Risk factors for Salmonella seroconversion of fattening pigs in farrow-to-finish herds     

Beloeil PA  Chauvin C  Proux K  Fablet C  Madec F  Alioum A 《Veterinary research》2007,38(6):835-848

We did a prospective observational 9-month long study to quantify risk factors of managerial and hygiene practices, and pig-health status for Salmonella seroconversion of fattening pigs reared in subclinically infected French farrow-to-finish farms. During the fattening phase, 2,649 pigs belonging to the same batch of contemporary pigs, from 89 conventional farrow-to-finish farms were individually followed and regularly blood sampled on a monthly basis. Farm recruitment was based on the farmer's willingness to cooperate. Pig status was assessed using an indirect ELISA test. Evolution of the serological status was studied by means of survival analysis. A Cox proportional-hazards model, taking into account the clustering of animals at the farm level, was used to examine the effects of explanatory variables on the time to Salmonella seroconversion of pigs. Applying group level antibiotic treatment to the pigs during the fattening period (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.7, 3.4) was identified as a risk factor for Salmonella seroconversion, as the presence of residual Salmonella contamination in the fattening pen before placing the pigs into the pens (HR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 2.9). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) seropositivity during the fattening period also indicated an increased hazard for seroconversion (HR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5). The batch size was identified as a risk factor for Salmonella seroconversion: the higher the number of pigs was in the fattening room followed, the higher was the risk (HR(+10 pigs) = 1.05 for a 10-pig increment; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.06). The biosecurity measures of wearing specific clothes before entering the facilities (HR = 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9) and enclosing the pig farm facilities were protective (HR = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8).  相似文献   

Ocular and cardiac malformations associated with maternal hypovitaminosis A in cattle     

Millemann Y  Benoit-Valiergue H  Bonnin JP  Fontaine JJ  Maillard R 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(13):441-443

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Differential expression of homing receptors and vascular addressins in tonsils and draining lymph nodes: Effect of Brucella infection in sheep     

Suraud V  Olivier M  Bodier CC  Guilloteau LA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2007,115(3-4):239-250

The differential expression of homing receptors (HR) and complementary vascular addressins was studied in T and B lymphocytes from ovine tonsils and draining lymph nodes (LN) in uninfected and Brucella melitensis-infected sheep. In uninfected sheep, CD4+CD25+ T cells expressed proportionally more L-selectin and beta1 integrin than beta7 integrin in pharyngeal and palatine tonsils and in parotid LN (PLN), retropharyngeal LN (RLN) and the peripheral prescapular LN (PSLN). In contrast, memory CD4+CD45RA- T cells expressed an equivalent proportion of the three HR in PLN and PSLN, whereas beta1 and beta7 integrins were proportionally more expressed than L-selectin in pharyngeal tonsil. beta7 integrin was proportionally more expressed than beta1 integrin or L-selectin in palatine tonsils, RLN and the mucosal mesenteric LN (MLN). beta1 integrin was proportionally more expressed in IgG+ and IgA+ cells than beta7 integrin and L-selectin in tonsils, PLN and RLN. The main endothelial addressin expressed on venules in both pharyngeal and palatine tonsils, the PLN and RLN, as well as in the PSLN, was the peripheral PNAd, while in the MLN it was MAdCAM-1. Conjunctival infection by Brucella resulted in an increase of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD45RA- T cell subsets, which was associated to modifications of HR expression. CD4+CD45RA- T cells expressed proportionally more beta1 and beta7 integrins than L-selectin in regional PLN and RLN, but also in PSLN. The infection induced an increase of IgG+ and IgA+ cell percentages expressing beta1 integrin in all LN, and also beta7 integrin in the RLN. PNAd continued to be expressed on venules of tonsils and draining LN after Brucella infection, and MAdCAM-1 was also weakly expressed on RLN venules. These results suggest that lymphocyte trafficking through tonsils and draining LN could involve L-selectin/PNAd interactions, as well as beta1 or beta7 integrin, possibly in interaction with VCAM-1 or MAdCAM-1. The homing of antigen-specific lymphocytes in these tissues could be modulated after conjunctival infection with Brucella, which induces the recruitment of lymphocytes that express both beta1 and/or beta7 integrin in regional and more distant LN.  相似文献   

Plastic mulches reduce adult and larval populations of Drosophila suzukii in fall-bearing raspberry     

McIntosh  Hanna  Atucha  Amaya  Townsend  Philip A.  Hills  W. Beckett  Gu&#;dot  Christelle 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):525-536

Journal of Pest Science - The invasive spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is a major pest of fruit crops worldwide. Management of D. suzukii relies heavily on chemical control in both...  相似文献   

Correction to: Plastic mulches reduce adult and larval populations of Drosophila suzukii in fall‑bearing raspberry     

McIntosh  Hanna  Atucha  Amaya  Townsend  Philip A.  Hills  W. Beckett  Gu&#;dot  Christelle 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):537-537

Journal of Pest Science -  相似文献   

Microbial biofilms: Does breaking the microbes’ community spirit hold the key to beating persistent mastitis?     

