早期产蛋鸡的饲养管理     

Michael Coelho  韩玉刚  王齐 《中国畜牧兽医》2002,29(2):9-12

当前来航鸡不断改良正在满足市场的需要 ,当新的遗传品系出现后 ,诸如钙和磷的配比等问题就需要重新评比 ,本文主要介绍当前商品产蛋鸡钙磷的代谢以及骨、蛋壳对钙磷的需要等问题。1　营养的效果由于软蛋、产蛋量下降以及较高的死亡率而导致产蛋总量的下降对养鸡户来说是非常重要的。有几个营养因素影响笼养蛋鸡的疲劳和蛋壳质量 ,虽说钙、磷是主要因素 ,其他的如 VD3、氧化物以及电解质的平衡也应考虑 (表 1 )。表 1　影响蛋壳质量的几个因素因　　素影响蛋壳的质量日粮高钙 +大颗粒的钙源 +夜间饲喂大颗粒的钙源 +电解质中钠离子和氯离子…  相似文献   

钙和磷与早熟商品蛋鸡骨和蛋壳质量的关系     

刘仁和 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2002,(2):11-15

来杭型蛋鸡在不断地得到遗传改良以满足市场需求。新母鸡的成熟周龄在稳定步降，而产蛋量和蛋重则在不断增加。所以，营养管理也需要加以改变才能适应新品系遗传潜力的需要，在采用新型遗传系时，需要经常对钙、磷等的管理事项进行检查。  相似文献   

Evaluation of the sexual dimorphism in Mangalarga Marchador horses using discriminant analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Luís Fernando Batista Pinto  Fernando Queiroz de Almeida  Clia Raquel Quirino  Pedro Cezar Nehme de Azevedo  Grasiele Coelho Cabral  Edson Mauro Santos  Anderson Corassa 《Livestock Science》2008,119(1-3):161-166

This study used discriminant analysis to evaluate body measures and sexual dimorphism in Mangalarga Marchador horses. Discriminant analysis is a multivariate method that generates functions to classify animals using a prior criterion. In this study a prior criterion is male or female. The study analyzed 25 linear and 11 angular measures obtained from 25 stallions and 56 mares registered with the Mangalarga Marchador Brazilian Breeders Association. Knee girth, cannon girth, chest width, chest girth, back-loin length, hip width, distance from elbow to knee, hind limb hoof length, head width, shoulder length, and body length were found to be linear measures that provided evidence of sexual dimorphism. Angular measures with evidence of sexual dimorphism were shoulder–humerus, metacarpal–phalanx, coxae–femur, and femur–tibial angles. Stallions were larger than mares for almost all linear measures, except for back-loin length, hip width, and distance from elbow to knee. Shoulder–humerus and coxal–femur angles were larger in mares, while metacarpal–phalanx and femur–tibial angles were larger in stallions. Using linear measures, two mares were classified as stallions and three stallions were classified as mares. For angular measures, two other mares were classified as stallions and three other stallions were classified as mares. The discriminant functions can be useful for the selection of horses and to avoid registration of animals not meeting the phenotypic standards of the breed association.  相似文献   

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and resistance genes in faecal Escherichia coli isolates recovered from healthy pets   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Costa D  Poeta P  Sáenz Y  Coelho AC  Matos M  Vinué L  Rodrigues J  Torres C 《Veterinary microbiology》2008,127(1-2):97-105

Faecal samples of healthy dogs (n=39) and cats (n=36) obtained in Northern Portugal were seeded on Levine agar plates, and two Escherichia coli isolates per sample were recovered (78 of dogs and 66 of cats). The susceptibility to 16 antimicrobial agents was tested in this series of 144 E. coli isolates. Almost 20% of them showed tetracycline resistance and 12 and 15% presented ampicillin or streptomycin resistance, respectively. The percentage of resistance to the other antimicrobial agents was in all cases below 4%, and no resistant isolates were detected for ceftazidime, imipenem, cefoxitin or amikacin. Two isolates (from one dog) showed cefotaxime-resistance and harboured both the CTX-M-1 and OXA-30 beta-lactamases. A bla(TEM) gene was detected in 12 of 17 ampicillin-resistant isolates, the aac(3)-II gene in the three gentamicin-resistant isolates, aadA in 7 of 22 streptomycin-resistant isolates, and tet(A) and/or tet(B) gene in all 28 tetracycline-resistant isolates. The gene encoding class 1 integrase was detected in six E. coli isolates, including the four trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates and those two harbouring CTX-M-1 and OXA-30 beta-lactamases; different gene cassette arrangements were identified: dfrA1+aadA1 (two isolates), dfrA12+orfF+aadA2 (two isolates) and bla(OXA30)+aadA1 (two isolates). One amino acid change in GyrA protein (Ser83Leu or Asp87Tyr) was detected in four nalidixic acid-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates and two amino acid changes in GyrA (Ser83Leu+Asp87Asn) and one in ParC (Ser80Ile) were identified in one nalidixic acid- and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate. Faecal E. coli isolates of healthy pets could be a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes.  相似文献   

