Effects of repeated biopsying on muscle tissue in horses     

Lindner A  Dag S  Marti-Korff S  Quiroz-Rothe E  López Rivero JL  Drommer W 《Equine veterinary journal》2002,34(6):619-624

The collection of muscle samples in horses to estimate their performance potential, adaptations to training and diagnosis of exertional myopathies is of increasing interest. This study was designed to examine whether repeated biopsying of the gluteus medius muscle at 7 week intervals alters morphology and muscle fibre variables in the sampling area. The gluteus had been biopsied 3 times previously, each biopsy separated by a 7 week interval. Seven weeks after the last biopsy, this study was initiated. Percutaneous needle biopsies were taken from left and right muscles at 2 depths (2 and 6 cm) and at 2 sites for each depth (22 and 25 cm from the tuber coxae) of 7 mature Thoroughbreds. The 22 cm site was located close (2 cm caudal) to an area of the muscle that had been biopsied previously. The 25 cm site was 5 cm apart from this area. A total of 52 samples were available for histology, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The latter was used to study percentages, sizes and capillaries of muscle fibre types. Most muscle samples collected (75%) had normal morphology, but the remaining 25% showed signs of muscle repair. In some circumstances, they showed regenerative signs of complete muscle repair, while in others ineffective muscle repair (scar formation) was evident. Nevertheless, sufficient normal tissue was always available for measuring routine muscle variables. Samples collected 3 cm laterally apart showed large differences with regard to muscle fibre type variables examined. These results show that repeated muscle samples in intervals of 7 weeks do not have effects that would impair evaluation of muscle fibre variables for diagnosis of effectivity of conditioning programmes. Furthermore, they emphasise that the only way of keeping variations through sample collection technique small is to standardise all biopsying techniques accurately.  相似文献   

Distribution patterns of DDT residues in the Sierra Nevada Mountains     

L Cory  P Fjeld  W Serat 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1970,3(4):204-211

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Surgical correction of angular deformities of the radius and ulna following malunion fractures     

T Fjeld 《Nordisk veterinaermedicin》1985,37(5):273-285

Correction of angular deformities in 14 cases of malunion fractures in the canine radius and ulna is described. Angular deformities were most frequently seen in small breeds of dogs following transverse diaphyseal fractures. The most common disorders were valgus and recurvation. Following preoperative planning and measurement of the components of the deformity, reconstructive osteotomy and stable, internal plate fixation was performed. Postoperative follow up time was approximately 32.9 months. On control, 8 dogs showed no lameness, 4 were slightly lame after exercise and 2 dogs turned out to be permanently lame at the end of the follow up investigation.  相似文献   

Potential environmental effects of probiotics used in aquaculture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Diego Iribarren  Paula Dagá  María Teresa Moreira  Gumersindo Feijoo 《Aquaculture International》2012,20(4):779-789

Probiotics are a live microbial feed supplement that beneficially affects the host animal. As aquaculture is one of the main areas where probiotics can be applied, the environmental suitability of using probiotics in hatching and nursing facilities for turbot farming was evaluated through the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. This LCA study showed that the potential environmental impacts associated with probiotic production are generally offset by the impact reductions linked to lower consumption levels and reduced waste and emission generation rates within the hatching and nursing subsystem. Thus, the use of probiotics is recommended in order to enhance the performance of turbot aquaculture systems provided that operational and economic advantages are attained.  相似文献   

Bioencapsulated probiotics increased survival, growth and improved gut flora of turbot (Psetta maxima) larvae     

P. Dagá  G. Feijoo  M. T. Moreira  D. Costas  A. G. Villanueva  J. M. Lema 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(2):337-345

Bacterial diseases are probably the major cause of mortality in aquaculture. The use of probiotics is one of the solutions to manage bacterial infections, by preventing the colonization and exclusion of pathogenic bacteria. The effect of two selected probiotics in turbot (Psetta maxima) larvae was evaluated. Turbot larvae were reared on three different dietary treatments consisting of newly hatched Artemia nauplii from day 16 to 34 post-hatch. Groups A and B were fed with Artemia-containing probiotics FAA and FAB, respectively, and group C was control group. Results indicated that the addition of probiotics increased survival and promoted turbot growth, showing that they were beneficial for the aquaculture of turbot. Moreover, turbot fed with bioencapsulated probiotics attained higher percentages of survival during its development.  相似文献   

Atlantic cod (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gadus morhua</Emphasis>) larvae can biosynthesis phospholipid de novo from 2-oleoyl-glycerol and glycerol precursors     

Keshuai Li  Rolf Erik Olsen  Mari-Ann Østensen  Dag Altin  Elin Kjørsvik  Yngvar Olsen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2016,42(1):137-147

