A chemometric approach to the comparison of different sample treatments for metals determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy in aceto Balsamico tradizionale di Modena     

Cocchi M  Franchini G  Manzini D  Manfredini M  Marchetti A  Ulrici A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(13):4047-4056

A comparison of different digestion procedures has been carried out for the analysis of metal concentration in samples of vinegars and Aceto Balsamico Tradizionale of Modena (ABTM) coming from an unique barrel set. In particular, classical wet, dry ashing, and closed vessel microwave digestion procedure have been utilized and compared for each investigated species. In a few cases, direct metal determination on ABTM (without treatment procedure) is proposed as possible alternative to sample manipulation. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the quantification of iron and zinc, while graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used for all the other elements (i.e., chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium, and lead). The comparison among the different sample treatments was carried out by the use of statistical and chemometric tools. In particular, principal component analysis and ANOVA approaches were used to discriminate between the diverse analytical methods. Furthermore, for all the dissolving techniques, the analytical metal recovery was always evaluated by the application of the recovery function on the same sample matrix. In general, the recoveries were fairly good, ranging from 90 to 103%, except for Cd and Pb with dry ashing, which showed recovery values close to 55% and 67%, respectively. As regards the metals concentration of the investigated samples, the experimental data reveal for some species the presence of concentration slightly over the legal limit fixed for wine and wine vinegar.  相似文献   

Induction of de novo volatile terpene biosynthesis via cytosolic and plastidial pathways by methyl jasmonate in foliage of Vitis vinifera L     

Hampel D  Mosandl A  Wüst M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(7):2652-2657

The terpene biosynthesis in leaves of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Morio Muskat was studied using methyl jasmonate to induce defensive responses in vivo. The experiments demonstrated the strong activation of the de novo biosynthesis of terpenoids via the octadecanoid-signaling cascade and release of the compounds to the gas phase. Feeding experiments with [5,5-(2)H(2)]-1-deoxy-d-xylulose and [5,5-(2)H(2)]mevalonic acid lactone allowed the investigation of the dynamic allocation of resources via the mevalonic acid and 1-deoxy-d-xylulose/2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway under induced conditions and after treatment with the specific inhibitors mevastatin and fosmidomycin. The experiments reveal that monoterpenes are almost exclusively synthesized via the DOXP/MEP pathway, whereas sesquiterpenes are generated via both pathways at approximately equal rates. The biosynthesis of the homoterpene (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene was not affected by mevastatine or fosmidomycin.  相似文献   

Response of hydroponic lettuce to aeration,nitrate and potassium in the nutrient solution     

Daniela Alvarado-Camarillo  José Antonio González-Fuentes  Emilio Rascón-Alvarado  Fidel Maximiano Peña-Ramos 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2020,70(4):341-348

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Transcriptome analyses of Populus x euramericana clone I-214 leaves exposed to excess zinc     

Di Baccio D  Galla G  Bracci T  Andreucci A  Barcaccia G  Tognetti R  Sebastiani L 《Tree physiology》2011,31(12):1293-1308

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A soil chronosequence in the semi-arid environment of Patagonia (Argentina)     

Daniela Sauer  Gerhard Schellmann  Karl Stahr 《CATENA》2007,71(3):382

Soil development with time was investigated on beach ridges with ages ranging from about 1380 to 6240 ¹⁴C-years BP at the eastern coast of central Patagonia. The main pedogenic processes are accumulation of organic matter and carbonate leaching and accumulation within the upper part of the soils. Soil formation is strongly influenced by incorporation of eolian sediments into the interstitial spaces between the gravel of which the beach ridges are composed. Different amounts of eolian material in the soils lead to differentiation into Leptosols (containing ≤ 10% fine earth in the upper 75 cm) and Regosols (containing > 10% fine earth). Soil depth functions and chronofunctions of organic carbon, calcium carbonate, pH, Ca:Zr, Mg:Zr, K:Zr, Na:Zr, Fe:Zr, Mn:Zr, and Si:Al (obtained from X-ray fluorescence analysis) were evaluated. To establish soil chronofunctions mean values of the horizon data of 0–10 cm below the desert pavement were used, which were weighted according to the horizon thicknesses. The depth function of pH shows a decrease towards the surface, indicating leaching of bases from the upper centimeters. Chronofunctions of pH show that within 6000 radiocarbon years of soil development pH drops from 7.0 to 6.6 in the Leptosols and from 8.1 to 7.5 in the Regosols. The higher pH of the Regosols is due to input of additional bases from the eolian sediments. Chronofunctions of Ca:Zr and K:Zr indicate progressive leaching of Ca and K in the Regosols, showing close relationships to time (R² = 0.972 and 0.995). Na leaching as indicated by decreasing Na:Zr ratios shows a strong correlation to time only in the Leptosols (R² = 0.999). Both, Leptosols and Regosols show close relationships to time for Fe:Zr (R² = 0.817 and 0.824), Mn:Zr (R² = 0.940 and 0.803), and Si:Al (0.971 and 0.977), indicating enrichment of Fe and Mn and leaching of Si. Leaching of mobile elements takes place on a higher level in the Regosols than in the Leptosols from the beginning of soil formation. Hence, a significant part of the eolian sediments must have been incorporated into the beach ridges very soon after their formation.  相似文献   

Composition of suberin extracted upon gradual alkaline methanolysis of Quercus suber L. cork     

Lopes MH  Gil AM  Silvestre AJ  Neto CP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(2):383-391

