Cardiovascular Function and Serum Catecholamine Concentrations after Anesthesia and Surgery in the Dog     

CLARENCE A. RAWLINGS DVM  PhD  DiplomateACVS    RANDALL L. TACKETT PhD    DALE E. BJORLING DVM  MS  DiplomateACVS  TOM H. ARNOLD Jr.  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1989,18(4):255-260

Peripheral vasoconstriction and plasma catecholamine concentrations were studied in 37 dogs after cervical disc fenestration and salivary gland excision, laparotomy for intestinal anastomoses and cystotomy, or laparotomy for repair of diaphragmatic rupture, gastrotomy, and pyloromyotomy. Meperidine (4.4 mg/kg) was administered before extubation of 12 dogs undergoing laparotomy. Heart rate, respiratory frequency, indirect blood pressure, rectal temperature, toe web temperature, and plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine were determined before induction of anesthesia, after intubation, after extubation, at sternal recumbency, and at standing. All dogs were hypothermic during surgery. After surgery, peripheral hypothermia (large rectal-toe web temperature gradients) increased from a mean of 4.6 degrees C after intubation to a mean of 10.4 degrees C when the dogs initially stood. Heart and respiratory rates and blood pressures during recovery were similar to those before anesthesia. Mean plasma catecholamine concentrations were neither significantly higher during recovery than before surgery nor were they increased in any surgical group, including the dogs not treated with meperidine. After anesthesia, 15% of the epinephrine and 12% of the norepinephrine samples were more than two standard deviations above the mean of the preanesthetic concentrations of all dogs. The ratio of all dogs with an epinephrine concentration more than two standard deviations above the mean of baseline epinephrine concentrations was greater at sternal recumbency than before anesthesia and the ratio of dogs with an increased epinephrine concentration at sternal recumbency was greater in the laparotomy dogs (9 of 24) than in the cervical surgery dogs (0 of 12).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

The biologic effects of bacterial endotoxin: A short review     

R. Culbertson Jr.  B. I. Osburn 《Veterinary research communications》1980,4(1):3-14

This short reveiw considers some of the more widely accepted biological actions of bacterial endotoxin. Early sections concern endotoxin chemical composition, assay techniques, and species variation in toxigenicity. Individual specific actions and classical endotoxin-induced phenomena are presented under headings of pyrogenic effect, hemodynamic effects, disseminated intravascular coagulation, complement system effects, induction of the generalized Shwartzman reaction, effects upon cellular constituents of blood, metabolic and endocrinologic effects, immunologic effects, nervous system effects, hepatic effects, and abortifacient action. The relationship of these effects to clinical manifestations is discussed where warranted.  相似文献   

X-Chromosomal Monosomy (77, XO) in a Doberman Pinscher With Gonadal Dysgenesis     

F. W. K. Smith Jr  DVM  L. C. Buoen BA    A. F. Weber DVM  PhD    S. D. Johnston DVM  PhD    J. F. Randolph DVM  D. J. Waters DVM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1989,3(2):90-95

A 6-month-old stunted female Doberman Pinscher was found to have a 77,X0 chromosomal complement. The ovaries were small, consisting primarily of interstitial-type cells and solid epithelial cords. The dam, sire, and a male littermate had normal karyotypes.  相似文献   

Utilization of a habitat mosaic by cotton rats during a population decline     

W. Z. Lidicker Jr.  J. O. Wolff  L. N. Lidicker  M. H. Smith 《Landscape Ecology》1992,6(4):259-268

This study describes the demographic features of a population of Sigmodon hispidus utilizing the habitat mosaic provided by a Carolina Bay on the Atlantic coastal plain of South Carolina. A total of 71 cotton rats were captured 160 times on a 4 ha grid during a winter decline from 25/ha to less that 1/ha. Body weights of adults declined until early February and then increased; those of subadults grew very slowly until February followed by a spurt in growth. Weight gain did not differ between survivors and non-survivors for males, but female survivors gained 1.5 g per week more than non-survivors. Female subadults exhibited higher mortality early in the decline and males later.Adult females were randomly distributed across 8 microhabitats, whereas adult males were almost exclusively confined to heavy Rubus cover. Subadult males used wet sites more than any other cohort; subadult females were widely distributed using drier sites most frequently. By the end of the decline, all survivors were localized in Rubus-dominated patches. No statistically significant changes in electromorph genotypes or allele frequencies were detected, but survivors had a higher frequency of the F-allele at the adenylate kinase locus than did non-survivors (42.3% vs. 16.7%).Our findings affirm the importance of a landscape perspective in understanding the population dynamics of cotton rats, and show how a habitat mosaic influences survival differentially among sex-age cohorts.  相似文献   

