Predation on native sculpin by exotic brown trout exceeds that by native cutthroat trout within a mountain watershed (Logan,UT, USA)          下载免费PDF全文

Christy S. Meredith  Phaedra Budy  Gary P. Thiede 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2015,24(1):133-147

We explored potential negative effects of exotic brown trout (Salmo trutta) on native sculpin (Cottus sp.) on the Logan River, Utah, USA by (i) examining factors most strongly correlated with sculpin abundance (e.g., abiotic conditions or piscivory?), (ii) contrasting the extent of brown trout predation on sculpin with that by native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii utah) and (iii) estimating the number of sculpin consumed by brown trout along an elevational gradient using bioenergetics. Abundance of sculpin across reaches showed a strong (r ≥ 0.40) and significant (P < 0.05) correlation with physical variables describing width (positive) and gradient (negative), but not with abundance of piscivorous brown trout or cutthroat trout. In mainstem reaches containing sculpin, we found fish in 0% of age‐1, 10% of age‐2 and 33% of age‐3 and older brown trout diets. Approximately 81% of fish consumed by brown trout were sculpin. Despite a similar length–gape relationship for native cutthroat trout, we found only two fish (one sculpin and one unknown) in the diets of native cutthroat trout similar in size to age‐3 brown trout. Based on bioenergetics, we estimate that an average large (> 260 mm) brown trout consumes as many as 34 sculpin per year. Nevertheless, results suggest that sculpin abundance in this system is controlled by abiotic factors and not brown trout predation. Additional research is needed to better understand how piscivory influences brown trout invasion success, including in‐stream experiments exploring trophic dynamics and interactions between brown trout and native prey under different environmental conditions.  相似文献   

荞麦抗旱性研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

万燕  韦爽  贾晓凤  刘曼  谭茂玲  宋超  向达兵  赵钢 《作物杂志》2015,(2):23-26

荞麦是一种珍贵的药食同源作物,随着人们对健康饮食的逐渐重视,荞麦及其加工产品在人们生活中的地位越发重要。中国拥有丰富的荞麦资源,多种植在干旱或半干旱的冷凉高原山区及边远山区。干旱严重影响荞麦的产量和品质,提高荞麦抗旱性在荞麦生产中起着重要的作用。为此,从干旱对荞麦形态特征、抗旱性的生理生化基础、干旱对荞麦产量及品质的影响等方面阐述了荞麦抗旱性的研究进展,并对荞麦抗旱分子机理方面的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

E. Melanie DuPuis: Nature’s perfect food: how milk became America’s drink     

Evan Perrault 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(4):583-584

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Books received     

Carol J. Pierce Colfer 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(4):589-590

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Performance evaluation of forest co-management: a case study of Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary,Bangladesh     

Umma Tamima 《林业研究》2016,27(4):853-861

The objective was to evaluate the performance of the co-management of Nishorgo Support Project at Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary in Bangladesh. I adopted the Focus Groups Discussion method for opinion survey and applied the SWOTAHP technique for data analysis. Local people did not participate in the decision-making process of forest management and they perceived co-management as a threat to their livelihoods. Moreover, mistrust and misunderstanding among different stakeholders, political and ethical conflicts, lack of property rights of tribal communities, and lack of accountability and transparency were identified as the drawbacks of co-management.  相似文献   

基于VB的温室温湿度实时监测上位机系统设计     

董曼 《农业工程》2016,6(3):21-26

研究并设计了一种基于VB的温室温湿度实时监测上位机系统。该系统能实现对现场采集的温湿度数据进行实时监测，并针对不同的作物，当环境温湿度参数越限时，启动声音报警，以便管理员介入进行自动或手动调控。提供温室作物最佳的温湿度生长环境，提高温室的自动化程度和生产效率。该系统应用软件工程的设计思想，以Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0为开发环境，Microsoft Access为后台数据库，采用模块化的设计方法，利用面向对象、数据库等技术完成系统数据的实时显示、信息和数据的存储、历史数据查询、统计分析、打印和异常报警等功能，实现了上位机系统的监测任务。介绍了系统的总体设计和各功能模块的设计，说明了该系统的主要功能，并给出了系统的运行界面和部分代码，在系统和数据库安全方面也采取了一定措施。   相似文献   

基于质粒表达的siRNA对猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)复制的抑制作用     

李曼  宋勤叶  李艳琴  左玉柱  李潭清 《农业生物技术学报》2011,19(3)

猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)是猪圆环病毒相关疾病(PCVAD)的必要病原,对养猪生产构成了严重威胁,但当前缺乏有效的防治手段.为了探索治疗PCVAD的新途径,分别针对PCV2的病毒复制相关蛋白基因(rep)与衣壳蛋白基因(cap),构建了PCV2特异的siRNA表达质粒(pGensil-R259、pGensil-C297和pGensilC490)和PCV2非特异的阴性对照质粒(pGensiI-SCR).在脂质体介导下,将构建的siRNA表达质粒与阴性对照质粒转染PK-15细胞,转染质粒20 h后感染PCV2.结果质粒表达的特异siRNA抑制了PCV2 DNA的合成及Rep和Cap蛋白的表达,使病毒滴度(TCID50)显著下降;针对靶基因不同位点的siRNA的抑制效果不同,病毒感染后36 h内,siRNA对PCV2的抑制作用最强,随后有所下降,但直至感染后60 h仍然能够显著抑制PCV2复制.实验结果提示质粒表达的特异siRNA能够显著地抑制PCV2的增殖,但这种抑制功能与作用时间呈负相关.  相似文献   

布氏乳杆菌和甲酸对青藏高原不同物候期燕麦青贮饲料发酵品质和细菌群落的影响     

陆永祥  赵嫚  陈良寅  成启明  游明鸿  李达旭  陈仕勇  白史且  李平 《草地学报》2020,28(6):1736-1743

为探讨布氏乳杆菌和甲酸对青藏高原不同物候期燕麦（Avena sativa L.）青贮饲料发酵品质和细菌群落的影响，本试验以开花期、乳熟期和蜡熟期燕麦为原料，设置对照、添加甲酸和添加布氏乳杆菌3个处理，青贮90 d后，测定其营养成分、发酵指标和细菌群落组成。结果表明：布氏乳杆菌和甲酸处理均改变不同物候期燕麦青贮饲料中细菌群落组成（P<0.05），并提高其乳酸细菌相对丰富度；与对照相比，用布氏乳杆菌和甲酸处理不同物候期的燕麦青贮后，蜡熟期的燕麦pH值降低（P<0.05），乙酸均增加9.7%，丙酸分别降低11.6%和8.6%，氨态氮分别降低11.3%和19.2%。综合细菌群落组成、发酵品质和营养成分来看，蜡熟期的燕麦添加布氏乳杆菌和甲酸后，其青贮品质较佳。  相似文献   

Jody Emel and Harvey Neo: Political ecologies of meat     

Heide K. Bruckner 《Agriculture and Human Values》2016,33(3):739-740

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Brian K. Obach: Organic struggle: the movement for sustainable agriculture in the United States     

Kelly Yearick 《Agriculture and Human Values》2017,34(2):505-506

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