Effects of exogenous putrescine on improving shelf life of four plum cultivars     

M. Serrano  D. Martinez-Romero  F. Guilln  D. Valero 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2003,30(3):259-271

Four plum cultivars (‘Golden Japan’, ‘Black Diamond’, ‘Black Star’ and ‘Santa Rosa’) were treated with 1 mM putrescine, and then stored at 20 °C. Storage duration was different for each cultivar, but the effect of putrescine in terms of increased shelf life, delayed ripening process, and higher quality attributes when compared with controls was significant for all cultivars. In addition, putrescine-treated plums showed delay and/or reduction on ethylene production, the intensity of reduction being dependent on the maximum of ethylene production at the climacteric peak. Also, higher fruit and flesh firmness, lower soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity evolution, reduced weight loss and delayed colour changes were found after putrescine treatment during storage. Moreover, higher putrescine and spermidine levels (free forms) were observed in putrescine-treated plums. The results revealed that plum storability could be extended by putrescine treatment due to its effect on delaying the ripening processes.  相似文献   

Batatinosides II-VI, acylated lipooligosaccharides from the resin glycosides of sweet potato     

Escalante-Sánchez E  Rosas-Ramírez D  Linares E  Bye R  Pereda-Miranda R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(20):9423-9428

Sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas) belongs to the Convolvulaceae (morning glory family) and is native to Mexico and Central America. Its edible tuberous roots have been much appreciated since pre-Hispanic times in Mesoamerica and now play an important role as a basic diet staple and a medicinal plant worldwide. The hexane-soluble extract from roots, through preparative-scale recycling HPLC, yielded five new lipophilic oligosaccharides of jalapinolic acid, batatinosides II-VI ( 1- 5), as well as the known pescapreins I ( 6) and VII ( 7) and murucoidin I ( 8), which are part of the purgative resin glycoside mixture. NMR spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry were used to characterize their structures. Compounds 1 and 2 are tetraglycosidic lactones of operculinic acid C. The pentasaccharide structures for compounds 3 and 4 were confirmed to be macrolactones of simonic acid B, and that characterized for 5 was derived from operculinic acid A. The lactonization site of the aglycone was placed at C-3 of the second saccharide unit in all compounds except 4, where it was placed at C-2. All compounds contain an esterifying residue that is composed of a long-chain fatty acid, n-decanoic acid (capric) or n-dodecanoic acid (lauric). In compound 3, an additional short-chain fatty acid, (2 S)-methylbutyric acid, was also identified.  相似文献   

Addressing potential sources of variation in several non-destructive techniques for measuring firmness in apples     

D. Molina-Delgado  S. Alegre  P. Barreiro  C. Valero  M. Ruiz-Altisent  I. Recasens   《Biosystems Engineering》2009,104(1):33-46

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Intra-city Differences in Cardiac Expression of Inflammatory Genes and Inflammasomes in Young Urbanites: A Pilot Study     

R Villarreal-Calderon  G Dale  R Delgado-Chávez  R Torres-Jardón  H Zhu  L Herritt  A Gónzalez-Maciel  R Reynoso-Robles  Y Yuan  J Wang  E Solorio-López  H Medina-Cortina  L Calderón-Garcidueñas 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2012,25(2):163-173

Southwest Mexico City (SWMC) air pollution is characterized by high concentrations of ozone and particulate matter < 10 μm (PM(10)) containing lipopolysaccharides while in the North PM(2.5) is high. These intra-city differences are likely accounting for higher CD14 and IL-1β in SWMC v NMC mice myocardial expression. This pilot study was designed to investigate whether similar intra-city differences exist in the levels of myocardial inflammatory genes in young people. Inflammatory mediator genes and inflammasome arrays were measured in right and left autopsy ventricles of 6 southwest/15 north (18.5 ± 2.6 years) MC residents after fatal sudden accidental deaths. There was a significant S v N right ventricle up-regulation of IL-1β (p=0.008), TNF-α (p=0.001), IL-10 (p=0.001), and CD14 (p=0.002), and a left ventricle difference in TNF-α (p=0.007), and IL-10 (p=0.02). SW right ventricles had significant up-regulation of NLRC1, NLRP3 and of 29/84 inflammasome genes, including NOD factors and caspases. There was significant degranulation of mast cells both in myocardium and epicardial nerve fibers. Differential expression of key inflammatory myocardial genes and inflammasomes are influenced by the location of residence. Myocardial inflammation and inflammasome activation in young hearts is a plausible pathway of heart injury in urbanites and adverse effects on the cardiovascular system are expected.  相似文献   

