Basal levels of enzymatic biomarkers and energy reserves in Porcellionides pruinosus     

Nuno G.C. Ferreira  Miguel J.G. Santos  Inês Domingues  Carla F. Calhôa  Marta Monteiro  Mónica J.B. Amorim  Amadeu M.V.M. Soares  Susana Loureiro 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(12):2128-2136

In the last decades biomarkers have been widely used for the assessment of effects and/or exposure to environmental contaminants, but to our knowledge few data has been published for isopod species. Along with biomarkers the quantification of energy reserves has also been used to evaluate organisms’ energetic budget. Enzymatic biomarkers can also be useful to understand chemicals/stress modes of action. The aim of this study was to obtain information on biomarker basal level activities and energy contents of the isopod Porcellionides pruinosus as little information is available. Results can then be used as foundations for other ecotoxicological or biomonitorization studies and also as control values for evaluating isopod status in laboratory cultures.The cholinesterase (ChE) type of the isopod P. pruinosus was characterized using three substrates (acetylthiocholine iodide, propionylthiocholine iodide, and S-butyrylthiocholine iodide) and three ChE inhibitors (eserine hemisulfate, tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide (iso-OMPA) and 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethyl-ammonimphenyl) pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284C51)]. The results showed that this organism has only one cholinesterase form, the acetylcholinesterase with a mean basal level of 113.6 ± 4.7 U/mg protein.Other biomarkers related to oxidative stress or metabolism were assessed, showing activity ranges of 3.0 ± 1.1 U/mg protein for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 6.1 ± 1.1 U/mg protein for catalase (CAT), 2.7 ± 1.1 U/mg protein for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), 34.6 ± 4.7 nmol/mg ww for lipid peroxidation (LPO) and 137.8 ± 7.1 U/mg protein for glutathione S-transferases (GST) (mean ± st. error). The carbohydrates and protein contents were 12290.8 ± 56.4 J/mg organism (org) and 22905 ± 57.5 J/mg org, respectively (mean ± st. error). The mean lipid content was 503.1 ± 12.7 J/mg org.Our results were compared to other previous works with isopod species but also with other species, showing high levels of inter and intraspecific variability. Even tough this study can contribute as foundations for other studies as ChE characterization, optimization of homogenization procedures and basal levels for biomarker activity and energy reserves were described.  相似文献   

Structural characterization of the lignin from the nodes and internodes of Arundo donax reed   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Seca AM  Cavaleiro JA  Domingues FM  Silvestre AJ  Evtuguin D  Neto CP 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(3):817-824

Milled wood lignin (MWL) and dioxane lignin (DL) from different morphological regions (nodes and internodes) of Arundo donax reed were subjected to a comprehensive structural characterization by (13)C, (1)H NMR, FTIR, and UV spectroscopies and functional analysis. The permanganate and nitrobenzene oxidation methods were also applied to the in situ lignins. Both node and internode lignins are HGS-type lignins, with a significant amount of H units (including p-coumaric acid type structures). The S/G ratio (1.13-1.32), the weight-average molecular weight (20,400-24,500), the methoxyl group content (0.90-0.98), the phenolic hydroxyl group content (0.23-0.27), and the aliphatic hydroxyl group content (1.00-1.09) are not very different in the lignins from nodes and internodes. However, some structural differences between node and internode lignins were observed. The former has much more phenolic acids (p-coumaric and ferulic), 8.8% in node versus 1.2% in internode and less beta-O-4 (0. 32 and 0.49 per aromatic unit in node and internode, respectively). In situ node lignin is more condensed than internode lignin.  相似文献   

Factors contributing to the development of aluminum resistance in the Madeiran maize germplasm     

Miguel . A. Pinheiro de Carvalho  Jan J. Slaski  Ivo Abreu  Filipe T. Ganana  Teresa M. M. dos Santos  Lurdes Freitas  Maria R. Clemente Vieira  Antonieta Nunes  Ana Domingues  Gregory J. Taylor 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2004,167(1):93-98

