Differences in productive performance and intestinal transcriptomic profile in two modern fast‐growing chicken hybrids     

Marco Zampiga  Micol Bertocchi  Paolo Bosi  Paolo Trevisi  Adele Meluzzi  Federico Sirri 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2019,103(1):125-134

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Extenders modify the seminal plasma ability to minimize freeze‐thaw damage on ram sperm     

Rafael Ramírez‐Vasquez  Andreina Cesari  Micaela B. Greco  Adriana Cano  Federico Hozbor 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2019,54(12):1621-1629

Seminal plasma (SP) proteins interact with sperm plasma membrane (PM) modulating its functionality. It has been shown that SP proteins can reverse the damage caused by freeze‐thaw; however in these studies, SP has been added to washed sperm (i.e., cells depleted from homologous SP and extender). The aim of the current study was to assess whether the egg yolk‐based extender (EY) modifies SP ability to ameliorate sperm parameters in frozen‐thawed ram spermatozoa. Ejaculates were diluted in EY or soybean lecithin‐based extender (SL) and evaluated before and after freezing to measure the cell damage according to the extender. Even when all classical parameters decreased after freezing, as expected (p < .05), there was no effect of the extender. SP treatment was applied after freeze‐thaw. Sperm were incubated with SP (20% v/v) in the presence of either EY or SL, and sperm parameters were assessed after thawing compared with the same treatments after Percoll sperm selection (washed). Treatments with 20% SP improved sperm total and progressive motility compared with controls regardless of washing and extender (p < .05); however, washed sperm showed higher percentage of total sperm motility compared with those unwashed (p < .05). Moreover, treatment with 20% SP showed significantly higher percentages of PM integrity, sperm with intact acrosomes, integrity of chromatin and non‐capacitated sperm in samples diluted with EY when washed before treatment compared with the other conditions (p < .05). It was concluded that the presence of the extenders and particularly egg yolk alters the SP capacity to reduce the cryodamage.  相似文献   

Effect of dietary arginine to lysine ratios on productive performance,meat quality,plasma and muscle metabolomics profile in fast-growing broiler chickens     

Marco Zampiga  Luca Laghi  Massimiliano Petracci  Chenglin Zhu  Adele Meluzzi  Sami Dridi  Federico Sirri 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2019,(1)

Background: Due to the important functions of arginine in poultry,it should be questioned whether the currently adopted dietary Arg:Lys ratios are sufficient to meet the modern broiler requirement in arginine.The present study aimed,therefore,to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of L-arginine in a commercial broiler diet on productive performance,breast meat quality attributes,incidence and severity of breast muscle myopathies and foot pad dermatitis(FPD),and plasma and muscle metabolomics profile in fast-growing broilers.Results: A total of 1,170 1-day-old Ross 308 male chicks was divided into two experimental groups of 9 replicates each fed either a commercial basal diet(CON,digestible Arg:Lys ratio of 1.05,1.05,1.06 and 1.07 in each feeding phase,respectively) or the same basal diet supplemented on-top with crystalline L-arginine(ARG,digestible Arg:Lys ratio of 1.15,1.15,1.16 and 1.17,respectively).Productive parameters were determined at the end of each feeding phase(12,22,33,43 d).At slaughter(43 d),incidence and severity of FPD and breast myopathies were assessed,while plasma and breast muscle samples were collected and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonancespectroscopy.The dietary supplementation of arginine significantly reduced cumulative feed conversion ratio compared to the control diet at 12 d(1.352 vs.1.401,P 0.05),22 d(1.398 vs.1.420; P 0.01) and 33 d(1.494 vs.1.524; P 0.05),and also tended to improve it in the overall period of trial(1.646 vs.1.675; P = 0.09).Body weight was significantly increased in ARG compared to CON group at 33 d(1,884 vs.1,829 g; P 0.05).No significant effect was observed on meat quality attributes,breast myopathies and FPD occurrence.ARG birds showed significantly higher plasma concentration of arginine and leucine,and lower of acetoacetate,glutamate,adenosine and proline.Arginine and acetate concentrations were higher,whereas acetone and inosine levels were lower in the breast of ARG birds(P 0.05).Conclusions: Taken together,these data showed that increased digestible Arg:Lys ratio had positive effects on feed efficiency in broiler chickens probably via modulation of metabolites that play key roles in energy and protein metabolism.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence for norovirus genogroups GII and GIV in captive non‐human primates     

