The decline of fisheries on the Madeira River,Brazil: The high cost of the hydroelectric dams in the Amazon Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Rangel E. Santos  Ricardo M. Pinto‐Coelho  Rogério Fonseca  Nadson R. Simões  Fabrício B. Zanchi 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2018,25(5):380-391

Despite being considered beneficial by providing a clean and renewable source of energy, the construction of hydroelectric dams has extremely negative implications for Amazonian fisheries. This study investigated the impacts of the Santo Antônio and Jirau hydroelectric dams on the fishery stocks of the Madeira River. This investigation was based on fish catch data from the Z‐31 fishing colony, located in the municipality of Humaitá, in Amazonas State, Northern Brazil. Data were collected daily and provided information on the date of return from each trip, the fish species targeted, and the total catch (kg) between January 2002 and September 2017. The results indicated reductions of 39% in the mean annual catch and 34% in the mean monthly catches. These results highlight the high price paid by local fish communities for the development of hydroelectric power in the Amazon basin.  相似文献   

Integrated production of fish (pacu <Emphasis Type="Italic">Piaractus mesopotamicus</Emphasis> and red tilapia <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oreochromis</Emphasis> sp.) with two varieties of garnish (scallion and parsley) in aquaponics system     

Sara Mello Pinho  Giovanni Lemos de Mello  Kevin M. Fitzsimmons  Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano 《Aquaculture International》2018,26(1):99-112

Aquaponics is emerging as an alternative for high-health food production. Being able to identify the technical viability of non-conventional plants and fish species would help to increase the interest and possibilities in aquaponic systems. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the aquaponics production of two garnish species: scallion (S) and parsley (P), using effluents of pacu and red tilapia culture. Two aquaponics devices were used, differing according to the fish species, generating two different effluents. Thus, for plant performance, four treatments were evaluated in a factorial design (plant species and fish effluent as main factors), as followed: Pacu-S, Tilapia-S, Pacu-P, and Tilapia-P, with three replicates each, for 35 days. Fish performance was evaluated using Student’s t test. Each experimental device included a fish tank, filters, and six experimental units for the plants (floating rafts). Results indicated that feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher in tilapia as compared to pacu (p < 0.05); however, fish productivity and survival were similar between species. Plant performance parameters were similar with no significant differences regardless of the fish effluent (p > 0.05), except for higher number of leaves per plant in scallion cultured using pacu effluent. Plant performance comparing both plant species indicated that scallion performed better as compared to parsley in all parameters. In addition, scallion also performed better related to the plant quality index. The results indicate that pacu presented a viable alternative for the aquaponics production, and regarding to the garnish, scallion performed better results as compared to parsley.  相似文献   

Dietary Protein Hydrolysates from Animal By-Products: Digestibility and Enzymatic Activity for Dourado Salminus brasiliensis     

Evandro Kleber Lorenz  Rafael Simões Coelho Barone  Fernando Yugo Yamamoto 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2018,27(2):236-246

Fishmeal (FM) is a high-cost and scarce feedstuff. Notwithstanding, the formulation and processing of diets for carnivorous fish strongly rely on FM as a protein source, given its palatability and biological value. Animal by-product hydrolysates are high-quality feedstuff and can substitute FM in aquafeeds. This study evaluated the digestibility of hydrolysates from tilapia residue (TR), tuna head (TH), swine liver (SL), and poultry liver (PL), and the profile of digestive enzymes in juvenile dourado, Salminus brasiliensis, a carnivorous Characin, fed diets containing graded levels of the hydrolysates. Inclusion of hydrolysates in diet formulations lowered the pH of feed but did not alter feed intake by fish. Higher apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of diets were recorded for fish fed diets containing TR and SL, and lower ADCs were recorded for fish fed diets containing TH. Protease and lipase activities in the animal’s stomach were higher, especially for those fed with diets containing SL. Amylase activity was higher in pyloric caeca, whereas in the intestines, the higher activity was seen in fish fed control and TR diets. Animal by-product hydrolysates were highly digestible for dourado, and the enzymatic profile of fish was influenced by the nutrient contents of diets.  相似文献   

Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) hydrolate as sedative of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles in simulated transport conditions          下载免费PDF全文