Forty genotypes representing maize genetic diversity from the Island of Madeira were screened for resistance to aluminum (Al) in nutrient solution. Seeds of maize were obtained from local farmers from field plots spread around the island in a range of altitudes from 99 to 1000 m above sea level. The content of ionic aluminum and the pH of soils cultivated with maize were determined. The mean pH value of all examined soils was 4.9, while the mean ionic Al content was 0.76 cmol kg^–1. Seventy‐two hours (h) exposure to 100 and 200 μM Al followed by a 48 h recovery period of 4‐day old seedlings revealed significant differences in Al resistance in the Madeiran maize germplasm. Root survival and regrowth exceeding 80 % of the seedlings were observed in 22 and 8 of the tested genotypes screened at 100 and 200 μM Al in nutrient solution. High Al resistance among Madeiran maize genotypes appeared not to be associated with the lower pH of soil, and did not correlate with the amount of soil Al³⁺ or the altitude at the site of collection. The high level of Al resistance of the maize cultivars indicates an initial genetic trait enhanced by open pollination of maize.  相似文献   

Effect of two artificial wet diets agglutinated with gelatin on feed and growth performance of common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) sub-adults     

Daniel Quintana  Pedro Domingues  Sandra García 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,280(1-4):161-164

Acceptance and effect on growth of two artificial wet diets for common octopus sub-adults were studied. These artificial wet diets were compounded of frozen shrimp or squid, both agglutinated with commercial gelatin. The diet based on frozen squid (SQ) promoted higher growth and conversion efficiency than the diet based on frozen shrimp (SH); while these rearing parameters of the SQ diet were not significantly lower than the ones obtained with the control diet (frozen squid). Feeding results indicate that gelatin did not reduce the palatability of the SQ diet, compared to the control diet. In conclusion, the good results obtained with the SQ diet support the hypothesis that this kind of wet artificial diet (a natural diet plus an agglutinant) can possibly be a base paste for other prepared diets.  相似文献   

The developmental role of Agouti in color pattern evolution     

Manceau M  Domingues VS  Mallarino R  Hoekstra HE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6020):1062-1065

Animal color patterns can affect fitness in the wild; however, little is known about the mechanisms that control their formation and subsequent evolution. We took advantage of two locally camouflaged populations of Peromyscus mice to show that the negative regulator of adult pigmentation, Agouti, also plays a key developmental role in color pattern evolution. Genetic and functional analyses showed that ventral-specific embryonic expression of Agouti establishes a prepattern by delaying the terminal differentiation of ventral melanocytes. Moreover, a skin-specific increase in both the level and spatial domain of Agouti expression prevents melanocyte maturation in a regionalized manner, resulting in a novel and adaptive color pattern. Thus, natural selection favors late-acting, tissue-specific changes in embryonic Agouti expression to produce large changes in adult color pattern.  相似文献   

The effect of different grazing heights on carcass and meat quality characteristics of Nellore cattle fattened in pastures of Convert grass     

Biserra  Thiago Trento  Cecato  Ulysses  Galbeiro  Sandra  Bridi  Ana Maria  Fernandes  Henrique Jorge  Duarte  Camila Fernandes Domingues  Da Silva  Diogo Rodrigues  Vicente  João Vitor Rosa  Rogel  Camila Piechnicki 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(2):625-635

Carcass characteristic and meat quality from bulls and Nellore steers (n?=?64 total) subjected to different grazing heights (15, 25, 35, and 45 cm) were evaluated isolatedly, under continuous grazing and variable load, in pastures of Convert grass. The experimental period was from May 2015 to June 2017, in an area of 16 ha, divided into 16 paddocks of 1 ha. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. Each paddock was grazed by three animals and regulators, used to adjust grazing heights. The final slaughter weight, hot carcass, and crude protein in the meat of steers were higher when the pastures were managed at 42 cm. When the pasture was managed between 25 and 35 cm in height, greater fat thickness, marbling, muscle:bone and muscle+fat:bone ratio and lower color* of the meat and percentage of bone were found. For the steers, the height of 40 cm provided higher fat thickness and marbling in the meat. The loss during thawing in meat was greater at 28 cm in height. The heights of grazing alter the carcass characteristics and meat of bulls and steers.

