Dietary β‐carotene improves growth performance and antioxidant status of juvenile Piaractus mesopotamicus     

Carla Bacchetta  Andrea S. Rossi  Raúl E. Cian  Silvina R. Drago  Jimena Cazenave 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(4):761-769

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary synthetic β‐carotene on growth performance, haematological and immunological parameters, energy reserves and antioxidant status of juvenile fish Piaractus mesopotamicus. Two hundred and ten fish (12.24 ± 2.98 g) were fed with a control extruded feed (CEF) and the same diet supplemented with β‐carotene (BEF) for 90 days. A higher weight gain and specific growth rate were found in fish fed BEF in comparison with those fed CEF. In addition, BEF‐fed fish showed lower liver somatic index and a higher percentage of eosinophils. No statistical differences were found in energy reserves, except for plasma triglycerides which decreased in fish fed with BEF. Regarding oxidative stress markers, decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes were found in intestine and gills of BEF‐fed fish (SOD and GST, respectively). In the liver, both LPO levels and CAT activity decreased in fish fed with BEF. Additionally, lower brain LPO levels without changes in the antioxidant enzymes were observed in BEF‐fed fish. The inclusion of dietary synthetic β‐carotene improved growth and antioxidant status, and had a plasma triglyceride‐lowering effect in juvenile P. mesopotamicus.  相似文献   

Physicochemical property guidelines for modern agrochemicals          下载免费PDF全文

Yu Zhang  Beth A Lorsbach  Scott Castetter  William T Lambert  Jeremy Kister  Nick X Wang  Carla J R Klittich  Joshua Roth  Thomas C Sparks  Mike R Loso 《Pest management science》2018,74(9):1979-1991

The relentless need for the discovery and development of new agrochemicals continues as a result of driving forces such as loss of existing products through the development of resistance, the necessity for products with more favorable environmental and toxicological profiles, shifting pest spectra, and the changing agricultural needs and practices of the farming community. These new challenges underscore the demand for novel, high‐quality starting points to accelerate the discovery of new agrochemicals that address market challenges. This article discusses the efforts to identify the optimum ranges of physicochemical properties of agrochemicals through analysis of modern commercial products. Specifically, we reviewed literature studies examining physicochemical property effects and analyzed the properties typical of successful fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides (chewing and sap‐feeding pests). From the analysis, a new set of physicochemical property guidelines for each discipline, as well as building block class, are proposed. These new guidelines should significantly aid in the discovery of next‐generation agrochemicals. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Effects of Agave fructans (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Agave tequilana</Emphasis> Weber var. azul) on Body Fat and Serum Lipids in Obesity     

Eduardo Padilla-Camberos  Carla P. Barragán-Álvarez  Nestor E. Diaz-Martinez  Vineet Rathod  José Miguel Flores-Fernández 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(1):34-39

Obesity affects millions of people worldwide, constituting a public health problem associated with premature mortality. Agave fructans decrease fat mass, body and liver weight, and generate satiety in rodents. In the present study the effects of agave fructans on weight control, lipid profile, and physical tolerability were evaluated in obese people. Twenty-eight obese volunteers were randomly divided into two groups. In the first group, 96 mg/bw of agave fructans was administered for 12 weeks; in the second group, maltodextrin as a placebo was administered for 12 weeks. All participants consumed a low-calorie diet of 1500 kcal/day. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. The body mass index (BMI) of the agave fructans treated group was reduced significantly from the baseline to the final measurements. Hip and waist circumferences decreased statistically in both groups. A decrease of 10% in total body fat was observed in the agave fructans treated group, resulting in a statistically significant difference in the final versus baseline measurements between the Agave fructans treated group and the placebo treated group. Triglycerides were reduced significantly in the agave fructans treated group. Glucose values did not change in either group. Agave fructans intake was safe and well tolerated throughout the study. The results showed that the ingestion of agave fructans enhanced the decrease in BMI, the decrease in total body fat, and the decrease in triglycerides in obese individuals who consume a low-calorie diet.  相似文献   

Intraguild predation of Geocoris punctipes on Eretmocerus eremicus and its influence on the control of the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum          下载免费PDF全文

