Prevalence and risk factors for atrial fibrillation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease     

Carlo Guglielmini  Marlos Goncalves Sousa  Marco Baron Toaldo  Carlotta Valente  Vinicius Bentivoglio  Chiara Mazzoldi  Ilaria Bergamin  Michele Drigo  Helen Poser 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(6):2223-2231

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Sound features and vocal rhythms as a proxy for locating the spawning ground of Sciaena umbra in the wild     

Marta Picciulin  Riccardo Fiorin  Chiara Facca  Stefano Malavasi 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(7):1299-1312

• 1. The brown meagre (Sciaena umbra) is a demersal sciaenid fish recognized as indicative of good environmental quality and is defined as an umbrella species for the ecological community of rocky coastal habitats. Sciaena umbra is classified as a Vulnerable fish species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and knowledge on the distribution of its spawning habitats is essential for its conservation.
• 2. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a suitable tool to monitor S. umbra distribution because of the high consistency, over space and time, of the communication sounds that this species emits during the reproductive period, with irregular or regular rhythms, or with calls merging into a chorus.
• 3. During the summer of 2019, the presence of this species was investigated acoustically at 40 listening points distributed along the tidal inlets that connect the Venice lagoon with the open sea.
• 4. Longer sounds, comprising a higher number of faster repeated pulses, were found during the chorus and were used as a proxy of spawning activity; similar sound features have been recorded in different captive Sciaenids during spawning.
• 5. The three inlets were classified as more or less suitable for spawning on the basis of the vocal rhythms identified, demonstrating a clear preference along a north–south gradient and indicating higher spawning activity in the internal‐facing areas of the inlets, compared with the seaward‐facing areas. The chorus occurred in localized areas consistently throughout the breeding season, suggesting that spawning is concentrated in preferred areas.
• 6. For the first time a relationship between the sound features and vocal rhythms of fish has been highlighted by an in situ study. This validates the use of the chorus as a reliable natural indicator of S. umbra breeding sites, and in turn suggests a potential non‐invasive approach based on PAM for mapping the key reproductive areas of this vulnerable species in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Species‐specific distribution model may be not enough: The case study of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) habitat distribution in Pelagos Sanctuary     

Paolo Vassallo  Chiara Marini  Chiara Paoli  Michela Bellingeri  Frank Dhermain  Silvio Nuti  Sabina Airoldi  Patrizia Bonelli  Sophie laran  Marie C. Santoni  Guido Gnone 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(8):1689-1701

1. Geospatial models are used to predict the distribution of terrestrial and marine species, according to their ecological and ethological habits. The bottlenose dolphin is a cosmopolitan marine top predator, inhabiting most of the ocean, with the exception of polar and subpolar waters. This wide distribution is associated with a remarkable plasticity in ecological and behavioural habits, which makes it difficult to model and predict its distribution.
2. This study proposes a ‘multi‐type approach’ to predict the presence and distribution of the bottlenose dolphin in the Pelagos Sanctuary, a Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance located in the north‐west Mediterranean Sea. A multi‐type model based on random forest regression was developed, analysing the distribution habits of two geographical units living in the Pelagos area.
3. When compared with a classical single‐type model, the multi‐type model performed much better in a prediction test (true skill statistics, TSS = 85% vs. 52%), confirming the value of this experimental approach. This work suggests that wild species should not be considered as one single‐type entity, as local specialization may change and shape their distribution habits.

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The influence of thinning on rainfall interception by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus pinea</Emphasis> L. in Mediterranean coastal stands (Castel Fusano—Rome)     

Gianluigi Mazza  Emilio Amorini  Andrea Cutini  Maria Chiara Manetti 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(8):1323-1332

• Context  

This research was conducted in a 62-year-old stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) forest within the National Natural Reserve of the Roman Coast, Italy. Net under-canopy precipitation was measured between September 2004 and December 2008 in a unthinned and a thinned area of about 1 ha each.  相似文献   

α‐Amylase Inhibitors from Wheat Against Development and Toxigenic Potential of Fusarium verticillioides     

Gabriela R. Lemos Mendes  Chiara Leal Alves  Paola Lopes Cavalheiro  Cristiana Costa Bretanha  Fernanda Arnhold Pagnussatt  Eliana Badiale‐Furlong 《Cereal Chemistry》2015,92(6):611-616

Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most important pathogens in maize and is a producer of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁). Although reports of its presence in wheat are scarce, the susceptibility of this cereal to fungus of the same genus motivates interest in investigating compounds present in the grain with inhibitory activity against this species. The aim of this study was to extract α‐amylase inhibitors from wheat and apply them in vitro to evaluate its effect on the development and expression of toxigenic potential of F. verticillioides. The α‐amylase inhibitors, both crude (P₀) and purified (P₁), were applied to in vitro culture containing a pathogen mycelium disc. Mycelial growth of the pathogen, glucosamine content, α‐amylase activity, and production of FB₁ were investigated. All protein extracts of wheat showed the ability to inhibit pathogen growth, especially the extract P₀ from cultivar Quartzo, which resulted in a reduction of glucosamine content (66%) and α‐amylase activity (84%). Furthermore, the protein inhibitors showed antifumonisin effect, reducing by 33 and 47% the mycotoxin production when applied as P₀ and P₁, respectively. These results suggest that α‐amylase inhibitor contributed to resistance against pathogen attack, acting in a diversified manner for each fungal species.  相似文献   

Automated on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of ochratoxin A in wine and beer     

