu Marubayashi  Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori  Marcelo Agenor Pavan  Murad Ghanim  Renate Krause-Sakate 《Plant pathology》2021,70(6):1508-1520

Since the detection of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species in Brazil in the early 1990s, this whitefly has been the predominant species and the main viral vector in the country. In this work, whiteflies were collected from commercial soybean fields near and far from greenhouses where Mediterranean (MED) species had previously been detected infesting vegetable crops. Results indicated that MEAM1 was the predominant whitefly species in soybean in most sampling sites, while MED was found colonizing soybean plants in open field conditions alone and/or with MEAM1 in several places. Among the tested insects, MED species was mostly detected harbouring the facultative endosymbiont Hamiltonella. We also detected cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) infecting soybean plants. Transmission assays demonstrated that MED species was more efficient transmitting CPMMV from beans to beans and from soybean to soybean plants than MEAM1, while MEAM1 was more efficient in transmitting the virus from soybean to bean than MED. Performance assays indicated that adult emergence of both species on CPMMV-infected soybean plants was higher when compared with the emergence on healthy plants. Moreover, nonviruliferous MED and MEAM1 adults preferred to settle more often on healthy plants, while viruliferous adults settled more often on CPMMV-infected soybean plants. As MED has already been found in soybean open fields in São Paulo and Paraná States, Brazil, and it is a good vector of CPMMV, we anticipate problems related to whitefly management and to increase in the incidence of the virus in soybean.  相似文献