The use of hand-raised psittacines for reintroduction: a case study of scarlet macaws (Ara macao) in Peru and Costa Rica     

Donald Brightsmith  Jenifer Hilburn  Alvaro del Campo  Janice Boyd  Richard Frisius  Federico Guillen 《Biological conservation》2005,121(3):465-472

This study reports on three scarlet macaw (Ara macao) reintroduction projects using hand-raised birds in Peru and Costa Rica. The habitats at the release sites ranged from pristine tropical forest to forest fragments in an agricultural matrix. The combined first-year survival was 74% and the annual post first-year survival was 96%. Survival rates were very high despite a wide range in predator communities. Number of birds released explained 70% of the variation in survival with birds from larger releases having higher survival rates. Behavioral evidence suggests that birds established at the site facilitated survival of later releases. Breeding attempts were recorded at all three sites and hand-raised birds with wild mates successfully fledged young in Peru. Supplemental feeding post-release played an important role in keeping the birds near the release site and facilitating social interactions. This work shows that properly socialized hand-raised macaws can survive and breed in the wild but that ex-pets are not good release candidates.  相似文献   

Solar UV-B and ABA are involved in phenol metabolism of Vitis vinifera L. increasing biosynthesis of berry skin polyphenols     

Berli FJ  Fanzone M  Piccoli P  Bottini R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(9):4874-4884

It has been previously found that abscisic acid (ABA) participates in the activation of grapevine leaf tissue defense against potentially damaging effects of solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), apparently by triggering biosynthesis of phenols that filter the harmful radiation and act as antioxidants. The present work studies the effect of solar UV-B and exogenously applied ABA on berry growth, sugar accumulation, and phenol (anthocyanin and nonanthocyanin) profiles across berry development and ripening of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec in a vineyard at 1450 m of altitude. The grapevines were exposed to relatively high UV-B irradiation (normal sunlight; +UV-B) and also to a reduced UV-B treatment (filter exclusion; -UV-B). These two UV-B treatments were combined with weekly spray applications to the leaves and berries of 1 mM ABA (+ABA) or H(2)O (-ABA). Reduction of UV-B delayed berry development and maturation, whereas the +UV-B and +ABA combined treatment hastened berry sugar and phenol accumulation. +UV-B/+ABA treatments also reduced berry growth and decreased sugar per berry without affecting sugar concentration (°Brix) at harvest. Berry skin ABA levels were higher in the +UV-B and +ABA combined treatment, which also hastened the onset of ripening up to 20 days. Berry skin ABA levels then decreased toward harvest, implying a possible role for ABA in the control of ripening in this nonclimacteric fruit. Under both +UV-B and +ABA treatments berry skin phenols were additively increased with a change in anthocyanin and nonanthocyanin profiles and increases in the proportion of phenols with high antioxidant capacity.  相似文献   

Varietal relationship between instrumental skin hardness and climate for grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)     

Rolle L  Gerbi V  Schneider A  Spanna F  Río Segade S 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(19):10624-10634

The main aims of this work were to classify 30 colored and white wine grape varieties according to the berry skin hardness, to assess the influence of annual variations in climate on the berry skin hardness, and to establish significant relationships among berry skin mechanical properties and some climatic-bioclimatic indices calculated for different grape-ripening periods, close to the harvest date. The results obtained show that the most influential bioclimatic indices on the skin mechanical attributes were temperature parameters. In the same season, the influence of the production area was also evaluated, precipitation parameters being the best correlated with the berry skin hardness. This first work has permitted us to know the relationship among skin texture characteristics and seasonal climatic indices.  相似文献   

A case of lymphocytic-plasmacytic jejunitis diagnosed by double-balloon enteroscopy in a dog     

Ayala I  Latorre R  Soria F  Carballo F  Lopez-Albors O  Buendia AJ  Perez-Cuadrado E 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(4):262-267