Comparison of the sedative effects of nalbuphine and butorphanol,alone or in combination with acepromazine in dogs     

Viviane H. Gomes  Renato LS. Oliveira  Juliana LR. Marques  Cassia MM. Coelho  Marta FA. Silva 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(1):68-72

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Serological prevalence of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in dogs diagnosed with suspected meningoencephalitis in the UK     

A. M. Coelho  G. Cherubini  A. De Stefani  A. Negrin  R. Gutierrez‐Quintana  E. Bersan  J. Guevar 《The Journal of small animal practice》2019,60(1):44-50

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Essential Oregano Oil as a Growth Promoter for the Yellowtail Tetra,Astyanax altiparanae     

Pollyanna de Moraes Frana Ferreira  Lidiane da Silva Nascimento  Devlynn Coelho Dias  Diogo Magalhes da Veiga Moreira  Ana Lúcia Salaro  Mariella Bontempo Duca de Freitas  Antonio Policarpo Souza Carneiro  Jener Alexandre Sampaio Zuanon 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(1):28-34

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oregano oil as a growth promoter for the yellowtail tetra, Astyanax altiparanae. The fish (1.46 ± 0.09 g) were distributed into twenty‐four 60‐L aquaria at a stocking density of 0.5 fish/L. Six isonitrogenous (350 g crude protein/kg) and isocaloric (4272 kcal gross energy/kg) diets containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/kg of oregano oil were evaluated. At the end of 90 d there was a quadratic effect of oregano oil levels for weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and carcass weight, and the estimated values to maximize these variables were between 0.2 and 0.6 g/kg. There was also a quadratic effect on the feed conversion ratio, and the estimated value to improve this variable was 0.62 g/kg. A positive linear effect of the treatments was observed for muscle glycogen. With increased levels of oregano oil in the diet, there was a reduction in dry matter and ether extract and an increase in the protein content of the carcass. Thus, it can be concluded that oregano oil, at the level of 0.5 g/kg, acts as a growth promoter for A. altiparanae by improving growth performance and carcass composition.  相似文献   

The effects of foliar spray application of silicon on plant damage levels and components of larval biology of the pest butterfly Chlosyne lacinia saundersii (Nymphalidae)     

F. A. Assis  J. C. Moraes  A. M. Auad  M. Coelho 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(2):128-134

We investigated sunflower leaf palatability to Chlosyne lacinia saundersii Doubleday & Hewitson (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in plants treated with silicon (Si) and subjected to mechanical injury. We also examined the effects of those treatments on plant development. The experimental study was carried out as a completely randomized design, consisting of the six treatments (10 replicates each): (1) control, (2) plants mechanically injured, (3) Si applied around the plant stem (Si drench), (4) Si drench + injured, (5) Si drench + foliar spray, and (6) Si drench + foliar spray + injured. Si drench + injured significantly reduced the percentage of caterpillar-injured leaves (CIL), leaf area consumed (LAC), and caterpillar weight (CW), leading to increased caterpillar mortality. The only intrinsic plant characteristic affected by the treatments was Si content (SiC), which was higher in plants treated with either Si drench + foliar spray or Si drench + foliar spray + injured. Negative correlations were observed between SiC and the variables CIL, LAC and CW, whereas positive correlations were observed between CIL and LAC, CIL and CW, and LAC and CW. The treatment strategy of Si combined with artificial mechanical injury affects leaf palatability and development of C. lacinia saundersii, conferring resistance to sunflower plants as a function of Si accumulation, although it did not increase crop vegetative variables.  相似文献   

Neospora caninum DNA detection by TaqMan real-time PCR assay in experimentally infected pregnant heifers     

