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41.
Four diets differing in crude protein/crude lipid concentrations (CP/CL), 570/200, 510/220, 460/240, 430/260 (g kg?1 dry diet) were fed to near‐satiety to rainbow trout (initial body weight, IBW = 268 g, domestic strain) and Atlantic salmon (IBW = 456 g, wild strain) for 308 days to determine the effect of diets, species and fish size on efficiency of feed, nitrogen (N) and energy utilization. Within species, weight gain, feed efficiency (FE), and energy retention efficiency (ERE, E gain/E intake) were not affected by diet (P < 0.05). N retention efficiency (NRE, N gain/N intake) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with decreasing CP/CL for both species. NRE and FE were higher for salmon compared with trout. Whole body CP of salmon was significantly (P < 0.05) higher, and lipid significantly (P < 0.05) lower, than those of trout. There was a significant (P < 0.05) linear decrease in FE as fish grew, regardless of diet and species. NRE linearly decreased (P < 0.0001) and lipid to protein deposition ratio (LD/PD) increased (P < 0.05) as trout grew. NRE linearly increased (P < 0.05) while ERE and LD/PD linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as salmon grew. Salmon appeared to rely to a greater extent on non‐protein energy‐yielding nutrients to support cost of growth than did trout. 相似文献
42.
Chung Yeon Hwang Soonwook Jung Y. S. Hwang Byung Cheol Cho 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,213(1-4):161-169
Ballast seawater is considered globally as a major vector for invasions of non-indigenous organisms. Several technologies have been tested for their ability to remove organisms from ballast water. In the present study, we constructed a novel pulsed high-voltage discharge (PHVD) system that could operate in either high current mode with several hundred amperes or shockwave generating mode with relatively lower current in seawater. In laboratory-scale experiments, the PHVD system with shockwave-generating mode was found to be more effective in killing zooplankton (1.9- to 4.0-fold) and phytoplankton (3.3-fold) than high current mode at discharge with 300–500 pulses at 7.1 kV. Further experiments were carried out at different voltages and pulse-numbers to examine effects of the shockwave-generating PHVD system on viabilities of one zooplankton larva, two phytoplankton species, and an indicator bacterium suspended in seawater in a static chamber. For zooplankton, live cells were not detected at discharge with 400 pulses at 13 kV. For phytoplankton, the initial live cells of a dinoflagellate was decreased by 77?±?0.5%, and the initial chl a concentration of a diatom was decreased by 76?±?6% at discharge with 700 pulses at 13 kV. For an indicator bacterium Escherichia coli, live cells were not detected at discharges with 200 or 700 pulses at 13 kV. Measurements of ATP content of organisms showed congruent results with those obtained by the above methods, suggesting it may be a rapid method for evaluating treatment efficiency. Though further scale-up studies are necessary, these results suggest that the PHVD system have a high potential for applying to ballast seawater treatment. 相似文献
43.
Jeonghwan Park Harry V. Daniels Sung Hwoan Cho 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(5):726-734
This study was performed to estimate the nitrite toxicity to southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, in brackish water (7.5 ppt of salinity). For a LC50 test, 20 fingerlings (5.7 ± 0.4 cm) in each aquarium (15 L) were exposed to the concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg NO2?‐N/L in duplication for 10 d. Median lethal concentration at 96 h (96‐h LC50) was calculated as 81.6 mg NO2?‐N/L. For a verification test, young flounder (164.2 ± 9.1 g) were exposed to a simulated culture condition in recirculating systems (1000 L). Sodium nitrite was not added to control system, whereas it was added to Treatment system 1 (TS 1) and Treatment system 2 (TS 2) to maintain nitrite concentrations of 20 and 30 mg NO2?‐N/L, respectively. The plasma nitrite concentrations of the young flounder in TS 1 and TS 2 were 4.5 and 6.6 mg NO2?‐N/L, respectively, after 2 wk. At this time, the methemoglobin percentages in TS 1 and TS 2 reached 85.8 and 89.7%, and survival rates were 37.5 and 25.0%, respectively. The results of these tests indicate that southern flounder do not concentrate nitrite in blood from the environment, but they seem to be more sensitive to nitrite compared with other species that do not concentrate nitrite. 相似文献
44.
45.
D. U. Han C. Choi J. Kim W.‐S. Cho H.‐K. Chung S.‐K. Ha K. Jung C. Chae 《Zoonoses and public health》2002,49(7):346-348
The in vitro susceptibilities of 128 isolates of east1+Escherichia coli from pre‐weaned and post‐weaned pigs with diarrhoea were tested with nine commonly used anti‐microbial agents by an agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) procedure according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. For the isolates from pre‐weaned and post‐weaned pigs, most of them were susceptible to low concentrations (MIC90) of tetracycline (4 and 2 μg/ml), ceftiofur (2 and 2 μg/ml), and colistin (4 and 2 μg/ml). Marked resistance was found in others. 相似文献
46.