Federica Di Profio  Vittorio Sarchese  Irene Melegari  Andrea Palombieri  Ivano Massirio  Sandra Bermudez Sanchez  Klaus Gunther Friedrich  Federico Coccia  Fulvio Marsilio  Vito Martella  Barbara Di Martino 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(3):310-315

Noroviruses (NoVs) are a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis in children and adults. Several pieces of evidence suggest that viruses genetically and antigenically closely related to human NoVs might infect animals, raising public health concerns about potential cross‐species transmission. The natural susceptibility of non‐human primates (NPHs) to human NoV infections has already been reported, but a limited amount of data is currently available. In order to start filling this gap, we screened a total of 86 serum samples of seven different species of NPHs housed at the Zoological Garden (Bioparco) of Rome (Italy), collected between 2001 and 2017, using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on virus‐like particles (VLPs) of human GII.4 and GIV.1 NoVs. Antibodies specific for both genotypes were detected with an overall prevalence of 32.6%. In detail, IgG antibodies against GII.4 NoVs were found in 18 Japanese macaques (29.0%, 18/62), a mandrill (10.0%, 1/10), a white‐crowned mangabey (16.6%, 1/6) and in an orangutan (33.3%, 1/3). Twelve macaques (19.3%, 12/62), five mandrills (50.0%, 5/10), two chimpanzees (100%, 2/2) and a white‐crowned mangabey (16.6%, 1/6) showed antibodies for GIV.1 NoVs. The findings of this study confirm the natural susceptibility of captive NHPs to GII NoV infections. In addition, IgG antibodies against GIV.1 were detected, suggesting that NHPs are exposed to GIV NoVs or to antigenically related NoV strains.  相似文献   

Detection of HEV in naturally infected swine from central Argentina by an optimized HEV/MS2 duplex RT‐qPCR     

Federico Marziali  Julian Acosta  Elisa Bolatti  Santiago Mirazo  Patricia Skejich  Patricia Silva  Julie Brassard  Alejandro Costaguta  Daniela Gardiol  Ana Laura Cavatorta 《Zoonoses and public health》2019,66(7):729-738

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is currently considered as a global health concern due to the recognition of its zoonotic transmission to humans, mainly from swine, and its association with the development of severe cases of hepatitis in human risk populations. The lack of updated data on HEV state of infection in swineherds of Argentina, and the necessity of robust technologies for its detection in complex biological samples, positions HEV as an emerging issue in public health. Here, we have optimized a RT‐qPCR with internal control for a more precise and accurate HEV RNA detection in swine stool samples. We implemented this optimized molecular tool to analyse the current epidemiological scenario of HEV infection in swine from the core region of commercial activity of Argentina. A total of 135 stool samples were collected from 16 different farms and tested for HEV presence, resulting in 11 positive cases (8.1%). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all of them correspond to HEV genotype 3 and that different subtypes circulate in the region. Moreover, two of the detected strains presented a high nucleotide similarity with a previously identified isolate from human sewage discharges, suggesting the zoonotic transmission of HEV to humans. Collectively, this work provides a better understanding of HEV epidemiology in Argentina while contributes to the improvement of HEV detection technologies.  相似文献   

A case of postanaesthetic recurarization because of residual atracurium in the intravenous fluid line in a dog     

Chiara De Gennaro  Enzo Vettorato  Federico Corletto 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(3):397-399

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Enriched Topographic Microsites for Improved Native Grass and Forb Establishment in Reclamation     

M. Anne Naeth  Anayansi C. Cohen Fernández  Federico P.O. Mollard  Linjun Yao  Sarah R. Wilkinson  Zhichao Jiao 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2018,71(1):12-18

Low seed germination and seedling establishment are the greatest challenges for revegetation success. Topographic microsites are known to enhance seed germination and seedling establishment due to their unique soil properties and provision of shelter from elements and herbivores; soil amendments can supply organic matter and nutrients for plant establishment and growth when limited. We investigated the effect of three topographic microsites and six soil amendments and their additive effects on three disturbed grasslands in central and southern Alberta, Canada. Treatments were topographic microsites of mounds, pits, and flats, with and without amendments (erosion control blanket, hay, straw, manure, hydrogel, control) and were seeded with four native grasses and three native forb species. Seedling emergence and survival and soil temperature and water content were assessed over two seasons and plant cover over three seasons. The effect of microsites and amendments was not additive. The addition of erosion control blanket, hay, and straw to flat sites was just as productive as on topographic microsites. These amendments increased grass and forb emergence and buffered soil temperature. Mounds increased first year forb emergence and reduced over winter survival rates for grasses and forbs. Pits were not beneficial for revegetation. The effect of topographic microsites and amendments was influenced by site conditions.  相似文献   