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Evaluation of the effect of roasting on the structure of coffee galactomannans using model oligosaccharides     

Moreira AS  Coimbra MA  Nunes FM  Simões J  Domingues MR 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(18):10078-10087

The roasting process induces structural changes in coffee galactomannans. To know more about the reaction pathways that occur during the roasting of coffee, mannosyl and galactomannosyl oligosaccharides, having a degree of polymerization (DP) between 3 and 4, were used as models for galactomannans. These compounds were dry-heated under air atmosphere from room temperature to 200 °C, being maintained at 200 °C for different periods of time. The roasted materials were analyzed by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, MALDI-MS, and ESI-MSn) and methylation analysis. In the MS spectra were identified several [M+Na]+ ions belonging to a series from a single hexose to 10 hexose residues ([Hex1-10+Na]+). The ions corresponding to their respective mono- and tridehydrated derivatives ([Hex2-10-H2O+Na]+ and [Hex2-10-3H2O+Na]+, respectively) were also identified. ESI-MSn as well as deuterium-labeling and alditol derivatization experiments showed that the tridehydrations occur at the reducing end of the oligosaccharides. The identification of (1→2)- and (1→6)-linked mannose residues and (1→4)-linked glucose residues by methylation analysis allowed the conclusion that transglycosylation and isomerization reactions occur during dry thermal processing.  相似文献   

Effects of different food items on the culture of the mysid shrimp Mysidopsis almyra (Crustacea: Pericaridea) in a static water system     

Pedro M. Domingues  Philip E. Turk  Jose P. Andrade  Phillip G. Lee 《Aquaculture International》2001,9(5):393-400

The effects of several food items on larvae production and survival ofthe mysid Mysidopsis almyra were compared. A total of sixdiets were used. The diets were: 1) phytoplankton (Isochrysisgalbana), 2) an artificial diet (Liqualife®, Cargill,Minneapolis, MN), 3) a mixed diet composed of both zooplankton (mostlycopepods)and phytoplankton, 4) 750 mg g^?1 of HUFA enrichedArtemia nauplii and 250 mgg^?1 of the artificial diet, 5) newly hatchedArtemia nauplii (24-hour incubation at 28°C) and 6) newly hatched Artemia naupliienriched with HUFA (SELCO®, INVE Inc., Ghent, Belgium) for 12 hours. Mysidsfed HUFA enriched Artemia nauplii (diet 6) had the highestproduction and survival rates, although not significant (P > 0.05), comparedto diets 3, 4 and 5, while the phytoplankton and the artificial diet hadsignificantly lower production and survival rates (p > 0.05).  相似文献   

Global population genetic structure of the sequential hermaphrodite,dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus)     

Jussara Oliveira Vaini  Rodrigo Rodrigues Domingues  Bruno Lopes da Silva Ferrette  Eric M. Hallerman  Kenneth Gabriel Mota  João Pedro Barreiros  Alexandre Wagner Silva Hilsdorf 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(8):2119-2130

1. The dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus is a large epinephelid species that occurs in the eastern and south-western Atlantic and western Indian Oceans. Late maturity, protogynous hermaphroditism, site fidelity, and overfishing have all contributed to its demographic decline.
2. Connectivity and demography within a broad sampling of dusky grouper populations throughout its distribution were assessed. To do so, genetic variation at 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and a partial sequence of the mitochondrial control region (mtCR) were evaluated.
3. Two major mtCR lineages with a sequence divergence of 1.6% were found. The magnitude of genetic differentiation for mtCR among north and south Atlantic and Indian Ocean populations was high, with Φ_ST = 0.528.
4. D_EST and results of discriminant analysis of principal component revealed significant microsatellite genetic differentiation between all collection areas. Significant pairwise D_EST showed moderate (0.084) to very great (0.603) differentiation. The effective population size was low for all localities, ranging between 25 (Azores Archipelago) and 311 (Rio Grande do Sul). The overall effective population size was estimated as 299 (confidence interval = 215–412), and there was no evidence of strong or recent bottleneck effects.
5. Local and regional genetic structuring among dusky grouper populations is the consequence of the species' site fidelity, distribution across multiple oceanographic boundaries, and probably also of sequential hermaphroditism that contributes to the intensity of random genetic drift.
6. The spatial pattern of genetic structuring of dusky groupers is such that fisheries management and conservation of population genetic integrity will have to be pursued at the local and regional scales.

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Population genetic structure and demographic history of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): implications for insect resistance management programs     

Osmar Arias  Erick Cordeiro  Alberto S Corrêa  Felipe A Domingues  Aline S Guidolin  Celso Omoto 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2948-2957

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