Radiographic and electrocardiographic evaluation of cardiac morphology and function in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).     

Juergen Schumacher  Patti Snyder  Scott B Citino  R Avery Bennett  Laura D Dvorak 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2003,34(4):357-363

In a prospective study, eight (four males and four females) healthy, adult captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) were immobilized with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (4 mg/kg, i.m.), administered with a remote drug delivery system, to define normal cardiac morphology and function. Standard lateral and ventrodorsal (VD) radiographs were then taken to measure heart and thorax using a metric and vertebral scale system. Standard six-lead electrocardiograms were obtained with the animals in right lateral recumbency under isoflurane anesthesia. Mean chest depth and width was 18.7 +/- 1.3 cm and 13.0 +/- 0.6 cm, respectively. The mean lateral cardiac short axis (X) was 9.1 +/- 0.6 cm. the mean cardiac long axis (Y) was 13.6 +/- 0.7 cm, and the mean lateral heart sum (X + Y) was 22.6 +/- 1.2 cm. In the VD projection, mean cardiac short axis (V) was 10.1 +/- 0.7 cm, mean cardiac long axis (W) was 14.9 +/- 1.2 cm, and the heart sum (V + W) was 24.9 +/- 1.8 cm. The vertebral heart size was 8.2 +/- 0.9. All cheetahs had sinus rhythm, and no arrhythmias were noted. Mean heart rate was 126 +/- 15 beats/min, and the mean electrical axis was 82 + 5 degrees. P waves were always positive on lead II and had a width of 0.04 +/- 0.01 sec and a height between 0.1 and 0.3 mV. PR intervals were 0.11 +/- 0.01 sec. The height of the QRS complex was 1.25 +/- 0.24 mV and the width 0.06 +/- 0.01 sec. The ST segment was 0.04 sec, and the T wave (height: 0.25 +/- 0.05 mV) was positive in all cheetahs examined. Although these cardiac and thoracic measurements were larger than those of domestic cats (Felis catus), ratios of cardiac parameters were similar in both species. Electrocardiographic findings were similar to those reported from domestic cats.  相似文献   

猪圆环病毒2型的自然感染、免疫和遗传多样性研究综述     

Cheryl M.T. Dvorak  Michael P. Murtaugh 《中国动物检疫》2016,33(5):56-61

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是一个基因保守的猪病原体。PCV2感染最早发生在子宫内的胎儿发育期间或出生后通过接触感染病毒的母猪以及被病毒污染的产仔环境而感染,其传播不受病毒血症水平或免疫水平的影响。PCV2及其抗体很容易进入初乳、母乳和口鼻分泌物中,但在这些液体中的抗体水平不会影响仔猪病毒血症的水平。仔猪在断奶时常已经感染PCV2或已有母源抗体。目前还不清楚早期PCV2感染或母源抗体的存在对疫苗免疫效果会产生多大的影响,但它们有可能受到PCV2相关疫病(PCVAD)的干扰。对怀孕前的母猪进行免疫,可使其血清、初乳均能获得较高的抗体水平,但加强母源免疫不会影响病毒向仔猪传播或母猪中的病毒量。在美国的流行病学调查显示,从2006年实施大规模免疫后,猪群PCV2流行率出现大幅下降,这说明PCV2或许可以根除。  相似文献   

Rooftop temperature reduction from unirrigated modular green roofs in south-central Texas     

Bruce Dvorak  A. Volder 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(1):28-35