A 3 yr old male English setter dog was presented for evaluation of a 6-wk history of intermittent diarrhea. After standard gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy showed normal mucosa, double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) was used via both oral and anal approaches. Gross changes consistent with inflammation in the jejunum were seen, and biopsy specimens were obtained. Histologic analysis confirmed a diagnosis of lymphocytic-plasmacytic jejunitis. Clinical remission of the disease occurred after 3 mo of therapy with prednisone, metronidazole, and a novel protein diet. Use of DBE has not been previously reported in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease, and isolated lymphocytic-plasmacytic jejunitis has not been described. The described cases of intestinal inflammatory disease diagnosed by conventional endoscopy were related to pathologic changes in the duodenum, ileum or colon, but not the jejunum. The main advantage of the DBE technique allowed examination of portions of the small intestine (jejunum) that were not commonly accessible by standard endoscopic techniques, and permitted a minimally invasive collection of biopsy samples compared with surgical biopsy. This case highlights the need to consider using DBE in animals with gastrointestinal disorders, whose symptoms are not readily explained by routine tests, conventional endoscopy, and dietary or therapeutic trials.  相似文献   

Gabapentin as part of multi-modal analgesia in two cats suffering multiple injuries     

Vettorato E  Corletto F 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2011,38(5):518-520

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Evaluation of an anaesthetic technique used in dogs undergoing craniectomy for tumour resection   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Raisis AL  Leece EA  Platt SR  Adams VJ  Corletto F  Brearley J 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2007,34(3):171-180

ObjeCTIVE: To evaluate a total intravenous anaesthetic technique in dogs undergoing craniectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Ten dogs admitted for elective surgical resection of rostro-tentorial tumours. METHODS: All dogs were premedicated with methadone, 0.2 mg kg(-1) intramuscularly 30 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol administered intravenously (IV) to effect, following administration of lidocaine 1 mg kg(-1) IV and maintained with a continuous infusion of propofol at < or =0.4 mg kg(-1) minute(-1) during instrumentation and preparation and during movement of the animals to recovery. During surgery, anaesthesia was maintained using a continuous infusion of propofol at 相似文献   

Characterization of “Mais delle Fiorine” (Zea mays L.) and nutritional,morphometric and genetic comparison with other maize landraces of Lombardy region (Northern Italy)     

Giupponi  Luca  Leoni  Valeria  Colombo  Federico  Cassani  Elena  Hejna  Monika  Rossi  Luciana  Pilu  Roberto 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2021,68(5):2075-2091

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - The loss of agrobiodiversity is a topic of global impact. On a local scale, Lombardy, in the Alpine macro-Region, has lost more than 78% of its plant...  相似文献   

The Challenge of Ecophysiological Biodiversity for Biotechnological Applications of Marine Microalgae     

Lucia Barra  Raghu Chandrasekaran  Federico Corato  Christophe Brunet 《Marine drugs》2014,12(3):1641-1675

In this review, we aim to explore the potential of microalgal biodiversity and ecology for biotechnological use. A deeper exploration of the biodiversity richness and ecophysiological properties of microalgae is crucial for enhancing their use for applicative purposes. After describing the actual biotechnological use of microalgae, we consider the multiple faces of taxonomical, morphological, functional and ecophysiological biodiversity of these organisms, and investigate how these properties could better serve the biotechnological field. Lastly, we propose new approaches to enhancing microalgal growth, photosynthesis, and synthesis of valuable products used in biotechnological fields, mainly focusing on culture conditions, especially light manipulations and genetic modifications.  相似文献   

Physiological host range of Trissolcus mitsukurii,a candidate biological control agent of Halyomorpha halys in Europe     

Giovannini  Lucrezia  Sabbatini-Peverieri  Giuseppino  Marianelli  Leonardo  Rondoni  Gabriele  Conti  Eric  Roversi  Pio Federico 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(2):605-618

Journal of Pest Science - The invasive stink bug Halyomorpha halys, native to East Asia, is a severe agricultural pest of worldwide importance, and chemical insecticides are largely sprayed for its...  相似文献   

Accumulation and erosion of Mars' south polar layered deposits     

Seu R  Phillips RJ  Alberti G  Biccari D  Bonaventura F  Bortone M  Calabrese D  Campbell BA  Cartacci M  Carter LM  Catallo C  Croce A  Croci R  Cutigni M  Di Placido A  Dinardo S  Federico C  Flamini E  Fois F  Frigeri A  Fuga O  Giacomoni E  Gim Y  Guelfi M  Holt JW  Kofman W  Leuschen CJ  Marinangeli L  Marras P  Masdea A  Mattei S  Mecozzi R  Milkovich SM  Morlupi A  Mouginot J  Orosei R  Papa C  Paternò T  Persi del Marmo P  Pettinelli E  Pica G  Picardi G  Plaut JJ  Provenziani M  Putzig NE  Russo F  Safaeinili A  Salzillo G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5845):1715-1718

Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion.  相似文献