Instrumentation of Exercising Thoroughbreds to Determine Blood Gas Tensions and Acid-base Status     

L. P. TATE Jr.  VMD  Diplomate ACVS  W. T. CORBETT VMD  PhD    J. H. FOREMAN dvm  MS    B. J. BISHOP vmd  C. L. SWEENEY dvm 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1993,22(3):171-176

A device was constructed of easily obtained medical supplies, and hardware and could be used to obtain multiple arterial samples when manually triggered. The right carotid arteries in five normal horses were surgically elevated, thereby permitting percutaneous cannulation. Each horse was galloped on a 1.6-km test track at approximately 500 m/min, and the rider triggered the mechanism at each 0.4-km mark. Each horse underwent 10 test gallops, and a mean and standard error was determined for each sampling mark including preexercise and postexercise samples. The results indicated that horses ridden under the aforementioned conditions became acidemic and hypoxic.  相似文献   

A dietary etiology for osteochondrotic cartilage     

M.J. Glade PhD  T.H. Belling Jr. DVM 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1986,6(3)

Samples of distal lateral radial growth plate cartilage were serially harvested from weanling Thoroughbreds after 0,3,6 and 9 months on diets providing either 100% or 130% of energy and protein requirements. The higher plane of nutrition was associated with decreased cartilage hexosamine and hydroxyproline contents and increased DNA contents. Similar observations followed the postmortem harvesting of humeral and radial articular cartilages after 9 months. These findings are consistent with previous reports suggesting that high-energy diets induce osteochondrotic changes in the cartilage of weanling horses.  相似文献   

Computer simulation of long-term carbon storage patterns in Florida slash pine plantations     

Wendell P. Cropper  Katherine Carter Ewel 《Forest Ecology and Management》1983,6(2):101-114

We developed a computer model to simulate carbon storage in managed slash pine plantations in Florida. The model is based on ecosystem level carbon dynamics and land use data structured by age class of planted trees. Based on a scenario of constant planting at the average level (1952–1979), Florida slash pine forests would store carbon at the rate of 2.81 × 10⁶ t year^?1. However, simulated carbon storage is sensitive to the age class distribution of the forests. There will be a 10⁶ t year^?1 decrease in carbon storage between 1980 and 1987, due to reduced levels of planting during the past decade. This trend is relatively independent of current planting levels.  相似文献   

Further studies on the efficacy of tylosin tablets for the treatment of pyoderma due to Staphylococcus intermedius infection in dogs.          下载免费PDF全文

D W Scott  W H Miller  Jr  S E Rothstein    M S Bagladi 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1996,37(10):617-618

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RADIATION EXPOSURE DURING EQUINE RADIOGRAPHY     

N. Ackerman  DVM  C. P. Spencer  DVM  D.A. Hager  DVM  P.W. Poulos  Jr  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1988,29(5):198-201

All personnel present in the X-ray examination room during equine radiography were monitored using low energy direct reading ionization chambers (pockets dosimeters) worn outside the lead apron at neck level. The individuals' task and dosimeter readings were recorded after each examination. Average doses ranged from 0 to 6 mrad per study. The greatest exposures were associated with radiography of the shoulder and averaged less than 4 mrad. The individual extending the horse's limb was at greatest risk although the individual holding the horse's halter and the one making the X-ray exposure received similar exposures.
A survey of the overhead tube assembly used for some of the X-ray examinations also was performed. Meter readings obtained indicated an asymetric dose distribution around the tube assembly, with the highest dose occurring on the side to which the exposure cord was attached.
Although the exposures observed were within acceptable limits for occupational workers, we have altered our protocol and no longer radiograph the equine shoulder unless the horse is anesthetized. Continued use of the pocket dosimeters and maintenance of a case record of radiation exposure appears to make the technologists more aware of radiation hazards.  相似文献   

Comparative reproductive biology of North American feral horses     

Jay F. Kirkpatrick PhD  John W. Turner Jr. PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1986,6(5)

Recent studies have suggested that various aspects of reproductive biology are strikingly different among the many herds of feral horses and ponies (E. caballus) in North America. The greatest differences include (1) sharply seasonal versus year-round mating and foaling patterns, (2) mare behavior at the time of parturition, (3) forced copulation and incest, (4) exclusive breeding by a single harem stallion vs breeding by two or more stallions, and (5) fecundity. The causes for these differences are discussed in terms of genetic origins of the various herds, the length of time each herd has been in a free-roaming state and subject to the forces of natural selection, the ecology of the ranges inhabited by these horses, population density, and sex ratios.  相似文献