Effect of short‐term fasting and re‐feeding on growth,digestive enzyme activities and antioxidant defence in yellowfin seabream,Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782)     

Rezvan Tamadoni  Mahmoud Nafisi Bahabadi  Vahid Morshedi  Dara Bagheri  Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(4):1437-1445

An 80‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of different short‐term fasting and re‐feeding strategies on growth and physiological responses in yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus latus (2.4 ± 0.2 g) fingerlings. The fish were subjected to four different feeding regimes, and the control group fed four times daily to apparent satiation throughout the whole feeding period, while the other three groups were deprived for 2, 4 and 8 days followed by 8, 16 or 32 days of re‐feeding (F₂R₈, F₄R₁₆ and F₈R₃₂, respectively) in repeated cycles for 80 days. The fish in the control and F₂R₈ groups had the highest and the lowest total length, respectively (p < .05). Moreover, fish exposed to F₄R₁₆ had the highest hepatosomatic indices, while control fish had the lowest hepatosomatic indices (p < .05). Fish in the F₂R₈ group relatively had higher catalase and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities than other groups (p < .05). Furthermore, total protease, α‐amylase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the F₄R₁₆ and F₈R₃₂ were higher than the F₂R₄ and control groups (p < .05). Overall, this study showed that compensatory growth in weight and length and digestive enzyme activities were observed in the F₄R₁₆ and F₈R₃₂; however, the increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the F₈R₃₂ group indicated that oxidative stress remained after 80 days of re‐feeding in the liver.  相似文献   

Starter bacteria are the prime agents of lipolysis in cheddar cheese     

Hickey DK  Kilcawley KN  Beresford TP  Wilkinson MG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(21):8229-8235

To assess the contribution of starter lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to lipolysis in Cheddar cheese, the evolution of free fatty acids (FFAs) was monitored in Cheddar cheeses manufactured from pasteurized milks with or without starter. Starter-free cheeses were acidified by a combination of lactic acid and glucono-delta-lactone. Starter cultures were found to actively produce FFAs in the cheese vat, and mean levels of FFAs were significantly higher in starter cheeses over ripening. The contribution of nonstarter LAB toward lipolysis appears minimal, especially in starter-acidified cheeses. It is postulated that the moderate increases in FFAs in Cheddar cheese are primarily due to lack of access of esterase of LAB to suitable lipid substrate. The results of this study indicate that starter esterases are the primary contributors to lipolysis in Cheddar cheese made from good quality pasteurized milk.  相似文献   

SELENIUM AND DUCK SICKNESS     

Twomey AC  Twomey SJ  Williams LR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1939,90(2346):572-573

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Salmonella serovars and antimicrobial resistance patterns on a sample of high seroprevalence pig farms in England and Wales (2003-2008)     

Miller AJ  Twomey DF  Davies RH  Teale CJ  Williamson SM  Reichel R  Featherstone CA  Cook AJ  Snow LC  Armstrong JD 《Zoonoses and public health》2011,58(8):549-559

Following the introduction of a national abattoir-based monitoring programme for Salmonella in pigs, advisory visits were made to pig farms in England and Wales with high Salmonella seroprevalence assessed by muscle tissue fluid (meat juice) ELISA. Samples (n = 15 790), including pooled pen floor faeces (n = 12 136), were collected for Salmonella culture from 296 farms, between October 2003 and February 2008. Salmonella was isolated from 4489 (28%) of all samples collected, including 3301 (27%) of pooled pen floor faecal samples, from 270 (91%) of farms visited. Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Derby were the most prevalent serovars, representing 64% and 16% of isolates serotyped, respectively. The main phage types of S. Typhimurium identified were U288 and DT193. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was seen in 92% of isolates tested, with the highest frequencies of resistance occurring to tetracyclines (T), sulphonamide compounds (SU), ampicillin (AM), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT), streptomycin (S) and chloramphenicol (C). Fifty-nine AMR patterns were observed, the most frequent of these being T, AM, SXT, C, S, SU, seen in 35% of isolates tested. Multi-drug resistance was commonly found, with 67% of isolates submitted for AMR testing showing resistance to between four and nine antimicrobials.  相似文献   

Genotyping-by-sequencing of a bi-parental mapping population segregating for downy mildew resistance in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)     

J. A. Henning  D. H. Gent  M. C. Twomey  M. S. Townsend  N. J. Pitra  P. D. Matthews 《Euphytica》2016,208(3):545-559

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Anaerobic soil disinfestation is an alternative to soil fumigation for control of some soilborne pathogens in strawberry production   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

