Climate negotiations. Cancún delegates see the trees through a forest of hot air     

Kintisch E  Regalado A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6011):1597

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Soil fertility and GIS raster models for tropical agroforestry planning in economically depressed and contaminated Caribbean areas (coffee and kidney bean plantations)     

Stervins Alexis  Luis G. García-Montero  Ana J. Hernández  Antonio García-Abril  Jesús Pastor 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(3):381-391

In the jaragua-bahoruco-enriquillo biosphere reserve, located on the southern border between the Dominican Republic and Haiti, there are depressed rural areas with soils with high content in Cadmium and other heavy metals which originate naturally in the geological substrate. Data from 80 soils and an inventory of 76 plantations (coffee and kidney bean were used) to design a GIS (geographic information systems) tool which integrated statistical multivariate methods, soil parameters including heavy metal content into models of land planning, agricultural development, forests and protection of the health of the area’s inhabitants and the natural environment. This GIS tool is based on raster models of an open source, which use combination and reclassification operations based on the maps, geostatistical methods (Kriging), statistical analyses external to the GIS, and cartography of limiting and excluding particular factors for crops (including heavy metal soil content). The GIS tool developed discriminates extreme situations in sustainable agroforestry planning in contaminated rural areas of the Caribbean, Central America and other tropical regions.  相似文献   

Analysis of the subchondral microarchitecture of the distopalmar aspect of the third metacarpal bone in racing Thoroughbreds     

Rubio-Martínez LM  Cruz AM  Inglis D  Hurtig MB 《American journal of veterinary research》2010,71(10):1148-1153

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Proposed definitions and criteria for reporting time frame, outcome, and complications for clinical orthopedic studies in veterinary medicine     

Cook JL  Evans R  Conzemius MG  Lascelles BD  McIlwraith CW  Pozzi A  Clegg P  Innes J  Schulz K  Houlton J  Fortier L  Cross AR  Hayashi K  Kapatkin A  Brown DC  Stewart A 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(8):905-908

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Extraction of condensed tannins from grape pomace for use as wood adhesives     

Lan PingNicolas Brosse  Laurent ChruscielPaola Navarrete  Antonio Pizzi 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,33(1):253-257

The extraction of condensed tannins from grape pomace was examined using a mixture water-sodium hydroxide at 120 °C. The extracts were characterized by solution ¹³C NMR and have showed characteristic consistent with that of condensed tannins with dominant procyanidin units. The tannin fractions reactivity toward formaldehyde was studied by gel time analysis and thermomechanical analysis in bending. It has been demonstrated that the extracts obtained by using 10% of NaOH (w/w) displayed promising properties for adhesive applications.  相似文献   

Cloning and expression analysis of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) major lignin and cellulose biosynthesis gene sequences and polymer quantification during plant development     

Pasquale Chiaiese  Gianluca Ruotolo  Antonio Di MatteoAmalia De Santo Virzo  Anna De MarcoEdgardo Filippone 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):1072-1078

In order to apply state-of-the-art molecular breeding techniques in fibre crop it is necessary to have a good knowledge of major polymer biosynthesis gene sequences and their expression pattern. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to isolate sequences of the major genes for lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in a kenaf cultivar. CeSA, 4cl, c4h, cad, and ccr gene primers were designed according to their conservative regions; partial sequences of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis genes were obtained. One actin II gene sequence was also isolated from the kenaf genome as a housekeeping gene to be employed in qPCR analysis. Expression levels of genes c4h, cad and CeSA in bark and core from plants harvested at three different growth stages were evaluated. Using qPCR analyses it was found that the expression levels of the two biosynthesis lignin genes in bark tissues increased during plant growth, while a negative trend was recorded in core tissues. In both bark and core, the quantity of lignin was positively correlated to plant growth while cellulose content decreased.  相似文献   

Condensed tannins extraction from grape pomace: Characterization and utilization as wood adhesives for wood particleboard     

Lan Ping  Antonio PizziZhou Ding Guo  Nicolas Brosse 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(1):907-914

