PCR-based Assays to Assess Wheat Varietal Resistance to Blotch (Septoria Tritici and Stagonospora Nodorum) and Rust (Puccinia Striiformis and Puccinia Recondita) Diseases   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

B.A. Fraaije  D.J. Lovell  J.M. Coelho  S. Baldwin  D.W. Hollomon 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(9):905-917

A multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect and quantify four fungal foliar pathogens in wheat. For Septoria tritici (leaf blotch) and Stagonospora nodorum (leaf and glume blotch), the -tubulin gene was used as the target region. Diagnostic targets for Puccinia striiformis (stripe or yellow rust) and P. recondita (brown rust) were obtained from PCR products amplified with -tubulin primer sequences. Final primer sets were designed and selected after being tested against several fungi, and against DNA of infected and healthy wheat leaves. For detection of the four pathogens, PCR products of different sizes were amplified simultaneously, whereas no products were generated from wheat DNA or other non-target fungi tested. The presence of each of the diseases was wheat tissue- and cultivar specific. Using real-time PCR measurements with the fluorescent dye SYBR Green I, PCR-amplified products could be quantified individually, by reference to a standard curve generated by adding known amounts of target DNA. Infection levels for each of the diseases were measured in the flag leaf of 19 cultivars at Growth Stage (GS) 60–64 in both 1998 and 1999. The infection levels for the cultivars were ranked, and showed, with a few exceptions, a good correlation with the NIAB Recommended List for winter wheat, which is based on visual assessment of symptoms. With PCR, the presence of the different pathogens was accurately diagnosed and quantification of pre-symptomatic infection levels was possible. Although sampling and DNA detection methods need further optimisation, the results show that multiplex PCR and quantitative real-time PCR assays can be used in resistance screening to measure the interaction between different pathogens and their hosts at different growth stages, and in specific tissues. This should enable an earlier identification of specific resistance mechanisms in both early-stage breeding material and field trials.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary inclusion of Spirulina on production performance,nutrient digestibility and meat quality traits in post-weaning piglets     

Cátia Falcão Martins  José Pestana Assunção  David M. Ribeiro Santos  Marta Sofia Morgado dos S. Madeira  Cristina Maria Riscado Pereira Mateus Alfaia  Paula Alexandra Antunes Brás Lopes  Diogo Francisco Maurício Coelho  José Pedro Cardoso Lemos  André M. de Almeida  José António Mestre Prates  João Pedro Bengala Freire 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(2):247-259

The effect of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), individually or in combination with two commercial carbohydrases, in piglet diets was assessed on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality traits. Forty post-weaned male piglets from Large White × Landrace sows crossed with Pietrain boars with an initial live weight of 12.0 ± 0.89 kg were used. Piglets were assigned to one of four dietary treatments (n = 10): cereal and soya bean meal base diet (control), base diet with 10% Spirulina (SP), SP diet supplemented with 0.005% Rovabio^® Excel AP (SP + R) and SP diet supplemented with 0.01% lysozyme (SP + L). Animals were slaughtered after a 4-week experimental period. Growth performance was negatively affected by the incorporation of Spirulina in the diets, with an average decrease of 9.1% on final weight, in comparison with control animals. Total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) of crude protein was higher (p < .05) in the control group than in other groups. In addition, lysozyme increased TTAD of crude fat and acid detergent fibre, relative to the SP and control groups, respectively. In addition, the incorporation of Spirulina, individually and supplemented with enzymes, did not impair meat quality traits. Surprisingly, no protective effect against lipid oxidation was observed with the inclusion of Spirulina in pork after 7 days of storage. This study indicates that growth performance of post-weaning piglets was impaired by the incorporation of 10% Spirulina in the diets, which is mediated by an increase in digesta viscosity and a lower protein digestibility, as a consequence of the resistance of microalga proteins to the action of endogenous peptidases. In addition, it also indicates that lysozyme, in contrast to Rovabio^® Excel AP, is efficient in the degradation of Spirulina cell wall in piglet's intestine. However, the digestion of proteins liberated by Spirulina cell wall disruption is still a challenge.  相似文献   

Bats,pangolins, minks and other animals - villains or victims of SARS-CoV-2?     

do Vale  Beatriz  Lopes  Ana Patrícia  Fontes  Maria da Conceição  Silvestre  Mário  Cardoso  Luís  Coelho  Ana Cláudia 《Veterinary research communications》2021,45(1):1-19