Modular green roofs were investigated to better understand surface and membrane level temperature expectations of unirrigated green roofs during hot summer conditions in south-central Texas. We used three succulent monocultures, Sedum kamtschaticum, Delosperma cooperi, Talinum calycinum syn. Phemeranthus calycinus and one unplanted control module, each replicated 3 times. Media surface and below media temperatures were monitored, as well as soil water content and general weather conditions (RH, air temperature). Temperatures at the surface and below the media surface were compared with temperatures of a standard roof surface. We found that diurnal surface temperature reductions were very stable throughout the summer. Much larger temperature reductions were achieved below the modules than at the soil surface. Temperature reductions at the soil surface were predominantly driven by soil volumetric water content (VWC) and, to a lesser degree, air temperature while species and percent cover had small modifying effects through interactions with VWC and air temperature. Temperature reductions below the modules were driven by surface soil temperature, while increasing VWC led to a small decrease in temperature reductions at the membrane level. Mean daily temperature reductions achieved were 18.0 °C at the soil surface and 27.5 °C below the module, thus demonstrating that unirrigated, succulent-based green roofs can provide significant rooftop temperature reductions during hot, dry summer conditions.  相似文献   

Family stability of wood specific gravity in Pinus tecunumanii established on three sites in South America     

R. T. Lima  J. B. Jett  W. S. Dvorak 《New Forests》1989,3(4):311-316

Wood specific gravity was determined for 29 half-sib families of 4-year-old Pinus tecunumanii from the Mountain Pine Ridge, Belize, planted at three locations in Brazil and Colombia. Although there was a significant (p 0.05) family by sites interaction (F × S), it was found that only 5 of the 29 families were major contributors. The test planting at the highest elevation (1750 m, La Arcadia, Colombia) was the most interactive site.CAMCORE Cooperative, College of Forest Resources, North Carolina State University  相似文献   

Incidence of seizures associated with iopamidol or iomeprol myelography in dogs with intervertebral disk disease: 161 cases (2000–2002)     

Leona Lexmaulova MVDr  Josef Zatloukal MVDr  PhD  Pavel Proks MVDr  Milan Dvorak MVDr  PhD  Robert Srnec MVDr  Petr Rauser MVDr  PhD  Helga Kecova MVDr  PhD  Alois Necas MVDr  PhD  MBA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2009,19(6):611-616

Objective – To compare the incidence of seizures in dogs with intervertebral disk disease after iopamidol or iomeprol myelography, and to assess whether the incidence of seizures differed between the 2 agents when severity of neurological deficits, location of cord compression, duration of anesthesia, site of myelogram, volume of contrast, and concentration of contrast were evaluated. Design – Retrospective study. Setting – Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals – One hundred and sixty‐one client‐owned dogs with intervertebral disk disease. Interventions – Subarachnoid injection of contrast medium. Measurements and Main Results – One hundred and sixty‐one dogs with intervertebral disk disease were subjected to myelography using iopamidol (n=74) or iomeprol (n=87). Cranial myelography was performed in 31 dogs, caudal myelography in 125 and both cranial and caudal myelography in 5. Seizures occurred in 23 of 161 (14%) dogs. There was no significant difference overall between iopamidol and iomeprol myelography. However, in dogs with thoracolumbar disk extrusion and paraplegia, seizures occurred more frequently after caudal myelography using iopamidol compared with iomeprol. Conclusions – Both iomeprol and iopamidol are suitable for myelography in dogs. Iomeprol is recommended for caudal myelography in paraplegic dogs with thoracolumbar disk extrusion due to the higher incidence of seizures in this group when iopamidol was used.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharides and(or) pharmacological additions of copper sulfate on growth performance and immunocompetence of weanling and growing/finishing pigs   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Davis ME  Maxwell CV  Brown DC  de Rodas BZ  Johnson ZB  Kegley EB  Hellwig DH  Dvorak RA 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(11):2887-2894

Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) fed at two levels of Cu on growth and feed efficiency of weanling and growing-finishing pigs, as well as the effect on the immunocompetence of weanling pigs. In Exp. 1, 216 barrows (6 kg of BW and 18 d of age) were penned in groups of six (9 pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 x 2 factorial consisting of two levels of Cu (basal level or 175 ppm supplemental Cu) with and without MOS (0.2%). Diets were fed from d 0 to 38 after weaning. Blood samples were obtained to determine lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. From d 0 to 10, ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed (G:F) increased when MOS was added to diets containing the basal level of Cu, but decreased when MOS was added to diets containing 175 ppm supplemental Cu (interaction, P < 0.01, P < 0.10, and P < 0.05, respectively). Pigs fed diets containing 175 ppm Cu from d 10 to 24 and d 24 to 38 had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI than those fed the basal level of Cu regardless of MOS addition. Pigs fed diets containing MOS from d 24 to 38 had greater ADG (P < 0.05) and G:F (P < 0.10) than those fed diets devoid of MOS. Lymphocyte proliferation was not altered by dietary treatment. In Exp. 2, 144 pigs were divided into six pigs/pen (six pens/treatment). Dietary treatments were fed throughout the starter (20 to 32 kg BW), grower (32 to 68 kg BW), and finisher (68 to 106 kg BW) phases. Diets consisted of two levels of Cu (basal level or basal diet + 175 ppm in starter and grower diets and 125 ppm in finisher diets) with and without MOS (0.2% in starter, 0.1% in grower, and 0.05% in finisher). Pigs fed supplemental Cu had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F during the starter and grower phases compared to pigs fed the basal level of Cu. During the finisher phase, ADG increased when pigs were fed MOS in diets containing the basal level of Cu, but decreased when MOS was added to diets supplemented with 125 ppm Cu (interaction, P < 0.05). Results from this study indicate the response of weanling pigs fed MOS in phase 1 varied with level of dietary Cu. However, in phase 2 and phase 3, diets containing either MOS or 175 ppm Cu resulted in improved performance. Pharmacological Cu addition improved gain and efficiency during the starter and grower phases in growing-finishing pigs, while ADG response to the addition of MOS during the finisher phase seems to be dependent upon the level of Cu supplementation.  相似文献   

Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid   总被引：73，自引：0，他引：73  

D R Senger  S J Galli  A M Dvorak  C A Perruzzi  V S Harvey  H F Dvorak 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,219(4587):983-985

Tumor ascites fluids from guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice contain activity that rapidly increases microvascular permeability. Similar activity is also secreted by these tumor cells and a variety of other tumor cell lines in vitro. The permeability-increasing activity purified from either the culture medium or ascites fluid of one tumor, the guinea pig line 10 hepatocarcinoma, is a 34,000- to 42,000-dalton protein distinct from other known permeability factors.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Acute pulmonary thromboembolism secondary to spontaneous death of adult heartworms     

Dvorak LD  Preziosi DE  Hitchcock LS 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2000,217(2):180-181

  相似文献   

Differential responses of Central American and Mexican pine species and Pinus radiata to infection by the pitch canker fungus     

Hodge  G.R.  Dvorak  W.S. 《New Forests》2000,19(3):241-258

Seedlings from a wide array of 23 species, varieties,and geographic races were screened for resistance topitch canker using artificial inoculation in agreenhouse. Seed to represent these taxa weregenerally collected in natural stands. In addition,seedlings from 79 families of P. radiata fromcommercial populations from Chile and New Zealand werescreened in a separate experiment. There was littlevariation in resistance among the commercial P.radiata families, with over 98% mortality. Similarresults were obtained with native P. radiatapopulations. All close relatives of P. radiata(sub-section Patula) were very susceptible. However,a number of closed-cone pine species (specifically,from sub-section Oocarpa) were generally veryresistant, with survival approaching 100%. Inaddition, in P. oocarpa, P. jaliscana, and P. tecunumanii from low elevation provenances anextremely high frequency of trees suffered no apparentdamage from the pathogen (92%, 85% and 80%,respectively).  相似文献   

Regulation of extravascular coagulation by microvascular permeability   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

H F Dvorak  D R Senger  A M Dvorak  V S Harvey  J McDonagh 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1985,227(4690):1059-1061

Extravascular coagulation is a prominent feature of such important pathological processes as cellular immunity and neoplasia and has been thought to result from procoagulants associated with the inflammatory or tumor cells peculiar to these entities. It was found that increased microvascular permeability alone is sufficient to induce equivalent extravascular coagulation in several normal tissues. The results indicate that saturating levels of procoagulant are present even in normal tissues and that microvascular permeability is a rate-limiting step in extravascular coagulation.  相似文献