Lourdes Bao‐Fundora  Ricardo Ramirez‐Romero  Carla V Sánchez‐Hernández  José Sánchez‐Martínez  Nicolas Desneux 《Pest management science》2016,72(6):1110-1116

  相似文献   

Controlling Dactylopius opuntiae with Fusarium incarnatum–equiseti species complex and extracts of Ricinus communis and Poincianella pyramidalis     

Ana Carla da Silva Santos  Rafael Leão Soares Oliveira  Antonio Félix da Costa  Patricia Vieira Tiago  Neiva Tinti de Oliveira 《Journal of pest science》2016,89(2):539-547

  相似文献   

Root-lesion and root-knot nematodes parasitizing potato     

Ivânia Esteves  Carla Maleita  Isabel Abrantes 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,141(2):397-406

  相似文献   

Striking genetic similarity between races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris confirms a monophyletic origin and clonal evolution of the chickpea vascular wilt pathogen     

Jill E. Demers  Carla D. Garzón  María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(2):303-318

  相似文献   

Genotype and Environment Affect Phytosterol Content and Composition of Wheat     

Yongfen Chen  Nurhan T. Dunford  Jeff Edwards  Brett Carver  Carla Goad 《Cereal Chemistry》2009,86(1):96-99

Phytosterols (PS) lower low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels by as much as 10–14% in normal and hypercholesteromic people. High LDL levels in the blood are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Wheat germ and bran contain significant amounts of PS. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype and environment on PS content and composition in whole wheat grain. Protein and ash contents and mineral composition of the samples were also determined. Grain samples were collected from three cultivars, Jagger, Trego, and Intrada, grown at three locations, Alva, Balko, and Goodwell, OK in 2005. Irrigated and dryland samples were obtained from Goodwell. Total PS content and composition in the grain samples were determined using a gas chromatography system. Whole wheat grain samples varied in PS content from 202 mg/kg to 355 mg/kg. β‐Sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol were the major PS compounds found in all the samples. PS exhibited a significant location‐by‐cultivar random effect (P < 0.048), indicating the presence of genotype‐by‐location interaction. Within each location, a significant cultivar effect was also observed. Protein and ash contents and mineral composition of the samples, except those collected from Goodwell‐dryland, were within the range published in the literature for other wheat cultivars. A fundamental understanding of compositional variation in wheat grain requires multi‐environment testing of genotypes, perhaps over several years. This study is a first step for achieving this goal.  相似文献   

Isolation of Canine Mammary Cells With Stem Cell Properties and Tumour-Initiating Potential     

C Cocola  P Anastasi  S Astigiano  E Piscitelli  P Pelucchi  L Vilardo  G Bertoli  M Beccaglia  MC Veronesi  S Sanzone  O. Barbieri  RA Reinbold  GC Luvoni  I Zucchi 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2009,44(S2):214-217

Recent data suggest that mammary carcinogenesis may be driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from mutated adult stem cells, which have acquired aberrant cell self-renewal or by progenitor cells that have acquired the capacity for cell self-renewal. Spontaneous mammary cancers in cats and dogs are important models for the understanding of human breast cancer and may represent alternative species model systems that can significantly contribute to the study of human oncogenesis. With the goal of identifying markers for isolating human breast CSCs, we have generated a canine model system to isolate and characterize normal and CSCs from dog mammary gland. Insight into the hierarchical organization of canine tumours may contribute to the development of universal concepts in oncogenesis by CSCs. Cells with stem cell properties were isolated from normal and tumoural canine breast tissue and propagated as mammospheres and tumourspheres in long-term non-adherent culture conditions. We showed that cells obtained from spheres that display self-renewing properties, have multi-lineage differentiation potential, could generate complex branched tubular structures in vitro and form tumours in NOD/SCID mice. We analysed these cells for the expression of human stem and CSC markers and are currently investigating the tumour-initiating properties of these cells and the hierarchical organization of normal and neoplastic canine mammary tissue.  相似文献   

Harvesting vineyard pruning residues for energy use     

Raffaele Spinelli  Natascia Magagnotti  Carla Nati 《Biosystems Engineering》2010,105(3):316-322

  相似文献