Hugo Napoleão Pereira da Silva  Elen Monique de Oliveira Sousa  Janna Laely dos Santos Maia  Mônica Tatiane Lima Pinheiro  Soraia Valeria de Oliveira Coelho Lameirão  Rosa Helena Veras Mourão  José Guilherme Soares Maia  Bernardo Baldisserotto  Lenise Vargas Flores da Silva 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):128-134

Lippia alba hydrolate (LAH) is produced as a secondary product in essential oil extraction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of LAH in a simulation of the transport of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles. A series of 17 hr simulations were performed using load densities of 30, 60 and 90 juveniles per L and four LAH concentrations of 0.4%, 1%, 2% and 5%, with a control of just water. Fish survival, temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, ammonia excretion, alkalinity water hardness and net Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^‐ fluxes, were all evaluated before and after the transport simulations. Mucous cell densities in the gills were also determined microscopically, post simulation. The results showed that addition of 5% LAH achieved better survival during the simulation than the water control. Dissolved oxygen was significantly lower with an increased load density. Also, conductivity, NH₄ excretion and net ionic fluxes (K⁺ and Cl^?) were lower with 5% LAH, although mainly where higher load densities were tested. Mucous cell density was lower in LAH concentrations of 2% and 5%, again with higher load densities. In view of these findings, it is suggested that 5% LAH is an effective sedative for use in the transport of tambaqui, mainly with high load densities. This work is the first study of LAH and highlights its potential applications in aquaculture management.  相似文献   

Methods for Cercospora coffeicola protoplast isolation and genetic transformation with the green fluorescent protein     

André Gomes Coelho Souza  Sonia Herrero  Luiz Antonio Maffia  Margaret Elizabeth Daub 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(2):235-238

Cercospora coffeicola is the causal agent of brown eye spot on coffee leaves. Although the disease has significant importance, few molecular studies have been done with C. coffeicola. Here we report a protocol for isolating protoplasts as well as development of a genetic transformation system using Green Fluorescent Protein. High yields of protoplasts (≈10⁸/ml) were obtained from mycelial cultures from five isolates of C. coffeicola. One isolate was transformed with a vector encoding hygromycin resistance and Green Fluorescent Protein. Out of 43 hygromycin-resistant transformants obtained, Green Fluorescent Protein was highly expressed in one (2.3 %).  相似文献   

Establishment of a proteomic reference map for the gastrocnemius muscle in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)     

Andr M. Almeida  Alexandre Campos  Sofia van Harten  Luís Alfaro Cardoso  Ana Varela Coelho 《Research in veterinary science》2009,87(2):196-199

In several laboratory and production species, the establishment of a proteome reference map of a specific tissue has been accomplished. The rabbit is widely used as both a production and experimental animal. A lot of physiology research involving the gastrocnemius muscle of rabbit is described, although no reference proteome map is available. In this work, the first reference map of the rabbit’s gastrocnemius muscle using 2D gel electrophoresis and the identification of proteins through peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) was established. A total of 45 proteins were localized and identified with three major roles: cell structure and contractile apparatus; metabolic and cell defense proteins. A reference map of major proteins expressed is described enabling possible comparisons with other physiological studies.  相似文献   

Ecosystem services: Foundations,opportunities, and challenges for the forest products sector   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Trista M. Patterson  Dana L. Coelho 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

The ecosystem service concept has been proposed as a meaningful framework for natural resource management. In theory it holds concomitant benefit and consequence for the forest product sector. However, numerous barriers impede practitioners from developing concrete and enduring responses to emerging ecosystem service markets, policies, and initiatives. Principle among these barriers is that the ecosystem service concept has a complex history, numerous definitions in use, and an astounding diversity in rationale and application. This article provides a conceptual review of ecosystem services and its economic foundations, distinguishes among several current definitions of the term and their relatedness to strategies in practical application, discusses diverse approaches to valuation, and explores potential for future relevance in forest product and other sectors.  相似文献   

Management of strawberry anthracnose by choice of irrigation system,mulching material and host resistance     

Marcus V.S. Coelho  Flávio R. Palma 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(4):347-354