Veterinary Research Communications - Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute Respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has become unstoppable, spreading rapidly...  相似文献   

Elemental,functional group and infrared spectroscopic analysis of actinomycete melanins from brazilian soils     

R. C. Gomes  R. R. R. Coelho  L. F. Linhares  A. S. Mangrich 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,21(1-2):84-88

Eleven actinomycete melanins were characterized by elemental and functional group and infrared analysis. A soil humic acid from a Brazilian topsoil, a darkred latosol under savanna grassland, analysed previously, was used for comparative purposes. C, N, total acidity, COOH, and phenolic OH contents were within the ranges reported for soil humic acids and fungal melanins. Compared to the soil humic acid, the actinomycete melanins showed greater detail, indicative of higher aliphaticity. Most of these were, in varying degrees, similar to the type III IR spectra of humic acids, which are characteristically high in proteinaceous material, and with variable amounts of polysaccharides. The exceptions were two melanin spectra that showed more resemblance to the humic acid from the dark-red latosol, which belongs to the type I spectra of soil humic acids, a category that includes most soil humic acids. The probable participation of melanic actinomycetes in the formation of humic polymers in discussed.  相似文献   

Tantalum Dissolution Rate in Simulant Lung Fluid     

C. Lima  M. J. Coelho  K. C. P. Dalia  C. V. Barros Leite  G. Medeiros  K. Dias da Cunha 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,186(1-4):365-371

The aim of this study is to determine the solubility rate of tantalum contained in pyrochlore, columbite–tantalite and columbite in simulant lung fluid. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), in its recommendation for limiting intakes of radionuclide by workers, has consistently recognized that the biological behavior of any specific material after incorporation can significantly diverge from model prevision. Model parameters should be adjusted to adapt the model for each specific substance material in order to estimate the dose due to this element intake. The most recent ICRP publication 66, respiratory tract dosimetry model, point out that information as data like particle size, aerosols solubility and the material chemical compounds are important parameters in the dose coefficients calculation. This paper studies the solubility in Simulant Lung Fluid (SLF) of Ta present in mineral dust particles. For this study 3 minerals were selected: pyrochlore, columbite–tantalite and columbite. Tantalum dissolution in vitro samples were obtained using the Gamble solution and PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) as analytical technique. In order to characterize the worker exposure to Ta bearing particles, one Brazilian niobium mine was selected. The mineral dust particles were collected using a six-stage cascade impactor and the elemental mass concentrations and the MMAD (Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter) were determined. Concentrations of radionuclides from natural series of thorium and uranium were also determined. The results show that the workers are exposed to Ta bearing particles in the respirable fraction of aerosols (aerodynamic diameter (d _aer) <2.5 μm) during the mineral processing to obtain Fe–Nb alloy. The solubility in Simulant Lung Fluid (SLF) of Ta present in mineral dust particles depends on the mineral characteristics. The solubility half-time varies between 34 and 62 h depending on the associated mineral.  相似文献   

Identification and isolation of psittacid herpesvirus from psittacids in Brazil     

Luppi MM  Luiz AP  Coelho FM  Malta Mde C  Preis IS  Ecco R  da Fonseca FG  Resende M 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,154(1-2):69-77

Psittacid herpesvirus (PsHV) was isolated from 41 birds kept in captivity in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais/Brazil using chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) cell cultures. For this study, leukocytes or cloacal swabs of live birds were used. Also, portions of liver, spleen or kidney from birds collected at necropsy were utilized for these tests. PCR tests confirmed the presence of PsHV in 100% of samples. Thirty-three of the PCR products were sequenced and the results disclosed a 99% and 100% identity when compared with other sequences PsHV-1 (AY372243.1 and AF261756.1), previously deposited in GenBank. In addition, histopathology was performed and 19 of the 29 birds contained random multifocal lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis with necrotic foci, suggestive of viral infection. Three samples were examined by electron microscopy to visualize the viral particles obtained from cell culture. The viral structures measured 269 nm in average, had envelopes with an icosahedral capsid and tegument, consistent with herpesvirus. Thus, a total of 41 isolates were obtained from PsHV cell cultivation in CEF, confirming the circulation of the virus between parrots kept in captivity in Belo Horizonte, and affirming the importance of further studies in this area.  相似文献   