C. Shennan  J. Muramoto  S. Koike  G. Baird  S. Fennimore  J. Samtani  M. Bolda  S. Dara  O. Daugovish  G. Lazarovits  D. Butler  E. Rosskopf  N. Kokalis‐Burelle  K. Klonsky  M. Mazzola 《Plant pathology》2018,67(1):51-66

Alternatives to soil fumigation are needed for soilborne disease control. The aim of this study was to test anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) as an alternative to soil fumigation for control of critical soilborne pathogens in Californian strawberry production. Controlled environment experiments were conducted at 25 and 15 °C to test different materials as carbon sources for ASD using soil inoculated with Verticillium dahliae. Field trials were conducted in three locations comparing ASD with 20 Mg ha^?1 rice bran (RB) against fumigated and untreated controls, steam, mustard seed meal and fish emulsion. In ASD‐treated soils, temperature and extent of anaerobic conditions were critical for control of V. dahliae, but multiple carbon inputs reduced inoculum by 80–100%. In field trials, ASD with RB provided control of a number of pathogens, and in three of four trials produced marketable fruit yields equivalent to fumigation. Little weed control benefit from ASD was found. ASD with RB also induced changes in the soil microbiome that persisted through the growing season. When equivalent yields were obtained, net returns above harvest and treatment costs with ASD RB were 92–96% of those with bed fumigation based on average prices over the previous 5 years. ASD can be a viable alternative for control of some soilborne pathogens. Growers are adopting ASD in California strawberry production, but research to determine optimal soil temperatures, anaerobicity thresholds and carbon sources for effective control of specific pathogens is needed.  相似文献   

Detection of Coxiella burnetii in placenta and abortion samples from British ruminants using real-time PCR     

Jones RM  Twomey DF  Hannon S  Errington J  Pritchard GC  Sawyer J 《The Veterinary record》2010,167(25):965-967

A real-time PCR was developed to detect Coxiella burnetii (the cause of Q fever) in ruminant placentas and aborted fetuses. Primer and probe sets previously developed for human tissue studies were used to target the insertion sequence IS1111 gene for C burnetii. The assay was highly sensitive, with a limit of detection of 10 copies of template, theoretically equating to a single bacterium, and did not cross-react with a panel of other bacteria. To determine sensitivity on field samples submitted for the diagnosis of abortion, results using the IS1111 PCR assay were compared with a com1 PCR assay. When applied to ruminant abortion material, including placental cotyledons and fetal samples, the IS1111 and com1 assays yielded positive results in 23 (25 per cent) of 93 and 19 (20 per cent) of 93 samples, respectively. One infected goat herd was monitored for 31 months: 57 (92 per cent) of 62 placental cotyledon samples from aborting and non-aborting goats, and 10 (30 per cent) of 33 fetal samples were positive by the IS1111 PCR assay.  相似文献   

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm following propofol induction in a dog undergoing ocular surgery     

Sarah M Scruggs  Khursheed Mama  Janice M Bright  Dara Zirofsky 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2010,37(4):385-386

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High female mortality caused by an atypical Mycobacterium species closely related to the Mycobacterium ulcerans-marinum complex in a colony of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)     

Sonia Chnier  Manon Tremblay  Dara Lloyd  Marc Olivier Duceppe  Olga Andrievskaia 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2022,63(2):133

A commercial breeding colony of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) experienced an increase in mortality that affected females only. Before death, the animals had lost appetite and weight, were dehydrated, and some had labored breathing. Necropsy revealed granulomas in many organs (ovaries, lungs, liver, kidneys, heart, bone marrow) in which numerous acid-fast bacteria were identified. Bacterial isolation confirmed Mycobacterium spp., which was identified by whole genome sequencing as closely related to the Mycobacterium ulcerans-marinum complex. Due to the zoonotic potential of this bacterium and the poor prognosis for the remaining sick animals, the entire colony was culled and 7 animals were evaluated. The possible routes for introduction of this bacterium, the female predisposition to the disease, as well as the zoonotic potential of this microorganism are discussed.Key clinical message:An atypical Mycobacterium species closely related to Mycobacterium ulcerans-marinum complex can cause high female morality in captive bearded dragons.  相似文献   

Intestinal dilation in organic layers     

Twomey DF  Wood AM  Young SC 《The Veterinary record》2005,157(2):63-64

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