The extraction of condensed tannins from grape pomace was examined using water medium in the presence of NaOH, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃ eventually in the presence of Na₂SO₃. The tannin fractions reactivity towards formaldehyde was studied by gel time analysis and thermomechanical analysis in bending and it was demonstrated that despite of their lower phenolic contents, some of these extracts displayed promising properties for adhesive applications. A resin formulation in which the total content of tannin is 75% of the total resin solids content gave good results and was employed for the elaboration of the first grape pomace based-wood particleboard which passed relevant international standard specifications for interior-grade panels.  相似文献   

Diphasic sedimentation technique complemented by a statistical approach as a useful tool to the quantification and the determination of dynamics of eggs produced by adult monogenean parasitizing groupers,Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), in captivity          下载免费PDF全文

Mercedes Gracenea  Elena Cubero  Humbert Salvadó  Antonio Monleón 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(3):830-837

Monogenean parasites create problems in confined fish, such as at aquaculture and aquariums facilities. Strategic timing of antihelminthic treatments should be based on the dynamics of monogenean egg production which requires egg quantification, but there is no standardized analytical method. The WHO diphasic sedimentation method for helminth quantification of eggs was applied in samples with tetrahedral and fusiform monogenean eggs from six specimens of confined groupers (Epinephelus marginatus) (31 m³ sea water tank; water temperature 21.1–14.4°C; photoperiod 9:53–15 h light; November 2011 to June 2012). Helminth eggs remain in the pellet, while most organic matter was removed forming a cap. In contrast, monogenean eggs are distributed within both the pellet and cap. The diphasic sedimentation method is suitable to quantify tetrahedral and total egg number by counting those eggs in the pellet and incorporing water temperature data to obtain a statistically significant model expression (R² = 0.943; R² = 0.809), while this approach only weakly predicted fusiform egg numbers (R² = 0.297). Fusiform egg numbers declined along November–December, and increased in February–March, until June. Tetrahedral eggs decreased in November–December, but did not increase until March. The trend of egg populations and best time for antihelminthic treatment application can be set by WHO technique with the statistical approach proposed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Sausages Made with Washed and Unwashed Mince from Nile Tilapia By-products     

Paulo Roberto Campagnoli de Oliveira Filho  Elisabete Maria Macedo Viegas  Eliana Setsuko Kamimura  Marco Antonio Trindade 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(3):222-237

This study evaluates the effects of inclusion level (60 to 100%) and washing cycles (0 to 2) of minced fish from Nile tilapia fillet by-products on proximate composition, mineral contents, color, hardness, and sensory acceptance of sausages. A complete 2² factorial experimental design was used. Regression models for protein, fat, moisture, minerals, color, and hardness were developed. The optimum combinations for the independent variables are sausages made with 100% non-washed minced fish, which represents a better use of by-products without generating washing residues, leading to less expensive sausage with higher nutritional value.  相似文献   

Abundance and genetic diversity of the red crab Pleuroncodes planipes along the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico     

Juan Antonio De Anda-Montañez  Ricardo Perez-Enriquez  Susana Martínez-Aguilar  Fidencio Hernández-Martínez  Francisco Javier García-Rodríguez  Alberto Amador-Buenrostro 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(1):21-32

This study reports the distribution, estimated abundance and biomass, and genetic population structure of the red crab Pleuroncodes planipes along the western coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Using a hybrid conical net for fish and crustaceans, bottom trawls with stratified depth were performed at transect sites perpendicular to the coast. Red crab was observed to distribute widely in the study area, particularly in upwelling areas such as Bahia Magdalena and its surroundings, and the greatest catches were recorded at depths between 51 and 100 m, and between 201 and 300 m, with values of 2,297 and 3,223 kg/h of trawl, respectively. The population genetic analysis using mitochondrial DNA sequencing revealed no significant population differentiation. The total estimated biomass was 611,525 metric tons, supporting the proposal that the red crab is a viable exploitation resource in the study area.  相似文献