Effect of condensed tannin ingestion in sheep and goat parotid saliva proteome     

Lamy E  da Costa G  Santos R  Capela e Silva F  Potes J  Pereira A  Coelho AV  Baptista ES 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(3):304-312

Saliva appears as a defence mechanism, against potential negative effects of tannins, in some species of animals which have to deal with these plant secondary metabolites in their regular diets. This study was carried out to investigate changes in parotid saliva protein profiles of sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus), induced by condensed tannin ingestion. Five Merino sheep and five Serpentina goats were maintained on a quebracho tannin enriched diet for 10 days. Saliva was collected through catheters inserted on parotid ducts and salivary proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Matrix-assisted Laser desorption ionization - time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to identify the proteins whose expression levels changed after tannin consumption. Although no new proteins appeared, quebracho tannin consumption increased saliva total protein concentration and produced changes in the proteome of both species. While some proteins were similarly altered in both species parotid salivary protein profile, sheep and goats also presented species-specific differences in response to tannin consumption.  相似文献   

Occurrence of coligranulomatosis in coturnix quail in Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil     

P L da Silva  H E Coelho  S C Ribeiro  P R Oliveira 《Avian diseases》1989,33(3):590-593

The occurrence of coligranulomatosis in a Brazilian flock of 1500 8-to-12-month-old coturnix quail is described. The disease caused an 85% drop in egg production and 15% mortality. Lesions were located on the mesentery, intestines, gizzard, heart, oviducts, ovaries, and liver. Samples of these organs were submitted for bacteriological culture, isolation, identification, pathogenicity assay by inoculation of diluted cultures into healthy hens, and histopathology.  相似文献   

MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY IN CHESTNUT GROVES: THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL MANGANESE     

Ester Portela  Carlos Coelho Pires  José Louzada 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(3):452-460

In northeastern Portugal, it has been difficult to identify the threshold value of exchangeable magnesium (Mg) below which Mg deficiency occurs in chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.), since discrepancies have been observed in some areas, apparently associated with parent material. A regional survey was carried out in chestnut groves established in soils derived from bedrock of several geological formations, some of them rich in manganese (Mn). Leaf sampling and soil analysis were performed in 38 groves. The lowest value of foliar Mg concentration under good growing conditions was 1.8 g kg^?1 and the highest value in trees with Mg deficiency symptoms was 1.5 g kg^?1. Under acidic soil conditions higher levels of extractable Mn propitiate Mg deficiency. The soils need to reach higher exchangeable Mg (≥0.34 cmolc kg^?1) in order to supply Mg. For lower values of extractable Mn, the deficiency appears when exchangeable Mg is <0.20 cmolc kg^?1 of soil.  相似文献   

Lethal temperature for pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in infested wood using radio frequency (RF) energy     

Adnan Uzunovic  Brad Gething  Aaron Coelho  Angela Dale  John J. Janowiak  Ron Mack  Kelli Hoover 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(2):160-170

We evaluated radio frequency (RF) dielectric heating for eradication of pinewood nematodes (PWN) in infested wood. Thirteen temperatures were tested (from ambient to 70 °C) on small wood samples (2.5 × 3.8 × 0.64 cm) to determine the minimum lethal temperature (100 % mortality), which was 56 °C [based on infra-red (IR) thermal images data 55.5–57.4 °C] with a 1 min hold time. We also used thermal probes inside the wood to confirm that temperatures were ≥56 °C. Thirty additional samples were tested bracketing the minimum lethal temperature using 54, 56 and 58 °C with additional replications to produce the minimum sample size equivalent of 100 % mortality of at least 93,616 nematodes to satisfy the Probit 9 efficacy requirement. This minimum lethal temperature was further verified by treating infested large wood blocks (10.2 × 10.2 × 25.4 cm). All samples that met or exceeded the 56 °C lethal temperature for the required 1 min hold time (as measured by probes inserted in the wood and on the wood surface by IR) produced 100 % mortality. The sample size required to show Probit 9 efficacy was also satisfied. This study supports the consideration of RF in addition to microwave (MW) dielectric heating as alternative treatments of wood packaging material for inclusion in ISPM No. 15, provided the treatment delivers the target lethal temperature throughout the profile of the material in industrial scale operations.  相似文献