Comparative study of the characteristics of the carcass and the meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian pig, reared indoors   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Miguel GALIÁN  Begoña PEINADO  Carmen MARTÍNEZ  María J. PERIAGO  Gaspar ROS  Angel POTO 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(6):659-667

The Chato Murciano pig is a breed catalogued as a Special Protection breed in danger of extinction. At present it is commonly reared in an intensive system. We have studied the mineral composition and other characteristics of its carcass and meat. Samples from the Musculus longissimus lumborum were taken from a total number of 43 animals, divided into two groups, Chato Murciano and Chato Murciano crossed with Iberian, reared in a conventional indoor system. The resulting meat of the Chato Murciano pig and its cross with Iberian was especially rich in iron and copper, rich in phosphorus, and marginally poor in calcium and sodium. The evolution of the pH of the carcass was that of pigs which do not produce PSE (pale, soft and exudative) meat. Some relevant positive correlation coefficients between minerals (P ≤ 0.05) have been found.  相似文献   

The socioeconomics and management of Santiago de Chile''s public urban forests   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Francisco J. Escobedo  David J. Nowak  John E. Wagner  Carmen Luz De la Maza  Manuel Rodríguez  Daniel E. Crane  Jaime Hernndez 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2006,4(3-4):105-114

Santiago, Chile's semi-arid climate and urbanized environment poses a severe limitation for the establishment and maintenance of urban forests. Municipalities, or comunas, are the main stakeholders in the management of Santiago's public urban forests. A tenable hypothesis would be that as the socioeconomic level of a comuna increases, the better the condition of a comuna's urban forest. Unfortunately, there is little comprehensive information on management, public expenditure, and structure of Santiago's public and private urban forests. To examine this hypothesis, Santiago was divided into socioeconomic strata, then using air photo interpretation and stratified field sampling, urban forest structures were quantified by socioeconomic strata. In addition, interview surveys were used to determine municipal urban forest management and expenditures for different public urban forests based on socioeconomic strata. Urban forests in the high socioeconomic strata had fewer public trees, greater tree cover, tree and leaf area density, and leaf area index than lower socioeconomic strata. The percentage of total municipal budget allocated to public urban forest management was consistent among strata, but the total public urban forest budgets were greater in the high socioeconomic strata. Public urban forest structure is related to the socioeconomic strata of Santiago's different comunas.  相似文献   

Artenspektrum und Befallshäufigkeit von Fusarium spp. in Bt- und konventionellem Mais im Maiszünsler-Befallsgebiet Oderbruch     

Matthias Saß  Markus Schorling  Monika Goßmann  Carmen Büttner 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2007,59(3):119-125

The European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) is one of the most important pests of maize (Zea mays). Injuries to the plants caused by the larvae of the European corn borer may represent entrance gates for fungal-spores. The cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis maize (Bt-maize) is one possibility to reduce infestation by the European corn borer. The aim of the present project was to determine and to compare the number of species and the frequency of Fusarium spp. infestation in Bt-maize (cry1Ab) and conventional maize. In 2003, we analysed the Fusarium spp. infestation of samples of chaffed Bt-maize and its isogenic variety on two experimental fields in the Oderbruch region (Germany), an European corn borer infested area. The conventional variety on the first of the experimental fields (previous crop wheat and forking cultivation) showed a small infestation (16%) of Ostrinia nubilalis while in the conventional variety on the second field (previous crop maize and not forking cultivation) the infestation of the European corn borer was almost three times higher (47%). In the conventional variety on both of the experimental fields we found a high Fusarium spp. infestation (70%). Especially species of the section Liseola dominates, among them: F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum und F. verticillioides. The Fusarium infestation in the samples of Bt-maize from the field with previous crop wheat and forking cultivation was just as high as in the conventional variety (70%). The infestation of Fusarium spp. in the samples of Bt-maize from the field with previous crop maize and forking cultivation was more than 20?% lower.  相似文献   

Assessment of real-time PCR as a method for determining the presence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Verticillium dahliae</Emphasis> in different Solanaceae cultivars     

Carmen Gayoso  Oscar Martínez de Ilárduya  Federico Pomar  Fuencisla Merino de Cáceres 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):199-209

Real-time PCR was used to detect and quantify Verticillium dahliae and to assess the susceptibility of four Capsicum annuum cultivars (Luesia, Padrón, SCM331 and PI201234) and the Capsicum chinense cv. C118 to this pathogen. The symptoms which developed after infection included stunting and yellowing, and were more acute in the cv. SCM331, which also suffered defoliation in later stages of the disease and in C118, which suffered severe stunting. Quantification of the pathogen DNA in roots 23 and 34 days post-inoculation (dpi) revealed that there were significantly higher amounts of Verticillium dahliae DNA in C118 than in the other cultivars, followed by SCM331, Padrón and PI201234. The lowest amounts of fungal DNA in roots were found in Luesia. In hypocotyls, the highest amounts of fungal DNA were found in SCM331, while Luesia, Padrón and PI201234 had much lower amounts, and C118 had intermediate levels. When a compatible versus an incompatible system was studied, using the near-isogenic tomato lines LA3030 (susceptible) and LA3038 (resistant to V. dahliae), we were able to detect fungal DNA in both lines. As expected, the fungus/plant DNA ratio was lower in LA3038 than in LA3030 and it decreased with time in LA3038. The amount of Verticillium dahliae DNA in the roots of LA3030 remained constant between days 23 and 34 post-inoculation, but increased 10-fold in collars. Finally, when real-time PCR was applied as a diagnostic method to samples from pepper plants, soil and water collected from farms in northwest Spain, we were able to detect V. dahliae DNA in these samples even when symptoms of the disease were not evident.  相似文献   