The monomeric composition of suberin extracts obtained by gradual alkaline methanolysis of Quercus suber cork was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results show that 1-alkanols and alkanoic and alpha,omega-alkanedioic acids are preferentially removed upon mild alkaline conditions, whereas mid-chain-modified omega-hydroxyalkanoic acids are preferentially removed under stronger alkaline conditions. Saturated omega-hydroxyalkanoic acids are found to be abundant in all suberin extracts. These results are consistent with two distinct suberin fractions with different locations in cork cell walls and/or esterification degrees. It is proposed that these fractions correlate with the two main suberin peaks in the solid state (13)C NMR spectra of cork and suberin extracts. Quantitative GC-MS analysis showed that suberin monomers comprise approximately 30% (w/w) of the suberin extracts, the remaining comprising nonvolatile structures with high M(n) values, as measured by vapor pressure osmometry. The presence of a large fraction of high molecular weight aliphatic structures in suberin extracts is supported by the corresponding NMR spectra.  相似文献   

The self-incompatible RNase S-alleles of Brazilian apple cultivars   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Celso Lopes de Albuquerque  Frederico Denardi  Adriana Cibele de Mesquita Dantas  Rubens Onofre Nodari 《Euphytica》2011,181(2):277-284

Apple plants are self-incompatible because a genetic mechanism allows the female reproductive organ to recognize and reject self-pollen or pollen from genetic related individuals and allows non-self pollen to effect fertilization. Thus, there are implications to both breeding strategies and orchard management for fruit production. The purpose of this study was to identify and to characterize the S-RNase alleles of the gametophytic incompatibility among apple cultivars developed in Brazil, seeking to give support for choosing right combinations of parent in the apple breeding programs. It also sought to identify correct combinations of scion/pollinator cultivars of commercial apple orchards. A total of 16 specific S-RNase alleles primers were tested against DNA extracted from 12 Brazilian cultivars and their parents. The molecular analysis confronted to the reference cultivars, showed that the cultivars Daiane, Imperatriz and Princesa have the same incompatibility S3 and S5 alleles, while ‘Lisgala’ showed the alleles S2 and S5; ‘Suprema’, S1 and S9; ‘Catarina’, S1 and S19; ‘Joaquina’ and ‘Fred Hough’, S5 and S19; ‘Baronesa’, S3 and S9; ‘Duquesa’, S2 and S3. For ‘Primícia’ and ‘Condessa’ it was only possible to identify one of the S-alleles, namely S24 and S2, respectively, with the second allele remaining to be identified. Progeny test indicated the Mendelian inheritance for RNase alleles. Results of this study will be helpful to judiciously choose parents in apple breeding programs to improve compatibility.  相似文献   

Io volcanism seen by new horizons: a major eruption of the Tvashtar volcano     

Spencer JR  Stern SA  Cheng AF  Weaver HA  Reuter DC  Retherford K  Lunsford A  Moore JM  Abramov O  Lopes RM  Perry JE  Kamp L  Showalter M  Jessup KL  Marchis F  Schenk PM  Dumas C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5848):240-243

Jupiter's moon Io is known to host active volcanoes. In February and March 2007, the New Horizons spacecraft obtained a global snapshot of Io's volcanism. A 350-kilometer-high volcanic plume was seen to emanate from the Tvashtar volcano (62 degrees N, 122 degrees W), and its motion was observed. The plume's morphology and dynamics support nonballistic models of large Io plumes and also suggest that most visible plume particles condensed within the plume rather than being ejected from the source. In images taken in Jupiter eclipse, nonthermal visible-wavelength emission was seen from individual volcanoes near Io's sub-Jupiter and anti-Jupiter points. Near-infrared emission from the brightest volcanoes indicates minimum magma temperatures in the 1150- to 1335-kelvin range, consistent with basaltic composition.  相似文献   

Mitotic Golgi partitioning is driven by the membrane-fissioning protein CtBP3/BARS     

Hidalgo Carcedo C  Bonazzi M  Spanò S  Turacchio G  Colanzi A  Luini A  Corda D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5680):93-96

Organelle inheritance is an essential feature of all eukaryotic cells. As with other organelles, the Golgi complex partitions between daughter cells through the fission of its membranes into numerous tubulovesicular fragments. We found that the protein CtBP3/BARS (BARS) was responsible for driving the fission of Golgi membranes during mitosis in vivo. Moreover, by in vitro analysis, we identified two stages of this Golgi fragmentation process: disassembly of the Golgi stacks into a tubular network, and BARS-dependent fission of these tubules. Finally, this BARS-induced fission of Golgi membranes controlled the G2-to-prophase transition of the cell cycle, and hence cell division.  相似文献   

Radar soundings of the subsurface of Mars   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Picardi G  Plaut JJ  Biccari D  Bombaci O  Calabrese D  Cartacci M  Cicchetti A  Clifford SM  Edenhofer P  Farrell WM  Federico C  Frigeri A  Gurnett DA  Hagfors T  Heggy E  Herique A  Huff RL  Ivanov AB  Johnson WT  Jordan RL  Kirchner DL  Kofman W  Leuschen CJ  Nielsen E  Orosei R  Pettinelli E  Phillips RJ  Plettemeier D  Safaeinili A  Seu R  Stofan ER  Vannaroni G  Watters TR  Zampolini E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5756):1925-1928

The martian subsurface has been probed to kilometer depths by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding instrument aboard the Mars Express orbiter. Signals penetrate the polar layered deposits, probably imaging the base of the deposits. Data from the northern lowlands of Chryse Planitia have revealed a shallowly buried quasi-circular structure about 250 kilometers in diameter that is interpreted to be an impact basin. In addition, a planar reflector associated with the basin structure may indicate the presence of a low-loss deposit that is more than 1 kilometer thick.  相似文献