Fontaine MC  Smith DG 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2006,171(3):387-388

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The efficacy of an antiseptic and microbial anti-adhesive ear cleanser in dogs with otitis externa     

Rème CA  Pin D  Collinot C  Cadiergues MC  Joyce JA  Fontaine J 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2006,7(1):15-26

A new antimicrobial ear cleanser was evaluated for the treatment of bacterial and yeast ear infection in dogs. Forty-five dogs with erythemato-ceruminous or purulent otitis externa were randomly allocated to two treatment groups: reference ear cleanser (Epiotic, Virbac) or test ear cleanser (Epiotic Advanced, Virbac). Ear cleansing was performed twice daily for 2 weeks, and no other treatment was allowed. By week 2, clinical (exudate quantity, erythema, stenosis, excoriation, and odor) and discomfort (pain, ear scratching, and head shaking) scores were significantly decreased (P < .0001 for all) and no microbial overgrowth could be detected in 25 (64.1%) and 32 (68.1%) ears treated with Epiotic and Epiotic Advanced, respectively. The new pH-balanced, propylene glycol-free test ear cleanser, which incorporates microbial adhesin-blocking carbohydrates, proved as effective as the reference acidic formula.  相似文献   

Porcine colon explants in the study of innate immune response to Entamoeba histolytica     

Girard-Misguich F  Delgado-Ortega M  Berthon P  Rossignol C  Larcher T  Bruel T  Guibon R  Guillén N  Meurens F 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(3-4):611-617

Human amebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. This protozoan is responsible for muco-hemorrhagic diarrhoea and liver abscess in affected populations. E. histolytica can be asymptomatic commensally confined to the intestinal lumen or can result in invasion of the colonic mucosa leading to ulceration and/or liver abscesses. Recently, human colonic explants have been identified as valuable in the study of host-parasite interactions. Here we investigated the potential of porcine colonic explants as an alternative to human tissues which are far less available. Porcine colonic explants were cultured with two strains of E. histolytica, one virulent (HM1:IMSS) and one avirulent (Rahman). Results from histopathological and real-time PCR analysis showed that porcine explants cultured with virulent ameba trophozoites react similarly to their human counterparts with an invasion of the tissue by the trophozoites and the triggering of typical innate immune response against the parasite. On the contrary, explants cultured with avirulent ameba trophozoites were preserved. The study open the way to the use of porcine colonic explants in the study of the complex interactions between the parasite and the host.  相似文献   

Bird communities following high-severity fire: Response to single and repeat fires in a mixed-evergreen forest,Oregon, USA     

Joseph B. Fontaine  Daniel C. Donato  W. Douglas Robinson  Beverly E. Law  J. Boone Kauffman 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Fire is a widespread natural disturbance agent in most conifer-dominated forests. In light of climate change and the effects of fire exclusion, single and repeated high-severity (stand-replacement) fires have become prominent land management issues. We studied bird communities using point counting in the Klamath-Siskiyou ecoregion of Oregon, USA at various points in time after one or two high-severity fires. Time points included 2 and 3 years after a single fire, 17 and 18 years after a single fire, 2 and 3 years after a repeat fire (15 year interval between fires), and >100 years since stand-replacement fire (mature/old-growth forest). Avian species richness did not differ significantly among habitats. Bird density was highest 17 and 18 years after fire, lowest 2 years after fire, and intermediate in repeat burns and unburned forest. Bird community composition varied significantly with habitat type (A = 0.24, P < 0.0001) with two distinct gradients in species composition relating to tree structure (live to dead) and shrub stature. Using indicator species analysis, repeat burns were characterized by shrub-nesting and ground-foraging bird species while unburned mature forests were characterized by conifer-nesting and foliage-gleaning species. Bird density was not related to snag basal area but was positively related to shrub height. Contrary to expectations, repeated high-severity fire did not reduce species richness, and bird densities were greater in repeat burns than in once-burned habitats. Broad-leaved hardwoods and shrubs appear to play a major role in structuring avian communities in the Klamath-Siskiyou region. In light of these results, extended periods of early seral broadleaf dominance and short-interval high-severity fires may be important to the conservation of avian biodiversity.  相似文献   

Initial spacing has little influence on transient epicormic shoots in a 20-year-old sessile oak plantation     

Francis Colin  Nicolas Robert  Jean-Louis Druelle  Florence Fontaine 《Annals of Forest Science》2008,65(5):508-508

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