Nursery fertilisation affects the frost-tolerance and plant quality of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. cuttings     

Manuel Fernández  Celia Marcos  Raúl Tapias  Federico Ruiz  Gustavo López 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(8):865-873

Eucalyptus globulus is widely used in productive exotic plantations but the expansion of these plantations is limited by low temperatures, as its cold hardening capacity is limited (0.5 to 3.0 °C). It is not well understood how nursery fertilisation affects the field performance of plants. This led us to study the effect of three mineral nutrients (N, P and K) on both plant quality and frost tolerance. The experiment comprised eight growth treatments in which a high dose (H-) or a low dose (L-) of each nutrient was applied. Nitrogen was the nutrient that determined shoot growth, new root growth after transplanting (root egress), frost tolerance and field performance. Performance was better with treatment H-N than with treatment L-N, leaf nitrogen contents being 1.53 and 0.89% respectively. The effects of phosphorus and potassium were not significant between treatments for any parameter. The exception was P which, when interacting with N, favoured root egress for the H-N treatment. It was concluded that nursery fertilisation offers a management tool for eucalyptus growers concerned with plant stock quality.  相似文献   

Identification of new flavonoid glycosides and flavonoid profiles to characterize rocket leafy salads (Eruca vesicaria and Diplotaxis tenuifolia)     

Martínez-Sanchez A  Llorach R  Gil MI  Ferreres F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(4):1356-1363

"Rocket" is a collective name used to term some species within the Eruca and Diplotaxis genera, whose leaves are characterized by a more or less pungent taste. Different approaches have been carried out to differentiate both genera that have similar leaf morphologies. Following our research in flavonoid profiling of the Brassicaceae family using high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet-diode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectroemtry, we have investigated Eruca vesicaria and Diplotaxis tenuifolia leaf samples as new ingredients of fresh salads. The MS/MS study allowed the identification of new naturally occurring quercetin mono- and diacyl-tri-O-glucosides and the elucidation of the flavonoid glycosylation and acylation patterns. Important differences between flavonoid profiles of E. vesicaria and D. tenuifolia were observed. E. vesicaria contained kaempferol derivatives as principal compounds whereas D. tenuifolia instead accumulated quercetin derivatives. The exhaustive study of the profiling of these species could help further studies concerning the bioavailability of these flavonoids for epidemiological or clinical intervention studies because these species have considerable potential as healthy leafy salads because of the bioactive phytochemicals.  相似文献   

Genetic Diversity of Xylella fastidiosa Strains from Costa Rica, São Paulo, Brazil, and United States     

Montero-Astúa M  Hartung JS  Aguilar E  Chacón C  Li W  Albertazzi FJ  Rivera C 《Phytopathology》2007,97(10):1338-1347

ABSTRACT The diversity of 42 Xylella fastidiosa strains from Costa Rica, S?o Paulo, Brazil, and the United States were analyzed using the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene by variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) fragment analysis and by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of a specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplification product using enzyme CfoI. Limited variability in the sequence of the 16S rRNA gene was observed and, although the separation was not absolute, most strains from Costa Rica clustered with strains from the United States and not with strains from S?o Paulo. The PCR-RFLP produced different patterns of DNA bands. The same pattern was shared by strains from Costa Rica, the United States, and two coffee strains from S?o Paulo, but a different pattern was observed in six coffee and orange strains from Brazil. In all, 32 amplification products were scored in the VNTR fragment analysis. The total variation observed among the X. fastidiosa strains had significant (P < 0.001) contributions from both geography and host origin as inferred by Nei's values of genetic diversity and WINAMOVA statistics. The strains from Costa Rica were isolated from diseased grapevines, coffee, and sweet orange and these strains grouped together and could be distinguished from strains from grapevine from the United States or from either coffee or sweet orange from S?o Paulo. The strains tested from Costa Rica are most likely of local origin, although the possibility that they have been introduced along with horticultural crops cannot be excluded. In either case, they are examples of independent selection of strains of X. fastidiosa affecting coffee and sweet orange. Greater genetic similarity was observed between strains from Costa Rica and the United States than with those from S?o Paulo.  相似文献