Bacaloni A  Cavaliere C  Faberi A  Pastorini E  Samperi R  Laganà A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(14):5518-5525

An automated on-line solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in alcoholic beverages. Mean recoveries for wine and beer were, respectively, 75 and 82%. Detection was achieved in negative ionization with a Q TRAP mass spectrometer operating in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode or enhanced product ion (EPI) mode, using the third quadrupole as linear ion trap. The MRM mode turned out to be more sensitive; the method allowed accurate determination of OTA in the range of 0.01-25 ng mL(-1) using external calibration. Within-day and between-day relative standard deviation percentages were <6.2 and <9.1%, respectively. In EPI mode, fragmentation spectra at the limit of quantification (0.03 ng mL(-1)) and good linearity could be obtained. Application of the method (MRM mode) to the analysis of several wine and beer samples purchased in local stores revealed OTA levels in the ranges of 0.03-1.44 ng mL(-1) for wines and 0.02-0.14 ng mL(-1) for beers.  相似文献   

Middle ear cholesteatoma in 11 dogs     

Greci V  Travetti O  Di Giancamillo M  Lombardo R  Giudice C  Banco B  Mortellaro CM 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(6):631-636

Middle ear cholesteatoma is a rare condition in dogs with chronic otitis. Otorrhea, otodinia, and pain on temporomandibular joint palpation are the most common clinical signs. Neurological abnormalities are often detectable. Computed tomography reveals the presence of an expansive and invasive unvascularized lesion involving the tympanic cavity and the bulla, with little or no contrast enhancement after administration of contrast mediu. Video-otoscopy may detect pearly growth or white/yellowish scales in the middle ear cavity. Surgery is the only therapy but is associated with a high risk of recurrence.  相似文献   

Novel H1N2 swine influenza reassortant strain in pigs derived from the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus     

Moreno A  Di Trani L  Faccini S  Vaccari G  Nigrelli D  Boniotti MB  Falcone E  Boni A  Chiapponi C  Sozzi E  Cordioli P 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):472-477

Swine influenza monitoring programs have been in place in Italy since the 1990 s and from 2009 testing for the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus (H1N1pdm) was also performed on all the swine samples positive for type A influenza. This paper reports the isolation and genomic characterization of a novel H1N2 swine influenza reassortant strain from pigs in Italy that was derived from the H1N1pdm virus. In May 2010, mild respiratory symptoms were observed in around 10% of the pigs raised on a fattening farm in Italy. Lung homogenate taken from one pig showing respiratory distress was tested for influenza type A and H1N1pdm by two real time RT-PCR assays. Virus isolation was achieved by inoculation of lung homogenate into specific pathogen free chicken embryonated eggs (SPF CEE) and applied onto Caco-2 cells and then the complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed from the CEE isolate. The lung homogenate proved to be positive for both influenza type A (gene M) and H1N1pdm real time RT-PCRs. Virus isolation (A/Sw/It/116114/2010) was obtained from both SPF CEE and Caco-2 cells. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the genes of A/Sw/It/116114/2010, with the exception of neuraminidase (NA), belonged to the H1N1pdm cluster. The NA was closely related to two H1N2 double reassortant swine influenza viruses (SIVs), previously isolated in Sweden and Italy. NA sequences for these three strains were clustering with H3N2 SIVs. The emergence of a novel reassortant H1N2 strain derived from H1N1pdm in swine in Italy raises further concerns about whether these viruses will become established in pigs. The new reassortant not only represents a pandemic (zoonotic) threat but also has unknown livestock implications for the European swine industry.  相似文献   

Chemical characterization of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil     

Fanali C  Dugo L  Cacciola F  Beccaria M  Grasso S  Dachà M  Dugo P  Mondello L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(24):13043-13049

A chemical characterization of the major components, namely, triacylglycerols (TAGs), polyphenols, and tocopherols in a Sacha inchi oil derived from cold pressing of the seed, is hereby reported. To tackle such a task, high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with photodiode array (PDA), fluorescence (RF), and mass spectrometry (MS) detection was employed. The latter was interfaced with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and with electrospray ionization for the analysis of TAGs and polyphenols, respectively, whereas RF detection was tested for the determination of tocopherol content. Furthermore, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were evaluated by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. A 93% amount of total fatty acids was represented by unsaturated FAMEs with the greatest percentage represented by linoleic (L) and linolenic (Ln) accounting for approximately 50 and 36%, respectively. The main TAGs (>10%) were represented by LLnL, LnLnLn, and LnLLn; the latter was present in the oil sample at the highest percentage (22.2%). Among tocopherols, γ-tocopherol was detected to be the most abundant component (over 50%). The polyphenolic composition was also investigated, and a total of 15 compounds were positively identified, through the complementary analytical information coming from PDA and MS data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing a thorough chemical characterization of a Plukenetia volubilis L. oil.  相似文献   

Relationship between the oil and sugar content in olive oil fruits from Moraiolo and Leccino cultivars during ripening     

Marzia Migliorini  Chiara Cherubini  Marco Mugelli  Giacomo Gianni  Serena Trapani  Bruno Zanoni 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

In our previous work (Cherubini et al., 2009), sugar concentration was proposed as an accurate, reproducible index for technological ripening of olive oil fruits. During 2009 crop season, sugar and oil content of olive oil fruits from Moraiolo and Leccino cultivars were measured during ripening. The sugar content of olive oil fruits was determined both by titration and by using a portable refractometer.  相似文献