47.
Frederick J. Muehlbauer Seungho Cho Ashutosh Sarker Kevin E. McPhee Clarice J. Coyne P. N. Rajesh Rebecca Ford 《Euphytica》2006,147(1-2):149-165
Summary Lentil is a self-pollinating diploid (2n = 14 chromosomes) annual cool season legume crop that is produced throughout the world and is highly valued as a high protein
food. Several abiotic stresses are important to lentil yields world wide and include drought, heat, salt susceptibility and
iron deficiency. The biotic stresses are numerous and include: susceptibility to Ascochyta blight, caused by Ascochyta lentis; Anthracnose, caused by
Colletotrichum truncatum; Fusarium wilt, caused by
Fusarium oxysporum; Sclerotinia white mold, caused by
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; rust, caused by
Uromyces fabae; and numerous aphid transmitted viruses. Lentil is also highly susceptible to several species of
Orabanche prevalent in the Mediterranean region, for which there does not appear to be much resistance in the germplasm. Plant breeders
and geneticists have addressed these stresses by identifying resistant/tolerant germplasm, determining the genetics involved
and the genetic map positions of the resistant genes. To this end progress has been made in mapping the lentil genome and
several genetic maps are available that eventually will lead to the development of a consensus map for lentil. Marker density
has been limited in the published genetic maps and there is a distinct lack of co-dominant markers that would facilitate comparisons
of the available genetic maps and efficient identification of markers closely linked to genes of interest. Molecular breeding
of lentil for disease resistance genes using marker assisted selection, particularly for resistance to Ascochyta blight and
Anthracnose, is underway in Australia and Canada and promising results have been obtained. Comparative genomics and synteny
analyses with closely related legumes promises to further advance the knowledge of the lentil genome and provide lentil breeders
with additional genes and selectable markers for use in marker assisted selection. Genomic tools such as macro and micro arrays,
reverse genetics and genetic transformation are emerging technologies that may eventually be available for use in lentil crop
improvement. 相似文献
48.
We investigated the effects of erythritol on rats with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of erythritol [100, 200, or 400 mg (kg body weight)(-1) day(-1) for 10 days] to rats with STZ-induced diabetes resulted in significant decreases in the glucose levels of serum, liver, and kidney. Erythritol also reduced the elevated serum 5-hydroxymethylfurfural level that is glycosylated with protein as an indicator of oxidative stress. In addition, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels of serum and liver and kidney mitochondria were dose-dependently lower in the erythritol-treated groups than in the control diabetic group. Furthermore, the serum creatinine level was reduced by oral administration of erythritol in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that erythritol affects glucose metabolism and reduces lipid peroxidation, thereby improving the damage caused by oxidative stress involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. 相似文献
49.
5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)- 1,2-isoxazoline as a useful rice herbicide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hwang IT Kim HR Jeon DJ Hong KS Song JH Cho KY 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(22):8639-8643
5-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline derivative was synthesized, and its herbicidal activity was assessed under glasshouse and flooded paddy conditions. 5-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)oxymethyl-5-methyl-3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1,2-isoxazoline demonstrated good rice selectivity and potent herbicidal activity against annual weeds at 125 g of a.i. ha(-1) under greenhouse conditions. Soil application of this compound showed complete control of barnyard-grass to the fourth leaf stage at 250 g of a.i. ha(-1). Field trials indicated that this compound controlled annual weeds rapidly with a good tolerance on transplanted rice seedlings by post-emergence and soil application. This compound showed a low mammalian and environmental toxicity in various toxicological tests. 相似文献
50.
Kim BT Min YK Asami T Park NK Kwon OY Cho KY Yoshida S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(1):313-317
Fluorine was introduced into the 2-position of the side chain of abscisic acid (ABA) analogues by Wittig reaction of alpha-ionone derivatives with ethyl triethylphosphono-2-fluoroacetate. The effects of the fluorinated analogues were evaluated on inhibition of cress seed germination and inhibition of gibberellin-inducible alpha-amylase induction in embryoless barley half-seeds. (2E, 4E)-2-Fluoro-5-(1'-hydroxy-2',6', 6'-trimethyl-2'-cyclohexen-1'-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-pentadienoic acid (5b) showed potent inhibitory activity at the same level as ABA in the cress seed germination test, and 5b also inhibited gibberellin-inducible alpha-amylase induction at 4 x 10(-)(6), 3 times the concentration of ABA (1 x 10(-)(6)) for 50% inhibition of alpha-amylase production. 5b also showed dehydrin induction activity. These results indicate that fluorinated ABA analogues mimic ABA action and can be a lead for a plant growth regulator which regulates plant growth or protects plants from environmental stresses. 相似文献