We studied, by means of field experiments, the combined effects of irrigation system, mulching material and genetic resistance on the incidence of strawberry anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. All trials involved artificial inoculation with fruits colonized by the pathogen. One experiment examined the effects of drip irrigation, overhead sprinkler irrigation, and localized low-pressure tape irrigation, and the effects of grass (Brachiaria sp.) and plastic (polyethylene) mulches, in a split plot, randomized complete block design with four replicates. Lower disease incidence, indicating lower pathogen dispersal, was verified with low-pressure tape and drip irrigation. Flower blight and fruit rot incidence in drip-irrigated plots was minimal (ca. 2% of the disease levels in the plots otherwise irrigated). Grass mulch reduced flower blight in the sprinkler system (up to 80%), but had no significant effect when disease levels were already low due to use of other irrigation systems. A second experiment compared the effects of grass mulch, pine (Pinus elliotti) mulch, and plastic mulch with overhead sprinkler irrigation on strawberry cultivars partially resistant (‘Dover’) and susceptible (‘Campinas’) to the disease in a factorial completely randomized design (CRD). Both organic mulches reduced flower blight and diseased fruit incidence by up to 76% compared to the plastic mulch treatment, especially in the early stages of the epidemics. ‘Dover’ had 70% lower incidence of flower blight than ‘Campinas’, and the effects of organic mulches were more pronounced in ‘Campinas’. A third experiment, with all three irrigation systems combined with inoculated and non-inoculated plots, estimated yield effects due to disease and irrigation system. All plots were covered with plastic mulch in a CRD with six treatments. This experiment clearly confirmed the higher flower blight and fruit rot incidences when sprinkler irrigation was used. In inoculated treatments, fruit yield was significantly reduced in tape-irrigated plots, and more so in sprinkler-irrigated plots. In drip-irrigated plots yield was reduced by only 1%. Overall, our results confirm the importance of cultural and genetic factors as valuable means of strawberry anthracnose management. Adoption of localized irrigation systems, the use of organic mulches and choice of a partially resistant cultivar significantly reduced disease levels in field plots. The importance of water splash for C. acutatum dispersal and its dependency on the soil mulch characteristics are the likely causes for the results observed.  相似文献   

Removal of Arsenic from Aqueous Solutions by Sorption onto Sewage Sludge-Based Sorbent   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Daniela S. Tavares  Cláudia B. Lopes  Jo?o P. Coelho  Marta E. Sánchez  Ana I. Garcia  Armando C. Duarte  Marta Otero  Eduarda Pereira 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(5):2311-2321

This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the removal of arsenic from solutions by a low-cost waste-based sorbent, produced by pyrolysing sewage sludge under appropriate conditions, and by a commercially activated carbon. Batch sorption experiments were performed under isothermal conditions (20°C), in order to evaluate the effect of pH on the arsenic sorption kinetics and on the equilibrium sorption capacity of the materials under study. Kinetic data revealed that the arsenic sorption was faster onto the activated carbon than onto the pyrolysed sludge. The sorption process was well described by both the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetics equations for both materials. Changes in the initial solution pH have distinct effects on the removal of arsenic onto pyrolysed sludge and activated carbon. While for pyrolysed sludge, pH affects essentially the equilibrium time, for activated carbon it affects the sorption capacity. Equilibrium results were well described by both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models, although fittings corresponding to the Langmuir isotherm were slightly better. The Langmuir maximum sorption capacity determined for the pyrolysed sludge was 71???g?g^?1, while for activated carbon was 229???g?g^?1. Despite the relative lower capacity of the pyrolysed sludge, the considerable lower cost and the valorisation of the sludge may justify further research on its use for water decontamination.  相似文献   

Molecular detection of Leishmania sp. in cats (Felis catus) from Andradina Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil     

Coelho WM  Richini-Pereira VB  Langoni H  Bresciani KD 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,176(2-3):281-282

The aim of this work was to molecularly detect Leishmania species in 52 cats from Andradina Municipality, S?o Paulo State, Brazil. The direct parasitological test was performed by using imprints of poplited lymph node, bone marrow and spleen to verify amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. The samples that were positive parasitological tests were subjected to molecular analysis (PCR) and sequencing. Infection was detected for 5.76% (3/52) of the examined cats and two had presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. in lymph nodes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of kinetoplast minicircle DNA, indicated positive amplification for samples of spleen and lymph nodes and the sequencing resulted in 97% similarity with Leishmania (L.) chagasi. This study proved the occurrence of infection with Leishmania (L.) chagasi in felines from Andradina municipality, S?o Paulo State.  相似文献