Comparative infectivity of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae from isolates of the main and secondary reservoir animal host species in the Bolivian Altiplano high human endemic region     

Valero MA  Mas-Coma S 《Folia parasitologica》2000,47(1):17-22

Fascioliasis due to Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) is an endemic disease on the Northern Bolivian Altiplano, where human prevalences and intensities are the highest known, sheep and cattle are the main reservoir hosts, and pigs and donkeys the secondary ones. Investigations were carried out to study the viability of metacercariae experimentally obtained from eggs shed by naturally infected Altiplanic sheep, cattle, pigs and donkeys. A total of 157 Wistar rats were infected with doses of 5, 10, 20 and 150 metacercariae. Metacercariae aged for different number of weeks were used to analyse the influence of age on their viability. The number of worms successfully developed in each rat was established by dissection. Results obtained show that metacercarial infectivity is dependent upon storage time, being lower when metacercariae are older. The maximum longevity is 31 weeks using doses of 20 metacercariae per rat and 48 weeks with 150 metacercariae per rat, although in the latter case only a very low percentage of worms is recovered. Age-related infectivity of metacercariae from Altiplanic F. hepatica does not significantly differ from that of the liver fluke in lowlands of other countries. Concerning the influence of the isolate according to host species, results indicate that metacercarial viabilities of pig and donkey isolates are similar to the viabilities of metacercariae of sheep and cattle isolates. Thus, pig and donkey have a high transmission potential capacity concerning this aspect. This fact is of great importance for the control of human and animal fascioliasis in this highly endemic zone.  相似文献   

Chondrodystrophy in calves associated with manganese deficiency     

Valero G  Alley MR  Badcoe LM  Manktelow BW  Merrall M  Lawes GS 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1990,38(4):161-167

A severe congenital chondrodystrophy in Charolais calves is described. Thirty-two calves were born on the same farm with shortened limbs and enlarged joints. Histologically, there was poor cartilage maturation with excessive amounts of rarefied cartilage matrix. There were degenerative changes in the chondrocytes and a severe reduction in the mucopolysaccharide content of all body hyaline cartilage. The cartilage matrix, when examined ultrastructurally, showed loose, disorganised fibres in a rarefied matrix, and extensive vacuolation of the chondrocytes. A low level of manganese was found in the liver of an affected calf. The pregnant cows were fed on apple pulp and corn silage, both of which are low in manganese.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary protein sources on growth,survival and digestive capacity of Octopus maya juveniles (Mollusca: Cephalopoda)     

Carlos Rosas  Ana Valero  Claudia Caamal‐Monsreal  Iker Uriarte  Ana Farias  Pedro Gallardo  Ariadna Sánchez  Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(7):1029-1044

We propose two hypotheses to explain the inexistence of adequate prepared diet for Octopus maya at this date: Hypothesis 1 is related to changes in protein structure during protein cooking, which affects the digestibility. Hypothesis 2 is related to changes on nutritional characteristics during ingredient process, which affects the nutritional composition of diet. To test hypothesis 1, experiments one and two were directed to determine if protein cooking reduces digestibility and growth of animals when compared to fresh or lyophilized protein sources. For hypothesis 2, three experiments were conducted, testing seven different dietary protein sources offered in isolation or combined in artificial diets fed to O. maya. Results demonstrated that the diets that promoted growth were the ones based on fresh crab paste, and both lyophilized crab and squid tentacles paste. In consequence hypothesis 1 was accepted. The cooking process also changed nutritional characteristics of protein sources, affecting the growth of O. maya. Results obtained when squid and crab were mixed suggest that nutritional requirements of octopuses were covered with that diet in similar forms compared to when using fresh or lyophilized crab, also confirming hypothesis 2. Based on growth rates obtained, we can conclude that nutritional requirements of O. maya must be between 80% and 86% Protein (P), 5.1–5.6% Lipids and a protein: energy ratio between (P/E) 38.9 and 42.2 g MJ^?1.  相似文献   