Gabriel Ribas Pereira  Fernanda Silveira Flores Vogel  Rodrigo Camponogara Bohrer  Janduí Escarião da Nóbrega  Gustavo Freitas Ilha  Paulo Roberto Antunes da Rosa  Werner Giehl Glanzner  Giovana Camillo  Patricia Braunig  João Francisco Coelho de Oliveira  Paulo Bayard Dias Gonçalves 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):129-135

Neosporosis has been considered the main cause of abortion between the first and the second trimester of pregnancy in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the presence of Neospora caninum DNA obtained from experimental models based on the evaluation of different areas of the fetal nervous system and organs from heifers previously inoculated with NC-1 after or before insemination. This study was performed with Hereford × Nelore (n = 29) heifers and all animals were considered free of diseases at the beginning of the experiment. All animals were bred by fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) and allocated as follows: (a) seronegative heifers subjected to TAI (TAI, n = 9), (b) heifers infected with N. caninun 60 days prior to TAI (NC-1 + TAI, n = 9), and (c) heifers submitted to TAI and infected with N. caninum 60 days later (TAI + NC-1, n = 11). The pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal ultrasonography 35 days after TAI and evaluated every 30 days until the end of gestation. Fetuses were collected surgically at 170 days of gestation, and immediately necropsied to remove tissues aseptically. Samples of the central nervous system (CNS), heart, kidney, lung, liver, skeletal muscle and caruncle were collected for DNA extraction. Days of gestation at abortion and interval from abortion to first insemination were examined by Student's t-test. At 35 days of gestation the pregnancy rates in the group NC-1 + TAI (4/9, 44.4%) was lower than in the control group (8/9, 88.8%, P < 0.05). At 60 days, the pregnancy rates in the NC-1 + TAI group (0/4, 0%) was lower compared to TAI + NC-1 (5/7, 71.4%) and control (6/8, 75.0%) groups (P < 0.05). Animals from the group NC-1 + TAI were re-inseminated 60 days after the first TAI. After pregnancy losses throughout the study, 5 animals (TAI), 3 animals (NC-1 + TAI) and 5 animals (TAI + NC-1) maintained pregnancy until 170 days of gestation. TaqMan RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of N. caninum DNA in the medulla and right posterior cortex in 3 out of 5 fetuses from the TAI + NC-1 group. We concluded that heifers infected after TAI had a higher incidence of the parasite at the fetus CNS. Identification of N. caninum by TaqMan RT-PCR would assist in the investigation of infection and in the evaluation of vaccines or therapeutic drugs to control neosporosis in cattle.  相似文献   

Nitrogen mineralization from an organically managed soil and nitrogen accumulation in lettuce     

Henrique M. Ribeiro  David Fangueiro  Fátima Alves  Rita Ventura  Dulce Coelho  Ernesto Vasconcelos  Cristina Cunha‐Queda  João Coutinho  Fernanda Cabral 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(2):260-267

The potential of an organically managed Cambic Arenosol to supply nitrogen (N) from either an applied commercial organic fertilizer (granulated hen manure), a compost produced on‐farm, or four different mixtures of both fertilizers was studied in a laboratory incubation and a pot experiment with lettuce. In the incubation experiment, a significant higher apparent N mineralization occurred after hen‐manure application (53.4% of the organic N applied) compared to compost (4.5%) or mixed‐fertilizer application (8.7% to 16.7%). The apparent N mineralization in a mixed treatment consisting of compost and half rate of hen manure (15.4% of the organic N applied) was significantly higher than that estimated based on the N mineralization for compost and hen‐manure treatments (7.6%), proving that a combined application of both fertilizers enhanced organic‐N mineralization when compared to separate fertilizer supply. In the pot experiment, a higher lettuce fresh‐matter yield was obtained with hen manure (1.9 kg m^–2) than with compost (1.7 kg m^–2) or unfertilized control treatment (1.3 kg m^–2). Combined application of compost with only a half rate of hen manure led to yields (2.0 kg m^–2) equal to those obtained with only hen manure. A good correlation was observed between the N‐mineralization incubation data and the N accumulated by lettuce plants in the pot experiment (r = 0.983). Hence, in the organic production of baby‐leaf lettuce, a mixture of compost and hen manure appears to be a good fertilization alternative, since it allows a reduction by half of the typical amount of commercial fertilizer usually applied (granulated hen manure), cutting fertilization costs, and providing an amount of available N that allows maintaining lettuce yields.  相似文献