The dietary requirement of phospholipid (PL) of fish larvae has been suggested to originate in an inefficient ability for de novo biosynthesis of PL based on dietary triacylglycerol (TAG). The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether cod larvae could synthesis PL from sn-2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) and glycerol precursors. A tube feeding method was used to deliver equal molar aliquots of 2-oleoyl-[1,2,3-³H]glycerol and [U-¹⁴C] glycerol together with bovine serum albumin (BSA) bound 16:0 (palmitic acid) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid, DHA), with or without choline chloride to the foregut of anesthetized cod larvae and thereafter monitoring the metabolism of these components in the larvae through 4 h following injection. Our results showed that both 2-MAG and glycerol precursors contributed to the de novo synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the 2-MAG pathway predominated over the G-3-P (glycerol-3-phosphate) pathway in the synthesis of TAG and PC. The molecular ratio of PC/TAG obtained from the 2-MAG and the G-3-P pathways was 0.44–0.74 and 1.02–2.06 within the first hour of tube feeding, suggesting they might have comparable biosynthesis ability of PC and TAG under the conditions of the present study. Furthermore, supplementation of choline chloride significantly increased PC/TAG ratio (p < 0.05) for both pathways. However, further studies are needed to quantify the enzyme activity involved in the CDP-choline (cytidine diphosphate choline) pathway, and the function of choline either in simulating PC synthesis or TAG catabolism or both needs further investigation.  相似文献   

Saving the largest makes a difference: exploring effects of harvest regulations by model simulations for noble crayfish,Astacus astacus     

D. SADYKOVA  J. SKURDAL  Dag O. HESSEN  T. SCHWEDER 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2011,18(4):307-313

Abstract Harvesting regulations for crustacean decapods generally focus on total catch and minimum legal size of individuals. However, there are trade‐offs between total catch and minimum size, and possibly also for maximum size. The outcome of various harvesting restrictions was assessed by model iterations for one lake based on a long time series (29 years) of crayfish population size and annual harvesting. The paper explores how this decline might have been avoided by alternative harvest regulations based on a strong decline in the surveyed population and use of a deterministic model with two stable equilibria. The results of the model simulations suggested that the decline may have been avoided by reducing the annual catches by 15% without changing the minimum size regulation of 95 mm. The decline may also have been avoided by protecting the largest (and most fecund) individuals, e.g. by allowing harvesting of crayfish between 50 and 98 mm without reducing the total catches. The latter strategy might also have counteracted a long‐term evolution towards smaller crayfish caused by selective harvesting of the largest individuals.  相似文献   

Evaluating water stress in irrigated olives: correlation of soil water status,tree water status,and thermal imagery     

Alon Ben-Gal  Nurit Agam  Victor Alchanatis  Yafit Cohen  Uri Yermiyahu  Isaac Zipori  Eugene Presnov  Michael Sprintsin  Arnon Dag 《Irrigation Science》2009,27(5):367-376

Irrigation of olive orchards is challenged to optimize both yields and oil quality. Best management practices for olive irrigation will likely depend on the ability to maintain mild to moderate levels of water stress during at least some parts of the growing season. We examined a number of soil, plant and remote sensing parameters for evaluating water stress in bearing olive (var. Barnea) trees in Israel. The trees were irrigated with five water application treatments (30, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of potential evapotranspiration) and the measurements of soil water content and potential, mid-day stem water potential, and stomatal resistance were taken. Remote thermal images of individual trees were used to alternatively measure average canopy temperature and to calculate the tree’s crop water stress index (CWSI), testing empirical and analytical approaches. A strong non-linear response showing similar trends and behavior was evident in soil and plant water status measurements as well as in the CWSI, with decreasing rates of change at the higher irrigation application levels. No statistically significant difference was found between the analytical and the empirical CWSI, suggesting that the relative simplicity of the analytical method would make it preferable in practical applications.  相似文献   

Tagging experiments with salmonids     

Terje Refstie  Dag Aulstad 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1975,5(4):367-374

In order to find an efficient method for marking fish a tagging experiment has been carried out at the Fish Breeding Experimental Station, Sunndalsøra, Norway. Three different methods have been tried: jaw-tagging, cold-branding and tattooing with two different types of dye. During the winter 1972/1973 relatively large numbers of rainbow trout (12 602), sea trout (2 065) and salmon (13 141) were marked using the three marking methods mentioned. It was found that cold-branding with liquid nitrogen was the most rapid and inexpensive method for marking salmonids; after about one year between 87 and 92% of the fish can be identified.For cold-branding rainbow trout and sea trout an exposure time of 3 sec is too long.Tattooing with fluorescent pigments gave poor results in this experiment but could be a useful method for marking salmonids if a device could be constructed that tattoos bigger spots.Fast blue is not recommended for marking fast-growing salmonids.  相似文献   

The influence of bearing cycles on olive oil quality response to irrigation     

Ben-Gal A  Dag A  Basheer L  Yermiyahu U  Zipori I  Kerem Z 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(21):11667-11675

Five rates of water application were applied in a 4 year study on olive (Olea europaea) varieties 'Barnea' and 'Souri'. Increased irrigation lead to increased tree-scale oil yields, lower polyphenol content, and, frequently, higher oil acidity. These effects were predominant in "off" years. The fatty acid profile was influenced primarily by bearing level and variety and secondarily by irrigation rate. The saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio was higher in "off" than in "on" years, and the monounsaturated fatty acid to polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio was higher in "on" years as a result of the fact that oleic and stearic acids were higher in "on" years, while palmitic, palmitoleic, and linoleic acids were greater in "off" years. Squalene was higher in 'Souri' than in 'Barnea' oils, was not affected by bearing cycle, and was consistently lower in oil from trees receiving the lowest irrigation level.  相似文献