Improving preventive locust management: insights from a multi‐agent model          下载免费PDF全文

Pierre‐Emmanuel Gay  Michel Lecoq  Cyril Piou 《Pest management science》2018,74(1):46-58

BACKGROUND

Preventive management of locust plagues works in some cases but still fails frequently. The role of funding institution awareness was suggested as a potential facilitating factor for cyclic locust plagues. We designed a multi‐agent system to represent the events of locust plague development and a management system with three levels: funding institution, national control unit and field teams. A sensitivity analysis identified the limits and improvements of the management system.

RESULTS

The model generated cyclic locust plagues through a decrease in funding institution awareness. The funding institution could improve its impact by increasing its support by just a few percent. The control unit should avoid hiring too many field teams when plagues bring in money, in order to ensure that surveys can be maintained in times of recession. The more information the teams can acquire about the natural system, the more efficient they will be.

CONCLUSION

We argue that anti‐locust management should be considered as a complex adaptive system. This not only would allow managers to prove to funders the random aspect of their needs, but would also enable funders and decision‐makers to understand and integrate their own decisions into the locust dynamics that still regularly affect human populations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

PESO: a modelling framework to help improve management strategies for epidemics – application to sharka          下载免费PDF全文

Coralie Picard  Loup Rimbaud  Pascal Hendrikx  Samuel Soubeyrand  Emmanuel Jacquot  Gaël Thébaud 《EPPO Bulletin》2017,47(2):231-236

The optimization of management strategies for plant diseases is a difficult task because of the complexity and variability of epidemic dynamics. Thanks to their ability to numerically simulate many scenarios, models can be used to estimate epidemiological parameters, assess the effectiveness of different management strategies and optimize them. This article presents the PESO (parameter estimation–simulation–optimization) modelling framework to help improve plant disease management strategies. This framework is based on (i) the characterization of the epidemic dynamics to estimate key epidemiological parameters, (ii) the use of spatially explicit models to simulate epidemic dynamics and disease management, and (iii) the use of numerical optimization methods to identify better management strategies. This approach is generic and can be applied to many diseases. The work presented here focuses on sharka (caused by Plum pox virus), which has a worldwide impact on the Prunus industry, and is associated with huge disease management costs in many countries, especially in France.  相似文献   

Farmers’ perceptions of sorghum production constraints and Striga control practices in semi-arid areas of Tanzania     

Emmanuel Mrema  Mark Laing  Tulole Bucheyeki 《国际虫害防治杂志》2017,63(2):146-156

The objectives of this study were to investigate constraints affecting sorghum production and farmers' approaches of Striga management in the semi-arid regions of Tanzania. Focus group discussions based on a semi-structured questionnaire and observations following transect walks were used for data collection. Only 35%, 15%, and 10% of the farmers from Igunga, Kishapu, and Meatu districts, respectively, reported growing newly released varieties. The major constraints affecting sorghum production in the study areas included Striga infestation, drought, storage pests, damage by birds, a lack of access to improved varieties, and a lack of access to production inputs, such as fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Hand weeding, crop rotation, fallowing, intercropping, and organic manure application were the most common practices of farmers for reducing Striga infestations, but most farmers (79.7%) had little knowledge of the best recommended Striga management practices. About 65% of the farmers did not use fertilizers and herbicides for soil fertility improvement and weed management, respectively, creating favourable conditions for Striga infestation. A systematic breeding programme aiming at improving sorghum varieties for Striga resistance, including farmers' preferred traits, should be designed and implemented to increase the adoption of these new varieties by the farmers.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Antimicrobial resistance and virulence profile of enterococci isolated from poultry and cattle sources in Nigeria     

Ngbede  Emmanuel Ochefije  Raji  Mashood Abiola  Kwanashie  Clara Nna  Kwaga  Jacob Kwada Paghi 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(4):885-885

Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

Folate Polyglutamylation is Required for Rice Seed Development   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Nampeung Anukul  Riza Abilgos Ramos  Payam Mehrshahi  Anahi Santoyo Castelazo  Helen Parker  Anne Diévart  Nadège Lanau  Delphine Mieulet  Gregory Tucker  Emmanuel Guiderdoni  David A. Barrett  Malcolm J. Bennett 《Rice》2010,3(2-3):181-193

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Sero-epidemiological investigation of bovine toxoplasmosis in traditional and smallholder cattle production systems of Tanga Region,Tanzania     

Luuk B. Schoonman  T. Wilsmore  Emmanuel S. Swai 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):579-587

In view of the worldwide importance of Toxoplasma gondii and the fragmented information on the seroprevalence of the disease in animals in Tanzania, a study, using the modified Eiken latex agglutination test (LAT), was conducted from May 2003 to January 2004 to determine the prevalence of antibody to T. gondii in 130 randomly selected farms comprising 655 cattle. The overall seroprevalence of T.gondii antibodies in cattle and farms were 3.6% and 13%, respectively. Risk factors for animal and herd-level toxoplasmosis seropositivity were tested using multivariable logistic regression to control for confounding factors. Cattle managed under traditional husbandry practises were more likely to be seropositive than those managed under smallholder practises (48% versus 4.7%; p < 0.01). Herd size of ≥ 9 cattle were at greater risk of acquiring infection than herds holding fewer animals [≤ 9 cattle], (odd ratio [OR] = 3.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97–16.48; P = 0.001). We concluded that seroprevalence at herd level was high and relatively low at animal level, possibly due to the reduced susceptibility of cattle to T.gondii infection as compared to goats and sheep. The high seroprevalence in animals managed by traditional husbandry practise suggests that the parasite is widely distributed in the environment and could pose a public health threat to the people living in those areas.  相似文献   

Evolution. Intermediate steps     

Devos DP  Reynaud EG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6008):1187-1188

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Effect of selenium and vitamin E on oxidative stress in lambs experimentally infected with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Haemonchus contortus</Emphasis>     

Marta Lizandra do Reo Leal  Emmanuel Veiga de Camargo  Daniel Henrique Ross  Marcelo Beltrão Molento  Sonia Terezinha dos Anjos Lopes  João Batista Teixeira da Rocha 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(6):549-555

The objective of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress in lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and supplemented with selenium and vitamin E. Twenty male Corriedale lambs were divided into four experimental groups with five animals each: G1 consisted of animals infected and supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg of live weight (LW) sodium selenite by intramuscular injection (IM); G2 consisted of animals infected with larvae and supplemented with 0.2 mg/kg LW sodium selenite IM and 2000 IU per animal of Vitamin E IM; G3 consisted of animals infected with larvae and supplemented with 2000 IU per animal of Vitamin E IM; and G4 consisted of animals infected with larvae. The animals were infected orally with 500 H. contortus larvae (L3) every 48 hours for 20 days. For biochemical analyses and eggs per grams of feces (EPG) evaluation, blood and feces were both collected at zero (T0), 20 (T1), 40 (T2) and 60 (T3) days. The weight of the animals was also measured at these times. Lower TBARS values were observed in the supplemented animals compared to the control group. The groups supplemented with Selenium exhibited blood GSH-Px activity higher than that of non-supplemented animals. Supplementation with selenium provided greater antioxidant protection against oxidative stress generated from experimental infection of lambs with H. contortus.  相似文献   

How mass flow and rotational speed affect fertiliser centrifugal spreading: Potential interpretation in terms of the amount of fertiliser per vane     

Sylvain Villette  Emmanuel PironDenis Miclet  Richard MartinGawain Jones  Jean-Noel PaoliChristelle Gée 《Biosystems Engineering》2012,111(1):133-138

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Nasal plasma cell dermatitis in cats     

Bensignor E  Merven F 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(3):286-286

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