Influence of the stage of ripeness on phenolic metabolism and antioxidant activity in table grapes exposed to different CO₂ treatments     

Irene Romero  Carlos Fernandez Caballero  María T. Sanchez-Ballesta  María I. Escribano  Carmen Merodio   《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,54(2):118-121

We have analyzed the influence of the stage of ripeness on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene expression, accumulation of anthocyanins and total phenolics, and on antioxidant activity in the skin of table grapes treated with 20% CO₂ + 20% O₂ + 60 % N₂ for 3 or 6 d at low temperature (0 °C). The residual effect of high CO₂ treatment after transfer to air was also studied. In early harvested grapes, neither the anthocyanin content nor the accumulation of VcPAL mRNA was affected by any of the CO₂ treatments applied. However, in late harvested grapes, the duration of high CO₂ treatment determined its effect and a 6 d treatment with CO₂ sustained higher levels of total phenolics and anthocyanin accumulation, and VcPAL expression than observed in untreated late harvested grapes. The increased antioxidant capacity was correlated with the total amount of phenolics and anthocyanins. Conversely, in grapes treated for 3 d with CO₂ the phenylpropanoid pathway did not appear to be induced and a relationship between antioxidant activity and anthocyanins was not observed. Thus, further studies are needed to identify the most important antioxidants in these treated fruit.  相似文献   

Management effects on carbon stocks and fluxes across the Orinoco savannas     

Jose J. San Jos  Rubn A. Montes 《Forest Ecology and Management》2001,150(3):293-311

Across the physiognomic types of the Orinoco llanos, periodic inventories and changes in land-use between 1982–1992 are estimated. Results indicate that the area under pastures and forest plantations is increased by 0.005337×10⁶ km², whilts reducing the area of croplands by 0.000119×10⁶ km². This is a net increase of 0.005218×10⁶ km². The gross carbon release is 174.66 Tg C per year to the atmosphere and transferring from cultivated and native vegetation to wood products (1.62 Tg C per year) and slash (1.18 Tg C per year). The processes of land preparation contribute 1.40 Tg C per year to the atmosphere. From the tree savannas, woodlands and forests 0.73 Tg C per year are estimated to have been transferred to the soil following clearance and burning over this period, and 1.05 Tg C per year from herbaceous savannas when were buried and decomposed at 0.84 Tg C per year. The estimate of carbon balance here by inventories and changes in land-use approach indicates that the Orinoco llanos is a sink of −17.53 Tg C per year. The carbon turnover time in the Orinoco system is 68 years, which provides a limited route for carbon sequestration. The calculated potential of the Orinoco llanos for storing carbon is 8300 Tg C. Ecological options to achieve this potential value are addressed. However, nutrient deficiency and seasonal water supply are serious drawbacks to take into account for increasing carbon accretion. These results are particular for the Orinoco llanos, even though described processes could be similar to world-wide savannas, where a gradient of carbon heterogeneity exists.  相似文献   

Ökotypen der Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica L.) zeigen unterschiedliche Reaktionen auf Trockenstreß     

Carmen Schraml  H Rennenberg 《European Journal of Forest Research》2002,121(2):59-72

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A set of primers for analyzing chloroplast DNA diversity in Citrus and related genera   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Cheng Y  de Vicente MC  Meng H  Guo W  Tao N  Deng X 《Tree physiology》2005,25(6):661-672

Chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers in Citrus were developed and used to analyze chloroplast diversity of Citrus and closely related genera. Fourteen cpSSR primer pairs from the chloroplast genomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Arabidopsis were found useful for analyzing the Citrus chloroplast genome (cpDNA) and recoded with the prefix SPCC (SSR Primers for Citrus Chloroplast). Eleven of the 14 primer pairs revealed some degree of polymorphism among 34 genotypes of Citrus, Fortunella, Poncirus and some of their hybrids, with polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.057 to 0.732, and 18 haplotypes were identified. The cpSSR data were analyzed with NTSYS-pc software, and the genetic relationships suggested by the unweighted pair group method based on arithmetic means (UPGMA) dendrogram were congruent with previous taxonomic investigations: the results showed that all samples fell into seven major clusters, i.e., Citrus medica L., Poncirus, Fortunella, C. ichangensis Blanco, C. reticulata Swingle, C. aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle and C. grandis (L.) Osbeck. The results of previous studies combined with our cpSSR analyses revealed that: (1) Calamondin (C. madurensis Swingle) is the result of hybridization between kumquat (Fortunella) and mandarin (C. reticulata), where kumquat acted as the female parent; (2) Ichang papeda (C. ichangensis) has a unique taxonomic status; and (3) although Bendiguangju mandarin (C. reticulata) and Satsuma mandarin (C. reticulata) are similar in fruit shape and leaf morphology, they have different maternal parents. Bendiguangju mandarin has the same cytoplasm as sweet orange (C. sinensis), whereas Satsuma mandarin has the cytoplasm of C. reticulata. Seventeen PCR products from SPCC1 and 21 from SPCC11 were cloned and sequenced. The results revealed that mononucleotide repeats as well as insertions and deletions of small segments of DNA were associated with SPCC1 polymorphism, whereas polymorphism generated by SPCC11 was essentially due to the variation in length of the mononucleotide repeats.  相似文献   

Effects of two calculolytic diets on parameters of feline mineral metabolism          下载免费PDF全文

C. Pineda  E. Aguilera‐Tejero  A. I. Raya  A. Montes de Oca  M. Rodriguez  I. Lopez 《The Journal of small animal practice》2015,56(8):499-504

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Is this the end? Dynamics of a relict stand from pervasively deforested ancient Iberian pine forests     

G. Gea-Izquierdo  F. Montes  R. G. Gavilán  I. Cañellas  A. Rubio 《European Journal of Forest Research》2015,134(3):525-536

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