The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells     

Elphick GF  Querbes W  Jordan JA  Gee GV  Eash S  Manley K  Dugan A  Stanifer M  Bhatnagar A  Kroeze WK  Roth BL  Atwood WJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5700):1380-1383

The human polyomavirus, JCV, causes the fatal demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in immunocompromised patients. We found that the serotonergic receptor 5HT2AR could act as the cellular receptor for JCV on human glial cells. The 5HT2A receptor antagonists inhibited JCV infection, and monoclonal antibodies directed at 5HT2A receptors blocked infection of glial cells by JCV, but not by SV40. Transfection of 5HT2A receptor-negative HeLa cells with a 5HT2A receptor rescued virus infection, and this infection was blocked by antibody to the 5HT2A receptor. A tagged 5HT2A receptor colocalized with labeled JCV in an endosomal compartment following internalization. Serotonin receptor antagonists may thus be useful in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.  相似文献   

National Environmental Policy Act at 35     

Bronstein DA  Baer D  Bryan H  DiMento JF  Narayan S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5710):674

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Genetic Resources (Including Wild and Cultivated Solanum Species) and Progress in their Utilisation in Potato Breeding     

J. E. Bradshaw  G. J. Bryan  G. Ramsay 《Potato Research》2006,49(1):49-65

The genetic resources available for the improvement of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) are reviewed along with progress in their utilisation. The conclusions are as follows. The wild and cultivated species of potato have been utilised in potato breeding to good effect, but only a very small sample of the available biodiversity has been exploited. New knowledge and technology will open possibilities for much greater use of these genetic resources in breeding. The strategy for utilising the cultivars native to Latin America will either be the introgression of desirable genes or the direct use of parents from improved populations, depending on how far modern S. tuberosum cultivars have genetically diverged from them and the extent to which S. tuberosum cultivars have been improved in the process. Molecular marker-assisted selection will be used for faster introgression of desirable genes from wild species, and the possibility exists of moving genes directly from wild species to cultivated potato with transgenic methods. New cultivars will continue to come from crosses between pairs of parents with complementary features but adapted to local growing conditions. However, increasingly these parents will possess desirable genes which have been introgressed from wild species and may also be from complementary groups of cultivated germplasm to exploit hybrid vigour. Successful cultivars may be genetically modified, if consumers see benefits in the use of the technology, to introduce genes not present in cultivated potatoes and their wild relatives to achieve novel biochemistry and further desirable improvements.  相似文献   

Effects of ketamine, diazepam, and their combination on intraocular pressures in clinically normal dogs     

Hofmeister EH  Mosunic CB  Torres BT  Ralph AG  Moore PA  Read MR 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(7):1136-1139

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ketamine, diazepam, and the combination of ketamine and diazepam on intraocular pressures (IOPs) in clinically normal dogs in which premedication was not administered. ANIMALS: 50 dogs. PROCEDURES: Dogs were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 groups. Dogs received ketamine alone (5 mg/kg [KET5] or 10 mg/kg [KET10], IV), ketamine (10 mg/kg) with diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, IV; KETVAL), diazepam alone (0.5 mg/kg, IV; VAL), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.1 mL/kg, IV; SAL). Intraocular pressures were measured immediately before and after injection and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after injection. RESULTS: IOP was increased over baseline values immediately after injection and at 5 and 10 minutes in the KET5 group and immediately after injection in the KETVAL group. Compared with the SAL group, the mean change in IOP was greater immediately after injection and at 5 and 10 minutes in the KET5 group. The mean IOP increased to 5.7, 3.2, 3.1, 0.8, and 0.8 mm Hg over mean baseline values in the KET5, KET10, KETVAL, SAL, and VAL groups, respectively. All dogs in the KET5 and most dogs in the KETVAL and KET10 groups had an overall increase in IOP over baseline values. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Compared with baseline values and values obtained from dogs in the SAL group, ketamine administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg, IV, caused a significant and clinically important increase in IOP in dogs in which premedication was not administered. Ketamine should not be used in dogs with corneal trauma or glaucoma or in those undergoing intraocular surgery.  相似文献   

Why academic drug discovery makes sense     

Kozikowski AP  Roth B  Tropsha A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5791):1235-1236

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Programmed death ligand 1 is expressed in canine B cell lymphoma and downregulated by MEK inhibitors          下载免费PDF全文

S. R. Kumar  D. Y. Kim  C. J. Henry  J. N. Bryan  K. L. Robinson  A. M. Eaton 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2017,15(4):1527-1536

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Nitrogen requirements for deficit-irrigated bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) fairways in South Florida     

Marco Schiavon  Travis W. Shaddox  Karen E. Williams  Sergio Gallo  P. Agustin Boeri  J. Bryan Unruh  Jason Kruse  Kevin Kenworthy 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2023,209(1):1-11

Several new bermudagrass cultivars are available and commonly used on golf course fairways. However, little is known about their cultural requirements or how these cultivars perform under lower inputs regimes. A 2-year study was conducted at University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, to assess performance of four hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon L. Pers. X Cynodon transvaalensis (Burtt-Davy)] cultivars (‘Latitude 36’, ‘Tifway 419’, ‘TifGrand’ and ‘TifTuf’), and 2 common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) cultivars (‘Bimini’ and ‘Celebration’) irrigated at either 50% or 80% reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) and fertilised at either 0, 146, 244, or 342 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Plots were evaluated monthly for turfgrass quality, dark green colour index (DGCI), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), and Chlorophyll Index, and seasonally for N tissue content. Plots watered at 80% ET_o enhanced bermudagrass quality compared to 50% ET_o, DGCI and NDVI only in two months out of 24. Latitude 36 and Celebration were the top-rated cultivars, and their quality was not affected by no N fertilisation. Conversely, TifGrand, TifTuf and Tifway that received no N fertilisation resulted in insufficient quality during the second year of the study. Insufficient quality may be linked to reduced N metabolization compared to the highest rated cultivars. Results show that new cultivars such as Latitude 36 and Bimini could be maintained at sufficient quality levels with reduced water and N inputs in South Florida.  相似文献   

Correlation Between Cooked Rice Texture and Rapid Visco Analyser Measurements     

Elaine T. Champagne  Karen L. Bett  Bryan T. Vinyard  Anna M. McClung  Franklin E. Barton  Karen Moldenhauer  Steve Linscombe  Kent McKenzie 《Cereal Chemistry》1999,76(5):764-771

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