Economic assessment of shade-cloth covers for agricultural irrigation reservoirs in a semi-arid climate     

V. Martínez Alvarez  J. Calatrava Leyva  J.F. Maestre Valero  B. Martín Górriz 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(9):1351-1359

We assess the economics of investing in suspended shade-cloth covers (SSCCs) in agricultural water reservoirs (AWRs) to reduce evaporation losses and save water for irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas. In particular, we examine the use of SSCCs in the Segura River Basin (southeastern Spain). The decision to install a cover depends on the potential evaporation losses, reservoir characteristics, cover effectiveness, the value of water, filtration requirements, water salinity, government subsidies and the installation, operation and maintenance costs. The economic viability of the investment increases with the value of the saved water, i.e., with water scarcity, and is greater when water quality is poor. Hence SSCCs can be helpful in arid and semi-arid regions facing water shortages and water quality problems. The farm-level decision to install a cover depends largely on the cost of purchasing water, when water is generally available, and the profit from increased crop production or enlarged farmlands, when water is scarce.  相似文献   

Effect of ethylene concentration on quality parameters of fresh tomatoes stored using a carbon-heat hybrid ethylene scrubber     

Domingo Martínez-Romero  Fabián Guillén  Salvador Castillo  Pedro Javier Zapata  Daniel Valero  María Serrano 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(2):206-211

Tomato fruit were stored in cold rooms at 8 °C containing an adsorbent–catalyst device including activated carbon–1% Pd either alone or with a heater (175 °C) programmed to heat at 3 h pulse intervals. Cold rooms without the adsorbent–catalyst system were used as controls. The use of the device led to very low concentrations of both ethylene and CO₂ inside the cold rooms when compared with activated carbon–1% Pd alone or control rooms. In addition, the parameters related to ripening such as respiration rate, ethylene production, 1-aminocylcopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC, free and conjugated), colour changes, softening, decrease in total acidity (mainly citric and ascorbic acids) and lycopene were significantly higher in stored tomato fruit in control rooms than in those stored in cold rooms with both adsorbent–catalyst systems. The magnitude of the delay in these parameters was always significantly greater with the use of the device with respect to activated carbon–1% Pd alone. Thus, this device could be considered as a new tool to eliminate the ethylene surrounding fruit and vegetables in storage areas, avoiding the detrimental effects of ethylene action and leading to maintenance of their postharvest quality. Other additional advantages are the auto-regeneration process, when heat pulses were applied to the adsorbent–catalyst system, and the fact that it is an environmentally friendly technology.  相似文献   

A slaughterhouse survey of lung lesions in goats     

Valero G  Alley MR  Manktelow BW 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1992,40(2):45-51

A survey of the lungs from 4284 goats killed at a slaughterhouse in the North Island of New Zealand during the winter of 1990 revealed only ten cases of non-parasitic bronchopneumonia. However, 41% of the lungs had lesions consistent with infection by Muellerius capillaris, 33% with Dictyocaulus filaria, and 8% with both species. The prevalence of parasitic lesions increased with age. The carcasses of goats with mild to severe Dictyocaulus filaria lesions were from 0.81 to 1.52 kg lighter than those without the lesions (p<0.001). The carcasses of goats with more than ten nodular (Muellerius capillaris) lesions were 0.75 kg lighter than those without the lesions (p<0.001). Twelve sets of lungs had lesions of chronic bronchiectasis. Nematode larvae were seen in the bronchial lumina of three of them. The microscopic appearance varied from a moderate dilatation of occluded bronchi which retained an intact epithelium, to large foreign-body granulomas where the remaining bronchial outlines were barely discernible. Multiple, very discrete, fibrous pleural plaques were found on the caudal lobes in two cases. Plaques of this morphology have not been described previously in the veterinary literature. Pleural adhesions were found in 350 cases (8.2%). The relatively higher frequency of pleurisy versus non-parasitic pneumonia suggests that pneumonia in goats in the North Island of New Zealand completely resolves in most cases.  相似文献